Hebrew Word Reference — Genesis 10:25
Eber refers to several men in the Bible, including a great-grandson of Shem and the father of Peleg, as mentioned in Genesis and Nehemiah. He was a key figure in the genealogy of the Israelites. His name means the region beyond.
Definition: A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Neh.12.20 § Eber or Heber = "the region beyond" 1) son of Salah, great grandson of Shem, father of Peleg and Joktan 2) a Gadite chief 3) a Benjamite, son of Elpaal and descendant of Sharahaim 4) a Benjamite, son of Shashak 5) a priest in the days of Joiakim the son of Jeshua
Usage: Occurs in 15 OT verses. KJV: Eber, Heber. See also: Genesis 10:21; Numbers 24:24; Nehemiah 12:20.
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to give birth or beget a child, like when Eve gave birth to Cain in Genesis 4:1. It can also mean to help someone give birth, like a midwife. This word is used in many KJV translations, including Genesis and Isaiah.
Definition: 1) to bear, bringforth, beget, gender, travail 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to bear, bring forth 1a1a) of child birth 1a1b) of distress (simile) 1a1c) of wicked (behaviour) 1a2) to beget 1b) (Niphal) to be born 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to cause or help to bring forth 1c2) to assist or tend as a midwife 1c3) midwife (participle) 1d) (Pual) to be born 1e) (Hiphil) 1e1) to beget (a child) 1e2) to bear (fig. -of wicked bringing forth iniquity) 1f) (Hophal) day of birth, birthday (infinitive) 1g) (Hithpael) to declare one's birth (pedigree)
Usage: Occurs in 403 OT verses. KJV: bear, beget, birth(-day), born, (make to) bring forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch, labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman). See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 30:19; 2 Samuel 21:22.
The Hebrew word for the number two appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing pairs and dualities. It can also mean double or twice. In the Bible, it is often used to describe things that come in twos, like two witnesses or two tablets.
Definition: 1) two 1a) two (the cardinal number) 1a1) two, both, double, twice 1b) second (the ordinal number) 1c) in combination with other numbers 1d) both (a dual number)
Usage: Occurs in 646 OT verses. KJV: both, couple, double, second, twain, [phrase] twelfth, [phrase] twelve, [phrase] twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two. See also: Genesis 1:16; Exodus 30:4; Numbers 13:23.
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Definition: : child/son
Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.
In the Bible, a name represents a person's identity, honor, and character, like God's name symbolizing His power and authority. It appears in Genesis and other books, often referring to God's name or a person's reputation. This concept is central to understanding biblical identity.
Definition: 1) name 1a) name 1b) reputation, fame, glory 1c) the Name (as designation of God) 1d) memorial, monument Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)
Usage: Occurs in 771 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] base, (in-) fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report. See also: Genesis 2:11; Exodus 3:15; Deuteronomy 16:6.
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means one or united, and is used to describe something that is single or unique. It is often translated as one, first, or alone. For example, in Genesis 1:5, God calls the light day and the darkness night, and separates them into one thing from another.
Definition: 1) one (number) 1a) one (number) 1b) each, every 1c) a certain 1d) an (indefinite article) 1e) only, once, once for all 1f) one...another, the one...the other, one after another, one by one 1g) first 1h) eleven (in combination), eleventh (ordinal)
Usage: Occurs in 739 OT verses. KJV: a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), [phrase] eleven, every, few, first, [phrase] highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together, See also: Genesis 1:5; Exodus 36:26; Numbers 7:70.
Peleg was a son of Shem, mentioned in Genesis 10:25, and his name means division. He was the brother of Joktan and the father of Reu. Peleg lived during the time of the Patriarchs.
Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.25; son of: Eber (H5677); brother of: Joktan (H3355); father of: Reu (H7466) Also named: Phalek (Φάλεκ "Peleg" G5317) § Peleg = "division" son of Eber and brother of Joktan
Usage: Occurs in 7 OT verses. KJV: Peleg. See also: Genesis 10:25; Genesis 11:18; 1 Chronicles 1:25.
