Isaiah 13:9
Isaiah 13:9 in Multiple Translations
Behold, the Day of the LORD is coming— cruel, with fury and burning anger— to make the earth a desolation and to destroy the sinners within it.
Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and he shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it.
Behold, the day of Jehovah cometh, cruel, with wrath and fierce anger; to make the land a desolation, and to destroy the sinners thereof out of it.
See, the day of the Lord is coming, cruel, with wrath and burning passion: to make the land a waste, driving the sinners in it to destruction.
Look! The day of the Lord is coming—cruel, with fury and fierce anger—to devastate the land and to wipe out its sinners.
Beholde, the day of the Lord commeth, cruel, with wrath and fierce anger to lay the land wast: and he shall destroy the sinners out of it.
Lo, the day of Jehovah doth come, Fierce, with wrath, and heat of anger, To make the land become a desolation, Yea, its sinning ones He destroyeth from it.
Behold, the day of the LORD comes, cruel, with wrath and fierce anger; to make the land a desolation, and to destroy its sinners out of it.
Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and he will destroy its sinners out of it.
Behold, the day of the Lord shall come, a cruel day, and full of indignation, and of wrath, and fury, to lay the land desolate, and to destroy the sinners thereof out of it.
Listen to this: The day that Yahweh has appointed/chosen is near, the day that he will furiously and fiercely punish you because he is very angry with you. He will cause your land of Babylonia to be desolate/barren, and he will destroy all the sinners in it.
Berean Amplified Bible — Isaiah 13:9
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Isaiah 13:9 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
הִנֵּ֤ה
יוֹם
יְהוָה֙
בָּ֔א
אַכְזָרִ֥י
וְ/עֶבְרָ֖ה
וַ/חֲר֣וֹן
אָ֑ף
לָ/שׂ֤וּם
הָ/אָ֨רֶץ֙
לְ/שַׁמָּ֔ה
וְ/חַטָּאֶ֖י/הָ
יַשְׁמִ֥יד
מִמֶּֽ/נָּה
הִנֵּ֤ה
hinnêh
H2009
behold
Part
יוֹם
yôwm
H3117
day
N-ms
יְהוָה֙
Yᵉhôvâh
H3068
The Lord
N-proper
בָּ֔א
bôwʼ
H935
Lebo
V-Qal-Perf-3ms
אַכְזָרִ֥י
ʼakzârîy
H394
cruel
Adj
וְ/עֶבְרָ֖ה
ʻebrâh
H5678
fury
Conj | N-fs
וַ/חֲר֣וֹן
chârôwn
H2740
burning anger
Conj | N-ms
אָ֑ף
ʼaph
H639
face
N-ms
לָ/שׂ֤וּם
sûwm
H7760
to set
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
הָ/אָ֨רֶץ֙
ʼerets
H776
land
Art | N-cs
לְ/שַׁמָּ֔ה
shammâh
H8047
horror
Prep | N-fs
וְ/חַטָּאֶ֖י/הָ
chaṭṭâʼ
H2400
sinner
Conj | Adj | Suff
יַשְׁמִ֥יד
shâmad
H8045
to destroy
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms
מִמֶּֽ/נָּה
min
H4480
from
Prep | Suff
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Isaiah 13:9
הִנֵּ֤ה
hinnêh
H2009
"behold"
Part
This Hebrew word is an expression that means 'behold' or 'look', often used to draw attention to something. It appears in Genesis and Isaiah, and is translated as 'behold' or 'lo' in the KJV.
Definition: behold, lo, see, if
Usage: Occurs in 799 OT verses. KJV: behold, lo, see. See also: Genesis 1:29; Genesis 42:35; Deuteronomy 19:18.
יוֹם
yôwm
H3117
"day"
N-ms
The Hebrew word 'yom' refers to a day, which can be a literal 24-hour period or a figurative space of time. It is used in the Bible to describe a wide range of time periods, from a single day to a year or a lifetime. The word 'yom' is used in many different contexts throughout the Bible.
Definition: : day/when/time/period 1) day, time, year 1a) day (as opposed to night) 1b) day (24 hour period) 1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1 1b2) as a division of time 1b2a) a working day, a day's journey 1c) days, lifetime (pl.) 1d) time, period (general) 1e) year 1f) temporal references 1f1) today 1f2) yesterday 1f3) tomorrow
Usage: Occurs in 1930 OT verses. KJV: age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger. See also: Genesis 1:5; Genesis 33:13; Exodus 23:15.
