Numbers 27:17

Numbers 27:17 in Multiple Translations

Berean Standard Bible BSB

who will go out and come in before them, and who will lead them out and bring them in, so that the congregation of the LORD will not be like sheep without a shepherd.”

King James Version KJV

Which may go out before them, and which may go in before them, and which may lead them out, and which may bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD be not as sheep which have no shepherd.

American Standard Version ASV

who may go out before them, and who may come in before them, and who may lead them out, and who may bring them in; that the congregation of Jehovah be not as sheep which have no shepherd.

Bible in Basic English BBE

To go out and come in before them and be their guide; so that the people of the Lord may not be like sheep without a keeper.

Free Bible Version FBV

who will tell them what to do and show them where to go, so that the people of the Lord won't be like sheep without a shepherd.”

Geneva Bible 1599 GNV

Who may goe out and in before them, and leade them out and in, that the Congregation of the Lord be not as sheepe, which haue not a shepheard.

Young's Literal Translation YLT

who goeth out before them, and who cometh in before them, and who taketh them out, and who bringeth them in, and the company of Jehovah is not as sheep which have no shepherd.'

World English Bible WEB

who may go out before them, and who may come in before them, and who may lead them out, and who may bring them in, that the congregation of the LORD may not be as sheep which have no shepherd.”

Noah Webster Bible WBS

Who may go out before them, and who may go in before them, and who may lead them out, and who may bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD be not as sheep which have no shepherd.

Douay-Rheims 1899 DRV

And may go out and in before them, and may lead them out, or bring them in: lest the people of the Lord be as sheep without a shepherd.

Translation for Translators T4T

Appoint someone who will lead your people when they go to fight a battle, so that they will not just wander around like sheep that do not have a shepherd.” [SIM]

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Berean Amplified Bible — Numbers 27:17

BAB

Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Numbers 27:17 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB

HEB אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵ֣א לִ/פְנֵי/הֶ֗ם וַ/אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָבֹא֙ לִ/פְנֵי/הֶ֔ם וַ/אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוֹצִיאֵ֖/ם וַ/אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְבִיאֵ֑/ם וְ/לֹ֤א תִהְיֶה֙ עֲדַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה כַּ/צֹּ֕אן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין לָ/הֶ֖ם רֹעֶֽה

אֲשֶׁר ʼăsher H834 which Rel

יֵצֵ֣א yâtsâʼ H3318 to come out V-Qal-Imperf-3ms

לִ/פְנֵי/הֶ֗ם pânîym H6440 face Prep | N-cp | Suff

וַ/אֲשֶׁ֤ר ʼăsher H834 which Conj | Rel

יָבֹא֙ bôwʼ H935 Lebo V-Qal-Imperf-3ms

לִ/פְנֵי/הֶ֔ם pânîym H6440 face Prep | N-cp | Suff

וַ/אֲשֶׁ֥ר ʼăsher H834 which Conj | Rel

יוֹצִיאֵ֖/ם yâtsâʼ H3318 to come out V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms | Suff

וַ/אֲשֶׁ֣ר ʼăsher H834 which Conj | Rel

יְבִיאֵ֑/ם bôwʼ H935 Lebo V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms | Suff

וְ/לֹ֤א lôʼ H3808 not Conj | Part

תִהְיֶה֙ hâyâh H1961 to be V-Qal-Imperf-3fs

עֲדַ֣ת ʻêdâh H5712 congregation N-fs

יְהוָ֔ה Yᵉhôvâh H3068 The Lord N-proper

כַּ/צֹּ֕אן tsôʼn H6629 Sheep (Gate) Prep | N-cs

אֲשֶׁ֥ר ʼăsher H834 which Rel

אֵין ʼayin H369 nothing Part

לָ/הֶ֖ם Prep | Suff

רֹעֶֽה râʻâh H7462 House of Shepherds V-Qal

Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — Numbers 27:17

אֲשֶׁר ʼăsher H834 "which" Rel

This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.

Definition: A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when

Usage: Occurs in 4440 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:16.

יֵצֵ֣א yâtsâʼ H3318 "to come out" V-Qal-Imperf-3ms

In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to go out or come out, and it's used in many different ways, like leaving a place or starting a new journey, as seen in Genesis and Exodus.