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.
The Hebrew word 'yom' refers to a day, which can be a literal 24-hour period or a figurative space of time. It is used in the Bible to describe a wide range of time periods, from a single day to a year or a lifetime. The word 'yom' is used in many different contexts throughout the Bible.
Definition: : day/when/time/period 1) day, time, year 1a) day (as opposed to night) 1b) day (24 hour period) 1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1 1b2) as a division of time 1b2a) a working day, a day's journey 1c) days, lifetime (pl.) 1d) time, period (general) 1e) year 1f) temporal references 1f1) today 1f2) yesterday 1f3) tomorrow
Usage: Occurs in 1930 OT verses. KJV: age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger. See also: Genesis 1:5; Genesis 33:13; Exodus 23:15.
This verb means to split or divide something, like a river or a group of people. It is used in the Bible to describe things being separated.
Definition: 1) to divide, split 1a) (Niphal) to be split, be divided 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to split, cleave 1b2) to divide Aramaic equivalent: pe.lag (פְּלַג "to divide" H6386)
Usage: Occurs in 4 OT verses. KJV: divide. See also: Genesis 10:25; Job 38:25; Psalms 55:10.
The land or earth refers to the soil or ground, and can also mean a country, territory, or region. In the Bible, it is used to describe the earth and its inhabitants, and is often translated as 'land' or 'country'.
Definition: : soil 1) land, earth 1a) earth 1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part) 1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven) 1a3) earth (inhabitants) 1b) land 1b1) country, territory 1b2) district, region 1b3) tribal territory 1b4) piece of ground 1b5) land of Canaan, Israel 1b6) inhabitants of land 1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world 1b8) city (-state) 1c) ground, surface of the earth 1c1) ground 1c2) soil 1d) (in phrases) 1d1) people of the land 1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance) 1d3) level or plain country 1d4) land of the living 1d5) end(s) of the earth 1e) (almost wholly late in usage) 1e1) lands, countries 1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
Usage: Occurs in 2190 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world. See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 18:18; Genesis 42:13.
In the Bible, a name represents a person's identity, honor, and character, like God's name symbolizing His power and authority. It appears in Genesis and other books, often referring to God's name or a person's reputation. This concept is central to understanding biblical identity.
Definition: 1) name 1a) name 1b) reputation, fame, glory 1c) the Name (as designation of God) 1d) memorial, monument Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)
Usage: Occurs in 771 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] base, (in-) fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report. See also: Genesis 2:11; Exodus 3:15; Deuteronomy 16:6.
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a brother or male sibling, but it can also refer to a close relative, friend, or someone with a similar relationship. It is used to describe the bond between brothers, like the relationship between Cain and Abel in Genesis.
Definition: : male-sibling 1) brother 1a) brother of same parents 1b) half-brother (same father) 1c) relative, kinship, same tribe 1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship) 1e) (fig.) of resemblance
Usage: Occurs in 572 OT verses. KJV: another, brother(-ly); kindred, like, other. Compare also the proper names beginning with 'Ah-' or 'Ahi-'. See also: Genesis 4:2; Genesis 42:13; Numbers 25:6.
Joktan, meaning 'smallness', was an Arabian patriarch and son of Eber. He is listed in Genesis 10:25 as the father of 13 sons, including Almodad and Sheba.
Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.25; son of: Eber (H5677); brother of: Peleg (H6389); father of: Almodad (H0486), Sheleph (H8026), Hazarmaveth (H2700), Jerah (H3392), Hadoram (H1913A), Uzal (H0187), Diklah (H1853), Obal (H5745), Abimael (H0039), Sheba (H7614H), Ophir (H0211), Havilah (H2341I) and Jobab (H3103) § Joktan = "smallness" son of Eber and descendant of Shem and patriarch of various Arabian tribes
Usage: Occurs in 6 OT verses. KJV: Joktan. See also: Genesis 10:25; 1 Chronicles 1:19; 1 Chronicles 1:23.
