Ecclesiastes 7:20
Ecclesiastes 7:20 in Multiple Translations
Surely there is no righteous man on earth who does good and never sins.
For there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not.
Surely there is not a righteous man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not.
There is no man on earth of such righteousness that he does good and is free from sin all his days.
There's not one good person in all the world who always does what is right and never sins.
It is good that thou lay hold on this: but yet withdrawe not thine hand from that: for he that feareth God, shall come forth of them all.
Because there is not a righteous man on earth that doth good and sinneth not.
Surely there is not a righteous man on earth who does good and doesn’t sin.
For there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not.
Wisdom hath strengthened the wise more than ten princes of the city.
There is no one in this world who always does what is right and who never sins.
Berean Amplified Bible — Ecclesiastes 7:20
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Ecclesiastes 7:20 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
כִּ֣י
אָדָ֔ם
אֵ֥ין
צַדִּ֖יק
בָּ/אָ֑רֶץ
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
יַעֲשֶׂה
טּ֖וֹב
וְ/לֹ֥א
יֶחֱטָֽא
כִּ֣י
kîy
H3588
for
Conj
אָדָ֔ם
ʼâdâm
H120
the man (Adam)
N-ms
אֵ֥ין
ʼayin
H369
nothing
Part
צַדִּ֖יק
tsaddîyq
H6662
righteous
Adj
בָּ/אָ֑רֶץ
ʼerets
H776
land
Prep | N-cs
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
ʼăsher
H834
which
Rel
יַעֲשֶׂה
ʻâsâh
H6213
to make
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms
טּ֖וֹב
ṭôwb
H2896
pleasant
Adj
וְ/לֹ֥א
lôʼ
H3808
not
Conj | Part
יֶחֱטָֽא
châṭâʼ
H2398
to sin
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Ecclesiastes 7:20
כִּ֣י
kîy
H3588
"for"
Conj
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.
אָדָ֔ם
ʼâdâm
H120
"the man (Adam)"
N-ms
Adam was the first human, created by God and mentioned in Genesis 2:19, who married Eve and had sons including Cain, Abel, and Seth.
Definition: The first named man living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.2.19; married to Eve (H2332); father of: Cain (H7014B), Abel (H1893) and Seth (H8352); also translated "man" at Gen.2.19,21,23; 3.8,9,20; 5.2; "mankind" at Deu.32.8; "others" at Job.31.33; Another spelling of a.dam (אָדָם "Adam" H0121) man, human being
Usage: Occurs in 526 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] another, [phrase] hypocrite, [phrase] common sort, [idiom] low, man (mean, of low degree), person. See also: Genesis 1:26; Judges 18:7; Psalms 8:5.
אֵ֥ין
ʼayin
H369
"nothing"
Part
This word means nothing or not, often used to indicate the absence of something, as in Genesis 1:2 where the earth was without form. It emphasizes the idea of something lacking or non-existent.
Definition: 1) nothing, not, nought n 1a) nothing, nought neg 1b) not 1c) to have not (of possession) adv 1d) without w/prep 1e) for lack of
Usage: Occurs in 686 OT verses. KJV: else, except, fail, (father-) less, be gone, in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any, thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable), well-nigh, without. Compare H370 (אַיִן). See also: Genesis 2:5; Deuteronomy 14:27; 1 Kings 15:22.
צַדִּ֖יק
tsaddîyq
H6662
"righteous"
Adj
Means being just or righteous, as seen in government, personal conduct, or character, often describing someone made right with God. It appears in descriptions of King David and other biblical leaders. The concept is central to the Bible's teachings on morality and ethics.
Definition: 1) just, lawful, righteous 1a) just, righteous (in government) 1b) just, right (in one's cause) 1c) just, righteous (in conduct and character) 1d) righteous (as justified and vindicated by God) 1e) right, correct, lawful
Usage: Occurs in 197 OT verses. KJV: just, lawful, righteous (man). See also: Genesis 6:9; Proverbs 10:31; Psalms 1:5.
בָּ/אָ֑רֶץ
ʼerets
H776
"land"
Prep | N-cs
The land or earth refers to the soil or ground, and can also mean a country, territory, or region. In the Bible, it is used to describe the earth and its inhabitants, and is often translated as 'land' or 'country'.
Definition: : soil 1) land, earth 1a) earth 1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part) 1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven) 1a3) earth (inhabitants) 1b) land 1b1) country, territory 1b2) district, region 1b3) tribal territory 1b4) piece of ground 1b5) land of Canaan, Israel 1b6) inhabitants of land 1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world 1b8) city (-state) 1c) ground, surface of the earth 1c1) ground 1c2) soil 1d) (in phrases) 1d1) people of the land 1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance) 1d3) level or plain country 1d4) land of the living 1d5) end(s) of the earth 1e) (almost wholly late in usage) 1e1) lands, countries 1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
Usage: Occurs in 2190 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world. See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 18:18; Genesis 42:13.
