Exodus 12:34
Exodus 12:34 in Multiple Translations
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, carrying it on their shoulders in kneading bowls wrapped in clothing.
And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.
And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading-troughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.
And the people took their bread-paste before it was leavened, putting their basins in their clothing on their backs.
So the Israelites picked up their dough before it had risen, and carried it on their shoulders in kneading bowls wrapped in clothing.
Therfore the people tooke their dough before it was leauened, euen their dough bound in clothes vpon their shoulders.
and the people taketh up its dough before it is fermented, their kneading-troughs [are] bound up in their garments on their shoulder.
The people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up in their clothes on their shoulders.
And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.
The people therefore took dough before it was leavened: and tying it in their cloaks, put it on their shoulders.
Yahweh caused the Egyptian people to greatly respect the Israeli people, so they gave them what they asked for. In that way, they carried away the wealth of the Egyptian people.
Berean Amplified Bible — Exodus 12:34
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Exodus 12:34 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וַ/יִּשָּׂ֥א
הָ/עָ֛ם
אֶת
בְּצֵק֖/וֹ
טֶ֣רֶם
יֶחְמָ֑ץ
מִשְׁאֲרֹתָ֛/ם
צְרֻרֹ֥ת
בְּ/שִׂמְלֹתָ֖/ם
עַל
שִׁכְמָֽ/ם
וַ/יִּשָּׂ֥א
nâsâʼ
H5375
to lift
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
הָ/עָ֛ם
ʻam
H5971
Amaw
Art | N-ms
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
Obj.
DirObjM
בְּצֵק֖/וֹ
bâtsêq
H1217
dough
N-ms | Suff
טֶ֣רֶם
ṭerem
H2962
before
Adv
יֶחְמָ֑ץ
châmêts
H2556
to leaven
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms
מִשְׁאֲרֹתָ֛/ם
mishʼereth
H4863
kneading
N-fp | Suff
צְרֻרֹ֥ת
tsârar
H6887
to confine
V-Qal-Inf-c
בְּ/שִׂמְלֹתָ֖/ם
simlâh
H8071
mantle
Prep | N-fp | Suff
עַל
ʻal
H5921
upon
Prep
שִׁכְמָֽ/ם
shᵉkem
H7926
shoulder
N-ms | Suff
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Exodus 12:34
וַ/יִּשָּׂ֥א
nâsâʼ
H5375
"to lift"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to lift or raise something, and it's used in many ways, like lifting a burden or raising someone's status. It appears in books like Genesis and Isaiah, often talking about God lifting people up. It's about supporting or carrying something or someone.
Definition: : raise/take_up 1) to lift, bear up, carry, take 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to lift, lift up 1a2) to bear, carry, support, sustain, endure 1a3) to take, take away, carry off, forgive 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be lifted up, be exalted 1b2) to lift oneself up, rise up 1b3) to be borne, be carried 1b4) to be taken away, be carried off, be swept away 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to lift up, exalt, support, aid, assist 1c2) to desire, long (fig.) 1c3) to carry, bear continuously 1c4) to take, take away 1d) (Hithpael) to lift oneself up, exalt oneself 1e) (Hiphil) 1e1) to cause one to bear (iniquity) 1e2) to cause to bring, have brought
Usage: Occurs in 609 OT verses. KJV: accept, advance, arise, (able to, (armor), suffer to) bear(-er, up), bring (forth), burn, carry (away), cast, contain, desire, ease, exact, exalt (self), extol, fetch, forgive, furnish, further, give, go on, help, high, hold up, honorable ([phrase] man), lade, lay, lift (self) up, lofty, marry, magnify, [idiom] needs, obtain, pardon, raise (up), receive, regard, respect, set (up), spare, stir up, [phrase] swear, take (away, up), [idiom] utterly, wear, yield. See also: Genesis 4:13; Numbers 4:2; 1 Samuel 14:3.
הָ/עָ֛ם
ʻam
H5971
"Amaw"
Art | N-ms
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Definition: This name means nation, people
Usage: Occurs in 1655 OT verses. KJV: folk, men, nation, people. See also: Genesis 11:6; Exodus 16:4; Leviticus 17:9.
אֶת
ʼêth
H853
"Obj."
DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
בְּצֵק֖/וֹ
bâtsêq
H1217
"dough"
N-ms | Suff
This word refers to dough, specifically unleavened dough, made from flour. It is used in the Bible to describe food, such as the bread made by Abraham. In Exodus, it is used to describe the dough the Israelites took with them when they left Egypt.
Definition: dough (unleavened)
Usage: Occurs in 5 OT verses. KJV: dough, flour. See also: Exodus 12:34; 2 Samuel 13:8; Jeremiah 7:18.
טֶ֣רֶם
ṭerem
H2962
"before"
Adv
This word indicates something has not happened yet, or it happened before something else. It is used to show timing or sequence of events, translated as before, ere, or not yet in the KJV.