יְהוָה֙
Yᵉhôvâh
H3068
"The Lord"
N-proper
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Definition: Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
Usage: Occurs in 5522 OT verses. KJV: Jehovah, the Lord. Compare H3050 (יָהּ), H3069 (יְהֹוִה). See also: Genesis 2:4; Genesis 24:42; Exodus 8:8.
בָּ֔א
bôwʼ
H935
"Lebo"
V-Qal-Perf-3ms
This verb means to go or come, and is used in many contexts, such as entering a place or approaching someone, as seen in the book of Genesis. It can also mean to abide or apply, and is translated in various ways in the KJV Bible. This term is related to the name Lebo Hamath.
Definition: A shortened name of Lebo Hamath complined withcha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574) This name means to go in, enter
Usage: Occurs in 2307 OT verses. KJV: abide, apply, attain, [idiom] be, befall, [phrase] besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, [idiom] certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out, upon, to pass), depart, [idiom] doubtless again, [phrase] eat, [phrase] employ, (cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be fallen, fetch, [phrase] follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war), grant, [phrase] have, [idiom] indeed, (in-) vade, lead, lift (up), mention, pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, [idiom] (well) stricken (in age), [idiom] surely, take (in), way. See also: Genesis 2:19; Genesis 32:7; Exodus 1:19.
אַכְזָרִ֥י
ʼakzârîy
H394
"cruel"
Adj
This Hebrew word means cruel, describing someone who is harsh or unkind. It appears in the Bible to describe cruel people. The KJV translates it as cruel.
Definition: cruel
Usage: Occurs in 8 OT verses. KJV: cruel (one). See also: Proverbs 5:9; Isaiah 13:9; Proverbs 11:17.
וְ/עֶבְרָ֖ה
ʻebrâh
H5678
"fury"
Conj | N-fs
This Hebrew word means an outburst of passion, such as anger, rage, or wrath, often describing God's response to sin. It's used to convey intense emotions in the Bible.
Definition: 1) outpouring, overflow, excess, fury, wrath, arrogance 1a) overflow, excess, outburst 1b) arrogance 1c) overflowing rage or fury
Usage: Occurs in 34 OT verses. KJV: anger, rage, wrath. See also: Genesis 49:7; Isaiah 14:6; Psalms 7:7.
וַ/חֲר֣וֹן
chârôwn
H2740
"burning anger"
Conj | N-ms
This Hebrew word describes God's burning anger or fierce wrath, often used in the Bible to convey His intense emotions. It is used to describe God's anger towards sin and disobedience, and appears in various translations as sore displeasure or fury. This word emphasizes the seriousness of God's emotions.
Definition: 1) anger, heat, burning (of anger) 1a) always used of God's anger
Usage: Occurs in 40 OT verses. KJV: sore displeasure, fierce(-ness), fury, (fierce) wrath(-ful). See also: Exodus 15:7; Psalms 88:17; Psalms 2:5.
אָ֑ף
ʼaph
H639
"face"
N-ms
This Hebrew word can mean face, but also anger or nose. It is used to describe someone's countenance or emotions, like anger or patience. In the Bible, it appears in various contexts, including descriptions of God's emotions.
Definition: : face 1) nostril, nose, face 2) anger
Usage: Occurs in 269 OT verses. KJV: anger(-gry), [phrase] before, countenance, face, [phrase] forebearing, forehead, [phrase] (long-) suffering, nose, nostril, snout, [idiom] worthy, wrath. See also: Genesis 2:7; Nehemiah 8:6; Psalms 2:5.
לָ/שׂ֤וּם
sûwm
H7760
"to set"
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
This Hebrew word means to put or place something, and is used in many different ways in the Bible, such as to appoint or determine something. It is first used in Genesis to describe God's creation. In the KJV, it is translated as 'appoint' or 'set' in various contexts.
Definition: : make/establish 1) to put, place, set, appoint, make 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to put, set, lay, put or lay upon, lay (violent) hands on 1a2) to set, direct, direct toward 1a2a) to extend (compassion) (fig) 1a3) to set, ordain, establish, found, appoint, constitute, make, determine, fix 1a4) to set, station, put, set in place, plant, fix 1a5) to make, make for, transform into, constitute, fashion, work, bring to pass, appoint, give 1b) (Hiphil) to set or make for a sign 1c) (Hophal) to be set
Usage: Occurs in 550 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] any wise, appoint, bring, call (a name), care, cast in, change, charge, commit, consider, convey, determine, [phrase] disguise, dispose, do, get, give, heap up, hold, impute, lay (down, up), leave, look, make (out), mark, [phrase] name, [idiom] on, ordain, order, [phrase] paint, place, preserve, purpose, put (on), [phrase] regard, rehearse, reward, (cause to) set (on, up), shew, [phrase] stedfastly, take, [idiom] tell, [phrase] tread down, (over-)turn, [idiom] wholly, work. See also: Genesis 2:8; Leviticus 20:5; 1 Samuel 21:13.