Definition: : come/go_out/escape 1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart 1a2) to go forth (to a place) 1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something) 1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result) 1a5) to come out of 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out 1b2) to bring out of 1b3) to lead out 1b4) to deliver 1c) (Hophal) to be brought out or forth

Usage: Occurs in 991 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, appear, [idiom] assuredly, bear out, [idiom] begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come (abroad, out, thereat, without), [phrase] be condemned, depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact, fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence, out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out), going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out, lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, [idiom] scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring out, stand out, [idiom] still, [idiom] surely, take forth (out), at any time, [idiom] to (and fro), utter. See also: Genesis 1:12; Exodus 9:33; Leviticus 26:45.

לִ/פְנֵי/הֶ֗ם pânîym H6440 "face" Prep | N-cp | Suff

This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.

Definition: : face 1) face 1a) face, faces 1b) presence, person 1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim) 1d) face (of animals) 1e) face, surface (of ground) 1f) as adv of loc/temp 1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before 1g) with prep 1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

Usage: Occurs in 1891 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 43:31; Exodus 30:16.

וַ/אֲשֶׁ֤ר ʼăsher H834 "which" Conj | Rel

This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.

יָבֹא֙ bôwʼ H935 "Lebo" V-Qal-Imperf-3ms

This verb means to go or come, and is used in many contexts, such as entering a place or approaching someone, as seen in the book of Genesis. It can also mean to abide or apply, and is translated in various ways in the KJV Bible. This term is related to the name Lebo Hamath.

Definition: A shortened name of Lebo Hamath complined withcha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574) This name means to go in, enter

Usage: Occurs in 2307 OT verses. KJV: abide, apply, attain, [idiom] be, befall, [phrase] besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, [idiom] certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out, upon, to pass), depart, [idiom] doubtless again, [phrase] eat, [phrase] employ, (cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be fallen, fetch, [phrase] follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war), grant, [phrase] have, [idiom] indeed, (in-) vade, lead, lift (up), mention, pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, [idiom] (well) stricken (in age), [idiom] surely, take (in), way. See also: Genesis 2:19; Genesis 32:7; Exodus 1:19.

לִ/פְנֵי/הֶ֔ם pânîym H6440 "face" Prep | N-cp | Suff

This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.

וַ/אֲשֶׁ֥ר ʼăsher H834 "which" Conj | Rel

This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.

יוֹצִיאֵ֖/ם yâtsâʼ H3318 "to come out" V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms | Suff

In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to go out or come out, and it's used in many different ways, like leaving a place or starting a new journey, as seen in Genesis and Exodus.

וַ/אֲשֶׁ֣ר ʼăsher H834 "which" Conj | Rel

This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.

יְבִיאֵ֑/ם bôwʼ H935 "Lebo" V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms | Suff

Definition: A shortened name of Lebo Hamath complined withcha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574) This name means to go in, enter

וְ/לֹ֤א lôʼ H3808 "not" Conj | Part

The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.

Definition: 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Usage: Occurs in 3967 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without. See also: Genesis 2:5; Genesis 31:15; Exodus 4:9.

תִהְיֶה֙ hâyâh H1961 "to be" V-Qal-Imperf-3fs

The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.

Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.

עֲדַ֣ת ʻêdâh H5712 "congregation" N-fs

In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a gathering of people, like a congregation or crowd, often referring to a group of Israelites. It is used in various books, including Exodus and Psalms. The word is about people coming together.

Definition: congregation, gathering

Usage: Occurs in 140 OT verses. KJV: assembly, company, congregation, multitude, people, swarm. Compare H5713 (עֵדָה). See also: Exodus 12:3; Numbers 20:1; Psalms 1:5.

יְהוָ֔ה Yᵉhôvâh H3068 "The Lord" N-proper

Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.

Definition: Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Usage: Occurs in 5522 OT verses. KJV: Jehovah, the Lord. Compare H3050 (יָהּ), H3069 (יְהֹוִה). See also: Genesis 2:4; Genesis 24:42; Exodus 8:8.

כַּ/צֹּ֕אן tsôʼn H6629 "Sheep (Gate)" Prep | N-cs

This word refers to a flock of sheep or goats, and is sometimes used to describe people in a figurative sense. It is also associated with the Sheep Gate in Jerusalem, a significant location in biblical times.

Definition: This name means sheep and goats Also named: probatikos (προβατικός "Sheep Gate" G4262)

Usage: Occurs in 247 OT verses. KJV: (small) cattle, flock ([phrase] -s), lamb ([phrase] -s), sheep(-cote, -fold, -shearer, -herds). See also: Genesis 4:2; Deuteronomy 28:31; Psalms 44:12.

אֲשֶׁ֥ר ʼăsher H834 "which" Rel

This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.