Context — The Semites
23The sons of Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash.
24Arphaxad was the father of Shelah, and Shelah was the father of Eber.
25Two sons were born to Eber: One was named Peleg, because in his days the earth was divided, and his brother was named Joktan.
26And Joktan was the father of Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah,
27Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) |
| 1 |
1 Chronicles 1:19 |
Two sons were born to Eber: One was named Peleg, because in his days the earth was divided, and his brother was named Joktan. |
| 2 |
Genesis 10:32 |
All these are the clans of Noah’s sons, according to their generations and nations. From these the nations of the earth spread out after the flood. |
| 3 |
Deuteronomy 32:8 |
When the Most High gave the nations their inheritance, when He divided the sons of man, He set the boundaries of the peoples according to the number of the sons of God. |
| 4 |
Luke 3:35–36 |
the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah, the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech, |
| 5 |
Acts 17:26 |
From one man He made every nation of men, that they should inhabit the whole earth; and He determined their appointed times and the boundaries of their lands. |
| 6 |
Genesis 11:16–19 |
When Eber was 34 years old, he became the father of Peleg. And after he had become the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters. When Peleg was 30 years old, he became the father of Reu. And after he had become the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters. |
| 7 |
Genesis 10:21 |
And sons were also born to Shem, the older brother of Japheth; Shem was the forefather of all the sons of Eber. |
Genesis 10:25 Summary
[Genesis 10:25 tells us about two brothers, Peleg and Joktan, who were born to Eber. Peleg was named because the earth was divided during his time, which probably refers to the Tower of Babel incident in Genesis 11:1-9. This division was a result of God's judgment on humanity's rebellion, as seen in Genesis 11:1-9. The story of Peleg and Joktan reminds us that God is in control of human history and that He often works through ordinary people and events to accomplish His purposes (Romans 8:28, Psalm 103:19).]
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the name Peleg mean and why was he named that?
The name Peleg means 'division' and he was named that because in his days the earth was divided, as stated in Genesis 10:25. This likely refers to the division of languages and people at the Tower of Babel, described in Genesis 11:1-9.
Who was Eber and why is he important in the Bible?
Eber was a descendant of Noah's son Shem, as seen in Genesis 10:24, and is an important figure in the biblical genealogy. He is also the ancestor of the Hebrew people, as stated in Genesis 11:14-17 and Numbers 24:24.
What can we learn from the naming of Peleg and Joktan?
The naming of Peleg and Joktan teaches us that the Bible often uses names to convey spiritual significance and meaning, as seen in Genesis 10:25. This practice is also seen in other biblical names, such as Isaac, which means 'laughter', in Genesis 21:3-6.
How does Genesis 10:25 fit into the larger narrative of the Bible?
Genesis 10:25 is part of the biblical account of the early descendants of Noah and the spread of humanity after the flood, as described in Genesis 10:1-32. It sets the stage for the call of Abraham and the formation of the Jewish people, as seen in Genesis 12:1-3 and Romans 4:1-25.
Reflection Questions
- What does the division of the earth in Peleg's days teach us about God's sovereignty and human history?
- How can we apply the lesson of the naming of Peleg and Joktan to our own lives and the names we give to our children?
- What does the biblical account of Eber and his sons reveal about the importance of family and genealogy in the biblical narrative?
- In what ways can we see the hand of God at work in the lives of Peleg and Joktan, and how can we apply that to our own lives?
Gill's Exposition on Genesis 10:25
And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg,.... Bochart (k) thinks, that either Peleg, or one of his posterity, in memory of him, gave the name of Phalga to a town situated on the
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Genesis 10:25
And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan. Peleg , [Septuagint, phaleg] - division. For in his days the earth was divided.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Genesis 10:25
In his days; either, 1. In the time of his birth, whence he was so called. Or, 2. Afterwards in the time of life. So his father gave him this name by the Spirit of prophecy, foreseeing this great event, and the time of it; this being no unusual thing in Scripture, as we shall hereafter see, to give prophetical names to children. And thus there is a longer and more convenient space left for the peopling of the world, and ripening of things for the general dispersion and habitation of the earth. The earth was divided, first in language, and then in habitations.