הָ/אָ֨רֶץ֙
ʼerets
H776
"land"
Art | N-cs
The land or earth refers to the soil or ground, and can also mean a country, territory, or region. In the Bible, it is used to describe the earth and its inhabitants, and is often translated as 'land' or 'country'.
Definition: : soil 1) land, earth 1a) earth 1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part) 1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven) 1a3) earth (inhabitants) 1b) land 1b1) country, territory 1b2) district, region 1b3) tribal territory 1b4) piece of ground 1b5) land of Canaan, Israel 1b6) inhabitants of land 1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world 1b8) city (-state) 1c) ground, surface of the earth 1c1) ground 1c2) soil 1d) (in phrases) 1d1) people of the land 1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance) 1d3) level or plain country 1d4) land of the living 1d5) end(s) of the earth 1e) (almost wholly late in usage) 1e1) lands, countries 1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
Usage: Occurs in 2190 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world. See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 18:18; Genesis 42:13.
לְ/שַׁמָּ֔ה
shammâh
H8047
"horror"
Prep | N-fs
Shammâh refers to a state of horror or ruin, often describing a waste or desolate land. It can also mean consternation or appalment, and is used in the Bible to describe the aftermath of war or disaster.
Definition: : destroyed/waste 1) waste, horror, appalment 1a) a waste (of land, city, etc) 1b) appalment, horror Also means: sham.mah (שַׁמָּה ": appalled" H8047H)
Usage: Occurs in 39 OT verses. KJV: astonishment, desolate(-ion), waste, wonderful thing. See also: Deuteronomy 28:37; Jeremiah 29:18; Psalms 46:9.
וְ/חַטָּאֶ֖י/הָ
chaṭṭâʼ
H2400
"sinner"
Conj | Adj | Suff
This word describes someone who has committed a crime or sin, making them guilty. It is used to describe those who have broken God's laws. The KJV translates it as 'offender' or 'sinner'.
Definition: 1) sinners adj 2) sinful 3) exposed to condemnation, reckoned as offenders
Usage: Occurs in 19 OT verses. KJV: offender, sinful, sinner. See also: Genesis 13:13; Psalms 51:15; Psalms 1:1.
יַשְׁמִ֥יד
shâmad
H8045
"to destroy"
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms
The Hebrew word shâmad means to destroy or desolate something, used to describe annihilation or devastation. It is used in the Bible to describe the destruction of cities or nations, such as in the book of Isaiah.
Definition: 1) to destroy, exterminate, be destroyed, be exterminated 1a) (Niphal) 1a1) to be annihilated, be exterminated 1a2) to be destroyed, be devastated 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to annihilate, exterminate 1b2) to destroy Aramaic equivalent: she.mad (שְׁמַד "to destroy" H8046)
Usage: Occurs in 86 OT verses. KJV: destory(-uction), bring to nought, overthrow, perish, pluck down, [idiom] utterly. See also: Genesis 34:30; 2 Samuel 22:38; Psalms 37:38.
מִמֶּֽ/נָּה
min
H4480
"from"
Prep | Suff
This Hebrew word means a portion or part of something, and is often used to show the relationship between things, like from or out of something.
Definition: prep 1) from, out of, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not, more than 1a) from (expressing separation), off, on the side of 1b) out of 1b1) (with verbs of proceeding, removing, expelling) 1b2) (of material from which something is made) 1b3) (of source or origin) 1c) out of, some of, from (partitively) 1d) from, since, after (of time) 1e) than, more than (in comparison) 1f) from...even to, both...and, either...or 1g) than, more than, too much for (in comparisons) 1h) from, on account of, through, because (with infinitive) conj 2) that Aramaic equivalent: min (מִן־ "from" H4481)
Usage: Occurs in 1094 OT verses. KJV: above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason of), from (among), in, [idiom] neither, [idiom] nor, (out) of, over, since, [idiom] then, through, [idiom] whether, with. See also: Genesis 2:6; Exodus 16:32; Leviticus 14:26.