Definition: before, not yet, before that
Usage: Occurs in 50 OT verses. KJV: before, ere, not yet. See also: Genesis 2:5; 2 Kings 6:32; Psalms 5:6.
יֶחְמָ֑ץ
châmêts
H2556
"to leaven"
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms
In the original Hebrew, this verb means to oppress or be cruel to someone, often causing them harm or suffering. It appears in Psalms and Proverbs, describing ruthless behaviors, and warning against treating others harshly. It involves being merciless.
Definition: 1) to be leavened, be sour 1a) (Qal) to be leavened 1b) (Hiphil) to taste something leavened 1c) (Hithpael) to be embittered, grieved
Usage: Occurs in 6 OT verses. KJV: cruel (man), dyed, be grieved, leavened. See also: Exodus 12:34; Psalms 73:21; Psalms 71:4.
מִשְׁאֲרֹתָ֛/ם
mishʼereth
H4863
"kneading"
N-fp | Suff
This term refers to a kneading trough, where dough rises before baking. In the Bible, it is used to describe a common household item. The KJV translates it as kneading trough or store.
Definition: kneading trough or bowl
Usage: Occurs in 4 OT verses. KJV: kneading trough, store. See also: Exodus 7:28; Deuteronomy 28:5; Deuteronomy 28:17.
צְרֻרֹ֥ת
tsârar
H6887
"to confine"
V-Qal-Inf-c
To rival means to oppose or afflict someone. In the Bible, this word is used to describe the struggles of the Israelites, such as when they were oppressed by their enemies or faced internal conflicts and afflictions.
Definition: to confine, besiege Another spelling of tsur (צוּר "to confine" H6696A)
Usage: Occurs in 52 OT verses. KJV: adversary, (be in) afflict(-ion), beseige, bind (up), (be in, bring) distress, enemy, narrower, oppress, pangs, shut up, be in a strait (trouble), vex. See also: Exodus 12:34; Psalms 8:3; Psalms 6:8.
בְּ/שִׂמְלֹתָ֖/ם
simlâh
H8071
"mantle"
Prep | N-fp | Suff
A mantle or dress, like a cloak, is what 'simlah' refers to in the Bible, often translated as 'apparel' or 'garment'.
Definition: wrapper, mantle, covering garment, garments, clothes, raiment, a cloth
Usage: Occurs in 28 OT verses. KJV: apparel, cloth(-es, -ing), garment, raiment. Compare H8008 (שַׂלְמָה). See also: Genesis 9:23; Deuteronomy 21:13; Proverbs 30:4.
עַל
ʻal
H5921
"upon"
Prep
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Definition: prep 1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against 1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards 1b) above, beyond, over (of excess) 1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence) 1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition) 1e) over (of suspension or extension) 1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity) 1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion) 1h) to (as a dative)
Usage: Occurs in 4493 OT verses. KJV: above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 24:13; Genesis 41:33.
שִׁכְמָֽ/ם
shᵉkem
H7926
"shoulder"
N-ms | Suff
This word refers to the shoulder or back, often symbolizing burdens. It is used in Exodus to describe carrying loads and in Genesis to describe the shoulder of a hill.
Definition: 1) shoulder, back 1a) shoulder, shoulder-blade 1b) back (in general) Also means: shikh.mah (שִׁכְמָה "shoulder" H7929)
Usage: Occurs in 21 OT verses. KJV: back, [idiom] consent, portion, shoulder. See also: Genesis 9:23; 1 Samuel 10:9; Psalms 21:13.
Study Notes — Exodus 12:34
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Exodus 12:34 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Exodus 12:34
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 12:34
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Exodus 12:34
- Trapp's Commentary on Exodus 12:34
- Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 12:34
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on Exodus 12:34
- Cambridge Bible on Exodus 12:34
- Barnes' Notes on Exodus 12:34
- Whedon's Commentary on Exodus 12:34
Context — The Exodus Begins
32Take your flocks and herds as well, just as you have said, and depart! And bless me also.”
33And in order to send them out of the land quickly, the Egyptians urged the people on. “For otherwise,” they said, “we are all going to die!”
34So the people took their dough before it was leavened, carrying it on their shoulders in kneading bowls wrapped in clothing.
35Furthermore, the Israelites acted on Moses’ word and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold, and for clothing. 36And the LORD gave the people such favor in the sight of the Egyptians that they granted their request. In this way they plundered the Egyptians.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 8:3 | The Nile will teem with frogs, and they will come into your palace and up to your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and your people, and into your ovens and kneading bowls. |
Exodus 12:34 Summary
[This verse shows how the Israelites had to leave Egypt in a hurry, so quickly that they didn't even have time to let their bread dough rise. This was because the Egyptians were eager for them to leave, fearing for their own lives, as mentioned in Exodus 12:33. The Israelites' swift departure and God's provision for them, as seen in Exodus 12:35-36, demonstrate God's care and control over their situation. Just like the Israelites, we can trust God to provide for us, even in uncertain or challenging circumstances, as promised in Matthew 6:25-34 and Philippians 4:19.]