Trapp's Commentary on Genesis 10:25
Genesis 10:25 And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one [was] Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother’ s name [was] Joktan.Ver. 25. Peleg, for in his days was the earth divided.] Eber, of whom came the Hebrews or Israelites, that he might have before his eyes a perpetual monument of God’ s just displeasure against the ambitious Babel builders, calls his son Peleg, or Division, because in his days was the earth divided. It is good to write the remembrance of God’ s worthy works, whether of mercy or justice, upon the names of our children, or otherwise as we can best, to put us in mind of them; for we need all help; such is either our dulness or forgetfulness. What was it else that made David so often to put the thorn to his breast? And why would God have the plates of the censers of those sinners against their own souls, to be a covering to the altar, but to be a memorial to the children of Israel, that no stranger come near to offer incense, that he be not as Korah and his company, &c.?
Ellicott's Commentary on Genesis 10:25
(25) Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided.—This may refer to the breaking up of the race of Shem into separate nations, which severally occupied a distinct region; and so, while Joktan took Arabia, and in course of time expelled the Hamites from that country, Asshur, Aram, and Peleg occupied the regions on the north and north-west. But as Peleg, according to the Tôldôth Shem, was born only 101 years after the flood, Noah’s family could scarcely have multiplied in so short a time to as many as 500 people; and Mr. Cyril Graham considers that the name refers to “the first cutting of some of those canals which are found in such numbers between the Tigris and the Euphrates.” This is made more probable by the fact that Peleg in Hebrew means water-course.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Genesis 10:25
Verse 25. Peleg] From פלג palag, to divide, because in his days, which is supposed to be about one hundred years after the flood, the earth was divided among the sons of Noah. Though some are of opinion that a physical division, and not a political one, is what is intended here, viz., a separation of continents and islands from the main land; the earthy parts having been united into one great continent previously to the days of Peleg. This opinion appears to me the most likely, for what is said, Genesis 10:5, is spoken by way of anticipation.
Cambridge Bible on Genesis 10:25
25. Peleg] R.V. marg. That is, Division. His descendants are not recorded. In Genesis 11:18-23 (P) Peleg is the father of Reu, the father of Serug, the father of Nahor. Eber’s two sons, Peleg and Joktan, apparently represent the two divisions of Shemites, Peleg the northern or Mesopotamian, Joktan the southern or Arabian. was the earth divided] The reference is generally assumed to be to the division, or dispersion, of the peoples at the tower of Babel, the words being an anticipation of the story in Genesis 11:1-9. “The earth” will then mean “the inhabitants of the earth,” as in Genesis 11:1 and Genesis 19:31. Sayce, on the strength of palgu being Assyrian for “canal,” would conjecture “the division of the earth” to signify the introduction of a system of canals into Babylonia during the reign of Hammurabi. Perhaps, however, the name Peleg may indicate the historic “severance” of the northern Shemites from their southern brethren. Joktan] The genealogy of Eber’s elder son, Peleg, is here omitted, evidently because the compiler is giving the descendants of Peleg in Genesis 11:18 from P; in which passage Joktan’s name is not mentioned. The thirteen sons of Joktan probably represent tribes in Arabia.
The division of the population into tribes, continually warring with each other, has always been a feature of the Arabian Peninsula. Dillmann suggests that one name has been interpolated; and that, as in the case of Israel, the number of tribes was originally twelve. Obal’s name is omitted in some MSS. of LXX. Most of their names have been, with more or less reason, identified with places in Arabia, for details of which the student should consult the dictionaries. Sheleph] The name of a tribe, or region, in the Yemen, or southern Arabia.
Whedon's Commentary on Genesis 10:25
25. Peleg — Division, relating, it is generally thought, to the division of tongues which the narrator immediately proceeds to describe in the next chapter, but Knobel makes it refer to the division
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