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
ʼăsher
H834
"which"
Rel
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Definition: A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when
Usage: Occurs in 4440 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:16.
יַעֲשֶׂה
ʻâsâh
H6213
"to make"
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms
This verb means to make or do something, and is used over 2,600 times in the Bible. It is first used in Genesis 1:7 to describe God's creation of the world and is also used in Exodus 31:5 to describe the work of skilled craftsmen.
Definition: : make(OBJECT) 1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to do, work, make, produce 1a1a) to do 1a1b) to work 1a1c) to deal (with) 1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect 1a2) to make 1a2a) to make 1a2b) to produce 1a2c) to prepare 1a2d) to make (an offering) 1a2e) to attend to, put in order 1a2f) to observe, celebrate 1a2g) to acquire (property) 1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute 1a2i) to bring about 1a2j) to use 1a2k) to spend, pass 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be done 1b2) to be made 1b3) to be produced 1b4) to be offered 1b5) to be observed 1b6) to be used 1c) (Pual) to be made
Usage: Occurs in 2286 OT verses. KJV: accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 34:19; Exodus 18:24.
טּ֖וֹב
ṭôwb
H2896
"pleasant"
Adj
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means good or welfare, describing something that is beneficial or pleasing, like a good deed or a happy time. It is used in many contexts, including Genesis and Psalms. This word is often translated as 'good' or 'beautiful'.
Definition: adj 1) good, pleasant, agreeable 1a) pleasant, agreeable (to the senses) 1b) pleasant (to the higher nature) 1c) good, excellent (of its kind) 1d) good, rich, valuable in estimation 1e) good, appropriate, becoming 1f) better (comparative) 1g) glad, happy, prosperous (of man's sensuous nature) 1h) good understanding (of man's intellectual nature) 1i) good, kind, benign 1j) good, right (ethical) Aramaic equivalent: tav (טָב "fine" H2869)
Usage: Occurs in 521 OT verses. KJV: beautiful, best, better, bountiful, cheerful, at ease, [idiom] fair (word), (be in) favour, fine, glad, good (deed, -lier, -liest, -ly, -ness, -s), graciously, joyful, kindly, kindness, liketh (best), loving, merry, [idiom] most, pleasant, [phrase] pleaseth, pleasure, precious, prosperity, ready, sweet, wealth, welfare, (be) well(-favoured). See also: Genesis 1:4; Ruth 2:22; 2 Chronicles 3:8.
וְ/לֹ֥א
lôʼ
H3808
"not"
Conj | Part
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Definition: 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Usage: Occurs in 3967 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without. See also: Genesis 2:5; Genesis 31:15; Exodus 4:9.
יֶחֱטָֽא
châṭâʼ
H2398
"to sin"
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms
To sin means to miss the mark or go wrong, incurring guilt or penalty, and can also mean to repent or make amends. It is used in the Bible to describe wrongdoing and its consequences.
Definition: 1) to sin, miss, miss the way, go wrong, incur guilt, forfeit, purify from uncleanness 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to miss 1a2) to sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty 1a3) to incur guilt, incur penalty by sin, forfeit 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to bear loss 1b2) to make a sin-offering 1b3) to purify from sin 1b4) to purify from uncleanness 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to miss the mark 1c2) to induce to sin, cause to sin 1c3) to bring into guilt or condemnation or punishment 1d) (Hithpael) 1d1) to miss oneself, lose oneself, wander from the way 1d2) to purify oneself from uncleanness
Usage: Occurs in 220 OT verses. KJV: bear the blame, cleanse, commit (sin), by fault, harm he hath done, loss, miss, (make) offend(-er), offer for sin, purge, purify (self), make reconciliation, (cause, make) sin(-ful, -ness), trespass. See also: Genesis 20:6; 1 Kings 15:34; Psalms 4:5.
Study Notes — Ecclesiastes 7:20
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Ecclesiastes 7:20 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Ecclesiastes 7:20
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Ecclesiastes 7:20
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Ecclesiastes 7:20
- Trapp's Commentary on Ecclesiastes 7:20
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on Ecclesiastes 7:20
- Cambridge Bible on Ecclesiastes 7:20
- Barnes' Notes on Ecclesiastes 7:20
- Whedon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes 7:20
- Sermons on Ecclesiastes 7:20
Context — The Limits of Human Wisdom
18It is good to grasp the one and not let the other slip from your hand. For he who fears God will follow both warnings.
19Wisdom makes the wise man stronger than ten rulers in a city.
20Surely there is no righteous man on earth who does good and never sins.