Study Notes — Isaiah 13:9
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Isaiah 13:9 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Isaiah 13:9
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Isaiah 13:9
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Isaiah 13:9
- Trapp's Commentary on Isaiah 13:9
- Cambridge Bible on Isaiah 13:9
- Barnes' Notes on Isaiah 13:9
- Whedon's Commentary on Isaiah 13:9
- Sermons on Isaiah 13:9
Context — The Burden against Babylon
7Therefore all hands will fall limp, and every man’s heart will melt.
8Terror, pain, and anguish will seize them; they will writhe like a woman in labor. They will look at one another, their faces flushed with fear.
9Behold, the Day of the LORD is coming— cruel, with fury and burning anger— to make the earth a desolation and to destroy the sinners within it.
10For the stars of heaven and their constellations will not give their light. The rising sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light. 11I will punish the world for its evil and the wicked for their iniquity. I will end the haughtiness of the arrogant and lay low the pride of the ruthless.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nahum 1:6 | Who can withstand His indignation? Who can endure His burning anger? His wrath is poured out like fire; even rocks are shattered before Him. |
| 2 | Malachi 4:1 | “For behold, the day is coming, burning like a furnace, when all the arrogant and every evildoer will be stubble; the day is coming when I will set them ablaze,” says the LORD of Hosts. “Not a root or branch will be left to them.” |
| 3 | Isaiah 13:15–18 | Whoever is caught will be stabbed, and whoever is captured will die by the sword. Their infants will be dashed to pieces before their eyes, their houses will be looted, and their wives will be ravished. Behold, I will stir up against them the Medes, who have no regard for silver and no desire for gold. Their bows will dash young men to pieces; they will have no mercy on the fruit of the womb; they will not look with pity on the children. |
| 4 | Isaiah 13:6 | Wail, for the Day of the LORD is near; it will come as destruction from the Almighty. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 50:40–42 | As God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah along with their neighbors,” declares the LORD, “no one will dwell there; no man will abide there. Behold, an army is coming from the north; a great nation and many kings are stirred up from the ends of the earth. They grasp the bow and spear; they are cruel and merciless. Their voice roars like the sea, and they ride upon horses, lined up like men in formation against you, O Daughter of Babylon. |
| 6 | Jeremiah 6:22–23 | This is what the LORD says: “Behold, an army is coming from the land of the north; a great nation is stirred up from the ends of the earth. They grasp the bow and spear; they are cruel and merciless. Their voice roars like the sea, and they ride upon horses, lined up like men in formation against you, O Daughter of Zion.” |
| 7 | Isaiah 47:10–15 | You were secure in your wickedness; you said, ‘No one sees me.’ Your wisdom and knowledge led you astray; you told yourself, ‘I am, and there is none besides me.’ But disaster will come upon you; you will not know how to charm it away. A calamity will befall you that you will be unable to ward off. Devastation will happen to you suddenly and unexpectedly. So take your stand with your spells and with your many sorceries, with which you have wearied yourself from your youth. Perhaps you will succeed; perhaps you will inspire terror! You are wearied by your many counselors; let them come forward now and save you— your astrologers who observe the stars, who monthly predict your fate. Surely they are like stubble; the fire will burn them up. They cannot deliver themselves from the power of the flame. There will be no coals to warm them or fire to sit beside. This is what they are to you— those with whom you have labored and traded from youth— each one strays in his own direction; not one of them can save you. |
| 8 | Revelation 17:16–17 | And the ten horns and the beast that you saw will hate the prostitute. They will leave her desolate and naked, and will eat her flesh and burn her with fire. For God has put it into their hearts to carry out His purpose by uniting to give their kingdom to the beast, until the words of God are fulfilled. |
| 9 | Psalms 104:35 | May sinners vanish from the earth and the wicked be no more. Bless the LORD, O my soul. Hallelujah! |
| 10 | Nahum 1:2 | The LORD is a jealous and avenging God; the LORD is avenging and full of wrath. The LORD takes vengeance on His foes and reserves wrath for His enemies. |
Isaiah 13:9 Summary
[The Day of the LORD is a time when God will judge the world and punish those who have rejected Him, as described in Isaiah 13:9. This day will be a time of great darkness and destruction, but it will also be a time of salvation for those who have put their trust in Jesus Christ (Romans 10:9-10). We can prepare for this day by turning to God and living a life of obedience and faithfulness to Him. By doing so, we can have confidence that we will be spared from God's wrath and will inherit eternal life (1 Thessalonians 5:9-10).]
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Day of the LORD mentioned in Isaiah 13:9?