אֵין ʼayin H369 "nothing" Part

This word means nothing or not, often used to indicate the absence of something, as in Genesis 1:2 where the earth was without form. It emphasizes the idea of something lacking or non-existent.

Definition: 1) nothing, not, nought n 1a) nothing, nought neg 1b) not 1c) to have not (of possession) adv 1d) without w/prep 1e) for lack of

Usage: Occurs in 686 OT verses. KJV: else, except, fail, (father-) less, be gone, in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any, thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable), well-nigh, without. Compare H370 (אַיִן). See also: Genesis 2:5; Deuteronomy 14:27; 1 Kings 15:22.

לָ/הֶ֖ם "" Prep | Suff

רֹעֶֽה râʻâh H7462 "House of Shepherds" V-Qal

This verb means to care for or tend to someone or something, like a shepherd with his flock. It can also mean to rule over or associate with someone as a friend, and is sometimes used to describe a close relationship.

Definition: Ra'ah = "pasturing" perh. "binding-house of the shepherds"

Usage: Occurs in 139 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] break, companion, keep company with, devour, eat up, evil entreat, feed, use as a friend, make friendship with, herdman, keep (sheep) (-er), pastor, [phrase] shearing house, shepherd, wander, waste. See also: Genesis 4:2; Isaiah 40:11; Psalms 23:1.

Study Notes — Numbers 27:17

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Context
Cross References
Numbers 27:17 Summary
Frequently Asked Questions
Reflection Questions
Gill's Exposition on Numbers 27:17
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Numbers 27:17
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Numbers 27:17
Ellicott's Commentary on Numbers 27:17
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Numbers 27:17
Cambridge Bible on Numbers 27:17
Whedon's Commentary on Numbers 27:17
Sermons on Numbers 27:17

Context — Moses Requests a Successor

15So Moses appealed to the LORD, 16“May the LORD, the God of the spirits of all flesh, appoint a man over the congregation

17who will go out and come in before them, and who will lead them out and bring them in, so that the congregation of the LORD will not be like sheep without a shepherd.”

18And the LORD replied to Moses, “Take Joshua son of Nun, a man with the Spirit in him, and lay your hands on him. 19Have him stand before Eleazar the priest and the whole congregation, and commission him in their sight.

Cross References

	Reference	Text (BSB)
1	Ezekiel 34:5	They were scattered for lack of a shepherd, and when they were scattered they became food for all the wild beasts.
2	Mark 6:34	When Jesus stepped ashore and saw a large crowd, He had compassion on them, because they were like sheep without a shepherd. And He began to teach them many things.
3	1 Kings 22:17	So Micaiah declared: “I saw all Israel scattered on the hills like sheep without a shepherd. And the LORD said, ‘These people have no master; let each one return home in peace.’”
4	Zechariah 10:2	For idols speak deceit and diviners see illusions; they tell false dreams and offer empty comfort. Therefore the people wander like sheep, oppressed for lack of a shepherd.
5	Matthew 9:36	When He saw the crowds, He was moved with compassion for them, because they were harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd.
6	Deuteronomy 31:2	he said to them, “I am now a hundred and twenty years old; I am no longer able to come and go, and the LORD has said to me, ‘You shall not cross the Jordan.’
7	2 Chronicles 1:10	Now grant me wisdom and knowledge, so that I may lead this people. For who is able to govern this great people of Yours?”
8	1 Kings 3:7	And now, O LORD my God, You have made Your servant king in my father David’s place. But I am only a little child, not knowing how to go out or come in.
9	1 Samuel 18:13	Therefore Saul sent David away and gave him command of a thousand men. David led the troops out to battle and back,
10	1 Samuel 8:20	Then we will be like all the other nations, with a king to judge us, to go out before us, and to fight our battles.”

Numbers 27:17 Summary

This verse is talking about the importance of having a leader who can guide and care for God's people, just like a shepherd takes care of his sheep. Moses is asking God to appoint a new leader who can lead the people in battle and in times of peace, so that they won't be lost or scattered, as we see in Deuteronomy 31:7-8. This new leader will help the people follow God's commands and stay close to Him, just like Jesus teaches in John 10:11. By having a leader like this, the people will be safe and guided, and they will be able to fulfill their purpose as God's people, as seen in Ephesians 4:11-12.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does it mean for a leader to 'go out and come in' before the people?

This phrase means to lead the people in battle and to guide them in times of peace, as seen in the leadership of Moses in the book of Exodus and the leadership of Joshua in the book of Joshua, where they led the people in battle and guided them in their daily lives, as instructed by God in Deuteronomy 31:7-8.