21Do not pay attention to every word that is spoken, or you may hear your servant cursing you. 22For you know in your heart that many times you yourself have cursed others.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Romans 3:23 | for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, |
| 2 | Isaiah 53:6 | We all like sheep have gone astray, each one has turned to his own way; and the LORD has laid upon Him the iniquity of us all. |
| 3 | 1 John 1:8–10 | If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. If we say we have not sinned, we make Him out to be a liar, and His word is not in us. |
| 4 | James 3:2 | We all stumble in many ways. If anyone is never at fault in what he says, he is a perfect man, able to control his whole body. |
| 5 | Proverbs 20:9 | Who can say, “I have kept my heart pure; I am cleansed from my sin”? |
| 6 | 1 Kings 8:46 | When they sin against You—for there is no one who does not sin—and You become angry with them and deliver them to an enemy who takes them as captives to his own land, whether far or near, |
| 7 | Job 15:14–16 | What is man, that he should be pure, or one born of woman, that he should be righteous? If God puts no trust in His holy ones, if even the heavens are not pure in His eyes, how much less man, who is vile and corrupt, who drinks injustice like water? |
| 8 | 2 Chronicles 6:36 | When they sin against You—for there is no one who does not sin—and You become angry with them and deliver them to an enemy who takes them as captives to a land far or near, |
| 9 | Isaiah 64:6 | Each of us has become like something unclean, and all our righteous acts are like filthy rags; we all wither like a leaf, and our iniquities carry us away like the wind. |
| 10 | Psalms 143:2 | Do not bring Your servant into judgment, for no one alive is righteous before You. |
Ecclesiastes 7:20 Summary
Ecclesiastes 7:20 reminds us that nobody is perfect and that everyone sins at some point. This doesn't mean we should give up trying to do good, but rather that we should be honest about our limitations and shortcomings, and look to God for forgiveness and guidance, as we see in Psalms 51:1-2, where David cries out for mercy and cleansing. By acknowledging our sinfulness, we can cultivate humility and a deeper dependence on God. This verse encourages us to strive for righteousness, not in our own strength, but in the knowledge of our need for God's grace and forgiveness, as seen in Romans 5:8, which tells us that God demonstrates His love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does Ecclesiastes 7:20 mean by 'there is no righteous man on earth who does good and never sins'?
This verse highlights the reality of human sinfulness, emphasizing that even the most well-intentioned individuals will inevitably sin, as seen in Romans 3:23, which states that 'all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God'.
Is Ecclesiastes 7:20 saying that it's impossible to be righteous?
While this verse acknowledges that humans are prone to sin, it doesn't negate the possibility of living a righteous life through faith in God, as encouraged in Psalms 37:37, which urges us to 'mark the blameless man, and observe the upright'.
How does this verse relate to the concept of perfection?
Ecclesiastes 7:20 underscores the idea that human perfection is unattainable, reinforcing the message in Matthew 19:21, where Jesus teaches that only one is good, and that is God.
What is the significance of this verse in the context of the book of Ecclesiastes?
This verse serves as a reminder of the limitations and frailties of human nature, a theme that is woven throughout the book of Ecclesiastes, and is also reflected in verses like Ecclesiastes 7:18-19, which encourage balance and wisdom in our pursuit of righteousness.
Reflection Questions
- In what ways do I strive for righteousness in my own life, and how do I respond when I fail?
- How can I cultivate a deeper awareness of my own sinfulness and limitations, and what role does humility play in this process?
- What does it mean to 'fear God' as mentioned in the preceding verse, Ecclesiastes 7:18, and how does this fear intersect with my pursuit of righteousness?
- In what ways can I extend grace and understanding to others when they fail, just as I hope for grace and forgiveness when I sin?
Gill's Exposition on Ecclesiastes 7:20
For [there is] not a just man upon earth,.... Or "although", or "notwithstanding" (d), wisdom is so beneficial, and guards and strengthens a good man, yet no man has such a share of it as to live
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Ecclesiastes 7:20
For there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. Not a just man upon earth ... - referring to Ecclesiastes 7:16.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Ecclesiastes 7:20
For; so this is a reason either, 1. Of the foregoing counsels, , the 19th verse being interposed only as a proof of the last clause of . Or, 2. To show the necessity and advantage of that wisdom commended , because all men are very prone to folly and sin, and therefore need that wisdom which is from above to direct and keep them from it. But this particle may be, and elsewhere is, commonly rendered yet; and so the sense is, Although wisdom doth exceedingly strengthen a man, yet it doth not so strengthen him, as if it would keep him from falling into all sin. Or, because; or, seeing that; and so this relates to the following verse, Seeing all men sin, we should be ready to pardon the offences of others against us, either by word or deed. Or, surely; and so it is an entire sentence, such as there are many in this book. There is not a just man upon earth, whereby he manifestly implies that the just in heaven are perfect and sinless, that doeth good, and sinneth not; who is universally and perfectly good, and free from all sin.