The Day of the LORD is a time of God's judgment and wrath, as seen in Isaiah 13:9, where it is described as cruel, with fury and burning anger, similar to the day of judgment described in Joel 2:31 and Amos 5:18-20.
Who are the sinners that will be destroyed in Isaiah 13:9?
The sinners referred to in Isaiah 13:9 are those who have rejected God and refused to turn from their wicked ways, as described in Romans 1:18-32 and Psalm 7:11, and will face God's judgment and wrath.
Is the desolation mentioned in Isaiah 13:9 a permanent condition?
While Isaiah 13:9 does describe the earth as being made a desolation, other scriptures like Isaiah 65:17 and Revelation 21:1-4 indicate that God will one day restore the earth and create a new heaven and a new earth.
How can we prepare for the Day of the LORD mentioned in Isaiah 13:9?
We can prepare for the Day of the LORD by repenting of our sins, turning to God, and trusting in Jesus Christ as our Lord and Savior, as described in Acts 2:21 and Romans 10:9-10, and by living a life of obedience and faithfulness to Him.
Reflection Questions
- What are some ways that I can prepare my heart for the Day of the LORD, and how can I ensure that I am living a life that is pleasing to God?
- How does the description of the Day of the LORD in Isaiah 13:9 make me feel, and what does it reveal to me about God's character and His hatred of sin?
- What are some areas of my life where I need to repent and turn to God, and how can I seek His forgiveness and restoration?
- How can I share the message of the Day of the LORD with others, and what are some ways that I can encourage them to prepare for this coming day of judgment?
Gill's Exposition on Isaiah 13:9
Behold, the day of the Lord cometh,.... Or "is come" (e); said in Isaiah 13:6 to be at hand, but now it is represented in prophecy as already come: cruel both with wrath and fierce anger; which,
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Isaiah 13:9
Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and he shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Isaiah 13:9
Cruel both with wrath and fierce anger; divers words are heaped together, to signify the extremity of his anger. The sinners thereof; the inhabitants of that city, who were guilty of so much idolatry and cruelty, and all sorts of luxury.
Trapp's Commentary on Isaiah 13:9
Isaiah 13:9 Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and he shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it.Ver. 9. Behold the day of the Lord cometh cruel.] So it shall seem to the enemies, because "an evil, an only evil, behold, is come," without mixture of mercy.
Cambridge Bible on Isaiah 13:9
9–16. The middle division of the prophecy enlarges on the nature, purpose and effects of this day of Jehovah.
Barnes' Notes on Isaiah 13:9
The day of the Lord cometh - See Isaiah 13:6. Cruel - (אכזרי 'akezārı̂y). This does not mean that “God” is cruel, but that the ‘day of Yahweh’ that was coming should be unsparing and destructive to them.
Whedon's Commentary on Isaiah 13:9
9, 10. Day of the Lord cometh — The meaning the same as in Isaiah 13:6. Cruel — Applied to “day,” etc., and means, rather, terrible, inexorable; a judgment so viewed abstractly, and to human view.
Sermons on Isaiah 13:9
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
|
The Day of the Lord by John F. Walvoord | John F. Walvoord delves into 1 Thessalonians 5:1-11, exploring the profound subject of the Day of the Lord. This passage unveils the impending events that will unfold globally, emp |
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Two Exhortations to Theodore After His Fall - Part 1 by St. John Chrysostom | John Chrysostom preaches about the importance of repentance and the eternal consequences of our choices. He emphasizes the severity of exclusion from the glory of the other world a |
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November 13. 1678. the Angelical Key. by Jane Lead | Jane Lead delves into a vision where she contemplates the approaching Day of God, a time of great turmoil and divine judgment. She seeks to understand how to secure the physical bo |
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They Will Not Believe It Until They Feel It! by Thomas Brooks | Thomas Brooks emphasizes the urgency of fleeing from the coming wrath of God, which is the greatest evil that can befall a soul. He warns that many will not believe in this wrath u |
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The Wrath to Come by C.H. Spurgeon | C.H. Spurgeon delivers a powerful sermon titled 'The Wrath to Come,' emphasizing the contrast between the peace experienced by Christians and the impending judgment awaiting sinner |
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His Wrath by Catherine Booth | Catherine Booth preaches about the impending great day of God's wrath, drawing parallels to past instances of divine judgment such as the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, the flo |
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The Anger and the Goodness. by Horatius Bonar | Horatius Bonar emphasizes the duality of God's nature, focusing on His anger and goodness as depicted in Nahum 1:6-7. He explains that God's anger is real, righteous, dreadful, and |