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did the Israelites have to leave in such a hurry that they didn't even have time to let their dough rise?
The Israelites had to leave quickly because the Egyptians were urgent for them to depart, fearing that if they stayed any longer, they would all die, as stated in Exodus 12:33. This haste is also seen in Exodus 12:31-32, where Pharaoh tells the Israelites to leave immediately.
What is the significance of the dough not being leavened in this context?
The dough not being leavened signifies the Israelites' hasty departure from Egypt, but it also foreshadows the Feast of Unleavened Bread, which would later be instituted by God as a reminder of their deliverance, as seen in Exodus 12:15-20 and Leviticus 23:5-8.
How does this verse show God's provision for the Israelites?
This verse shows God's provision for the Israelites by highlighting their ability to take their dough and other necessities with them as they left Egypt, demonstrating God's care for their physical needs, as also seen in Exodus 12:35-36 where they received favor from the Egyptians and were able to plunder them.
What can we learn from the Israelites' actions in this verse about trust and obedience?
The Israelites' actions in this verse teach us about the importance of trust and obedience, as they followed God's instructions through Moses, even when it meant leaving in a hurry, demonstrating their faith in God's plan, similar to what is taught in Proverbs 3:5-6 and Hebrews 11:8.
Reflection Questions
- How do I respond to God's call to action in my life, especially when it requires sudden or drastic changes?
- In what ways can I apply the principle of trust and obedience, as seen in the Israelites' actions, to my own walk with God?
- What are some areas in my life where I need to trust God's provision and care, just as the Israelites did as they left Egypt?
- How can I balance the need for planning and preparation with the need to be ready to move at God's prompting, as the Israelites had to do in this verse?
Gill's Exposition on Exodus 12:34
And the people took their dough before it was leavened,.... They had that evening mixed their flour with water, and made it into dough, but had put no leaven into it; and the Egyptians being so very
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 12:34
And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders. People took ... kneading troughs.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Exodus 12:34
Their kneading-troughs; or, as others rightly render it, their dough lumps, or food, or lumps of paste unleavened.
Trapp's Commentary on Exodus 12:34
Exodus 12:34 And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.Ver. 34. Took their dough, &c., upon their shoulders.] Not upon their camels, which, saith Aben Erza, were laden with the precious things borrowed of the Egyptians. Rab. Solomon saith, it was to show their cheerfulness in obeying the command of God. See a better reason afterwards, in Exodus 12:39.
Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 12:34
(34) Kneadingtroughs.—Light, portable wooden bowls, such as are now used by the Arabs.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Exodus 12:34
Verse 34. The people took their dough before it was leavened, c.] There was no time now to make any regular preparation for their departure, such was the universal hurry and confusion. The Israelites could carry but little of their household utensils with them but some, such as they kneaded their bread and kept their meal in, they were obliged to carry with them. The kneading troughs of the Arabs are comparatively small wooden bowls, which, after kneading their bread in, serve them as dishes out of which they eat their victuals. And as to these being bound up in their clothes, no more may be intended than their wrapping them up in their long, loose garments, or in what is still used among the Arabs, and called hykes, which is a long kind of blanket, something resembling a highland plaid, in which they often carry their provision, wrap themselves by day, and sleep at night. Dr. Shaw has been particular in his description of this almost entire wardrobe of an Arab. He says they are of different sizes and of different qualities, but generally about six yards in length, and five or six feet broad. He supposes that what we call Ruth's veil, Ruth 3:15, was a hyke, and that the same is to be understood of the clothes of the Israelites mentioned in this verse. See his Travels, p. 224, 4to edition.
Cambridge Bible on Exodus 12:34
34. The people had not time to leaven their dough, but took it with them before it was leavened. The notice, taken in conjunction with the one in v. 39, is evidently intended as an explanation of the origin of the Maẓ ?ẓ ?oth-feast: cf. Deuteronomy 16:3; and p. 91, above. their kneading-bowls,] See on Exodus 8:3. in their clothes] rather, in their mantles. The simlâh was the large square outer garment, made of woollen cloth, which served as a covering by night (ch. Exodus 22:26 f.), and was also often used for carrying things in (Judges 8:25, Rth 3:15). See Dress 3 b in DB. (i. 625).
Barnes' Notes on Exodus 12:34
Kneadingtroughs - (Compare the margin and Deuteronomy 28:5). The troughs were probably small wooden bowls in which the cakes when baked were preserved for use.
Whedon's Commentary on Exodus 12:34
34. Their kneading troughs being bound up in their clothes — The kneading troughs of the Egyptians were of wood, (see illustration under chap.