Trapp's Commentary on Ecclesiastes 7:20
Ecclesiastes 7:20 For [there is] not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not.Ver. 20. For there is not a just man upon earth.] No, this is reserved for the state of perfection in heaven, where are "the spirits of just men made perfect." It was the cavil wherewith the Pelagians troubled St Augustine, whether it were impossible that by the absolute power of God a just man might not live on earth without sin? But what have we to do here with the absolute power of God? His revealed will is, "That there is not a just man upon earth that doth good and sinneth not"; nay, that sinneth not, even in his doing of good. Our righteousness, while we are on earth, is mixed, as light and darkness, dimness at least, in a painted glass dyed with some obscure and dim colour; it is transparent and giveth good, but not clear and pure light. It is a witty observation of a late learned divine, that the present tense in grammar is accompanied with the imperfect, the future with the preter-pluperfect tense; and that such is the condition of our present and future holiness. Our future is more than perfect, our present is imperfect indeed, but yet true holiness and happiness. Aug., De Peccator. Meritis, lib. ii. cap. 7. Dr Stoughton, on Philippians 3:20.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Ecclesiastes 7:20
Verse 20. There is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not.] לא יחטא lo yechta, that may not sin. There is not a man upon earth, however just he may be, and habituated to do good, but is peccable-liable to commit sin; and therefore should continually watch and pray, and depend upon the Lord. But the text does not say, the just man does commit sin, but simply that he may sin; and so our translators have rendered it in 1 Samuel 2:25, twice in 1Kg 8:31; 1Kg 8:46, and 2 Chronicles 6:36; and the reader is requested to consult the note on 1Kg 8:46, where the proper construction of this word may be found, and the doctrine in question is fully considered.
Cambridge Bible on Ecclesiastes 7:20
20. For there is not a just man upon earth] The sequence of thought is again obscure. We fail at first to see how the fact of man’s sinfulness is the ground of the maxim that wisdom is a better defence than material strength. The following train of associations may perhaps supply the missing link. There had been a time when the presence of ten righteous men would have preserved a guilty city from destruction (Genesis 18:32). But no such men were found, and the city therefore perished. And experience shews that no such men—altogether faultless—will be found anywhere. No one therefore can on that ground claim exemption from chastisement. What remains for the wise man but to fall back on the wisdom which consists in the “fear of God” (Ecclesiastes 7:13), the reverential awe which will at least keep him from presumptuous sins. Substantially the thought is that of a later teaching, that “in many things we offend all” (James 3:2), and therefore that a man is justified by faith (the New Testament equivalent for “the fear of the Lord” as the foundation of a righteous life), and not by works, though not without them.
Here again we may compare the Stoic teaching, “Wise men are rare. Here and there legends tell of one good man, or it may be two, as of strange præter-natural being rarer than the Phœnix.… All are evil and on a level with each other, so that this differs not from that, but all are alike insane” (Alex. Aphrod. de Fato 28).
Barnes' Notes on Ecclesiastes 7:20
The connection of this verse with Ecclesiastes 7:18-19 becomes clearer if it is borne in mind that the fear of God, wisdom, and justice, are merely different sides of one and the same character, the
Whedon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes 7:20
20. Not a just man — Be it remembered that the discussion here is of practical “wisdom,” not of abstract morality.
Sermons on Ecclesiastes 7:20
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
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Gospel Meetings-Shannon Hills 03 by Worth Ellis | In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the difficulty of getting people to recognize their need for salvation. He shares a personal story of a young girl who attended a series of |
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1 John 1:10 by John Gill | John Gill emphasizes the importance of acknowledging our sinfulness, arguing that to claim one has never sinned is to contradict God's truth and make Him a liar. He explains that s |
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Prayer Sighs by A.W. Pink | Greek Word Studies for an aid_number 36031 preaches on the concept of becoming useless, as described by the Greek word 'achreioo', meaning to make unprofitable or morally corrupt. |
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General Counsels to Young Men by J.C. Ryle | J.C. Ryle emphasizes the critical importance of understanding the nature of sin and its consequences, urging young men to recognize its true evil and the cost of atonement through |
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The New Quest and Law of Life. 7:1-29 by W.J. Erdman | In this sermon by W.J. Erdman, the Preacher embarks on a new quest to discover 'the Good' in a high law for life under the sun, possibly found in the fear of God. He seeks wisdom a |
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The Sinner Arraigned and Convicted by Philip Doddridge | Philip Doddridge preaches about the necessity of conviction of guilt in true religion, emphasizing the rebellion against God that all men are born under His law and have violated i |
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Mis-Interpreted Scriptures - Continued by Harmon A. Baldwin | Harmon A. Baldwin discusses the misinterpretation of Old Testament passages to argue that no man can be delivered from sin. He challenges the notion that all are bound to sin by ex |