Why is it important for the congregation of the LORD to have a shepherd?

A shepherd provides guidance, protection, and care for the flock, as Jesus describes in John 10:11, and having a shepherd helps prevent the people from becoming scattered or lost, as warned in 1 Kings 22:17.

How does this verse relate to the concept of spiritual leadership in the church today?

This verse highlights the importance of having spiritual leaders who can guide and care for God's people, as emphasized in Ephesians 4:11-12 and 1 Peter 5:1-4, where leaders are called to shepherd the flock of God with humility and care.

What are the consequences of not having a leader like Moses?

Without a leader like Moses, the people would be like sheep without a shepherd, vulnerable to attack and without direction, as seen in Numbers 27:17, and as warned in Matthew 9:36, where Jesus sees the crowds as sheep without a shepherd.

Reflection Questions

What are some ways that I can be like a shepherd to those around me, guiding and caring for them in their spiritual journeys?
How can I ensure that I am following a leader who is guided by God's Spirit and is caring for the flock?
In what ways can I be a part of preventing the congregation of the LORD from becoming like sheep without a shepherd?
What are some lessons that I can learn from Moses' leadership and apply to my own life and relationships?

Gill's Exposition on Numbers 27:17

Which may go out before them, and which may go in before them, and which may lead them out, and which may bring them in,.... Which may lead them out, and go before them in war, and command them in

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Numbers 27:17

Which may go out before them, and which may go in before them, and which may lead them out, and which may bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD be not as sheep which have no shepherd. No JFB commentary on this verse.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on Numbers 27:17

i.e. Which may wisely conduct them in all their affairs, both when they go forth to war, or upon other occasions, and when they return home and live in peace. A metaphor from shepherds, as it here follows, which in those places used not to go behind their sheep, as ours now do, but before them, and to lead them forth to their pasture, and in due time to lead them home again. Of this phrase see .

Ellicott's Commentary on Numbers 27:17

(17) Which may go out before them . . . —The expression going out and coming in is used here, as in many other places, to denote the ordinary life of man (Deuteronomy 28:6; Deuteronomy 31:2). Leading out and bringing in (literally, causing to go out and to come in), as a shepherd in respect of his flock (John 10:3-9), denotes the direction of the conduct of others.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on Numbers 27:17

Verse 17. That the congregation of the Lord be not as sheep which have no shepherd.] This is a beautiful expression, and shows us in what light Moses viewed himself among his people. He was their shepherd; he sought no higher place; he fed and guided the flock of God under the direction of the Divine Spirit, and was faithful in all his Master's house. To this saying of Moses our Lord alludes, Matthew 9:36.

Cambridge Bible on Numbers 27:17

17. as sheep which have no shepherd] Cf. 1 Kings 22:17; Matthew 9:36 = Mark 6:34.

Whedon's Commentary on Numbers 27:17

17. Go out… go in — This describes conduct in every-day life. Joshua 14:11, note. Lead… out,… bring… in — Superintend the affairs of the nation. The imagery of the shepherd’s life is in the mind of Moses. John 10:1-16, notes.

Sermons on Numbers 27:17

	Sermon	Description
	Dangerous Shepards by Carter Conlon	In this sermon, the speaker expresses concern about the state of preaching in North America, stating that skits and plays have replaced traditional sermons in some churches. The sp
	Letter 96 by James Bourne	James Bourne reflects on the slow and steady work of God in our lives, contrasting it with our impatience and haste. He describes the refining process God takes us through, reveali
	A Passion to Know Him (P1) by K.P. Yohannan	In this sermon, Brother K.P. Yohannan discusses the importance of showing love and compassion towards others, just as Jesus did. He emphasizes the need to support national missiona
	Ark of the Covenant - Part 5 by Major Ian Thomas	In this sermon, the preacher discusses the story of a small boy who had faith in God's power. The boy had five loaves of bread and two fish, and despite the crowd's doubt, he offer
	Major Ian Thomas - Part 4 by Major Ian Thomas	In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of following God's instructions and being in the right place at the right time. He uses the story of Jesus feeding the five t
	Saving Life of Christ - Part 4 by Major Ian Thomas	In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of following God's instructions and being obedient. He uses the story of Jesus feeding the five thousand with five loaves and
	The Major Ian Thomas Story-04 Biography by Major Ian Thomas	In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the simplicity and power of the church in action. He uses the example of Philip, who obediently rode a donkey into the desert and encountered