1 Chronicles 2:14 — Word Study
WLCנְתַנְאֵל֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔י רַדַּ֖י הַחֲמִישִֽׁי׃
BSANethanelNᵉthanʼêl [the gift of God, given by the Lord] fourthrᵉbîyʻîy RaddaiRadday△ [the fifth son, in the fifth position] fifthchămîyshîy
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| נְתַנְאֵל֙ | Nethanel | Noun proper masculine |
| הָֽרְבִיעִ֔י | the fourth | Particle |
| רַדַּ֖י | Raddai | Noun proper masculine |
| הַחֲמִישִֽׁי׃ | the fifth | Particle |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Nethanel fourth, Raddai fifth, |
| KJV | Nethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth, |
| ASV | Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth, |
| YLT | Nethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth, |
| WEB | Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth, |
| BBE | Nethanel, the fourth, Raddai, the fifth, |
Where they part company is in the order of names; however, all versions agree on the essential names and their positions in the genealogy.
A simple structure with a main clause listing two names and their respective positions.
3 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 4 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 2:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Genealogy of Jessegenerated
1 Chronicles 2:14 presents a brief record of Jesse's sons, highlighting their order in the lineage leading to David. This genealogy serves to establish the heritage of David, the future king of Israel, and emphasizes the significance of his family line in biblical history. The mention of Nethanel and Raddai reflects the importance of lineage and the roles these individuals played in the history of Israel.
Cross References
The Key Word — נְתַנְאֵל, ne.tan.'Elgenerated
The name נְתַנְאֵל (Nethanel) means 'given of God' and is derived from the roots for 'give' and 'God.' It refers to a chief of the tribe of Issachar and is associated with leadership and priesthood in the Old Testament.
Nethanel appears in several contexts, establishing him as an important figure in the lineage of Israel. His name signifies divine gift and purpose, which is fitting for someone in a genealogical list leading to David.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause lists the names of Jesse's sons: נְתַנְאֵל, Nethanel, and רַדַּי, Raddai, with ordinal numbers indicating their positions. The structure is straightforward, emphasizing the order of birth.
The noun phrases נְתַנְאֵל and רַדַּי are linked by their respective ordinal indicators, creating a clear sequence in the genealogy.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates נְתַנְאֵל as ναθαναηλ, maintaining the name's significance as 'given of God.' This shows a consistent understanding of the name across translations.
For רַדַּי, the Septuagint uses ραδδαι, preserving the name in its original form, indicating the importance of these figures in the lineage.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 2:14 lists two of Jesse's sons, Nethanel and Raddai, indicating that Nethanel is the fourth son and Raddai is the fifth son. This genealogy is important for understanding the lineage leading to King David.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Nethanel means 'given of God', highlighting his significance in the lineage.
Genealogy establishes heritage and lineage, especially for significant figures like David.
Jesse had several sons, including Eliab, Abinadab, Shimea, and David.
Raddai is noted as a brother of David, linking him to the royal lineage.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does understanding the genealogy of Jesse help us appreciate the story of David?
- What significance do names have in biblical genealogies?
- In what ways can we see God's purpose in the lives of individuals mentioned in genealogies?
- How can we apply the understanding of heritage and lineage to our own lives?
Commentators on this verse — 3 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 2:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryNethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth, Raddai , [ Raday (H7288)] - is considered by Ewald ('Geschichte,' 3:, 266) identical with Rei (1 Kings 1:8), these being David's two surviving brothers at the time of Solomon's accession.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(9-41) The Hezronites, who were sons of Pharez (1 Chronicles 2:5), and their three lines of descent, Jerahmeel, Ram, and Chelubai.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 2 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges14. Nethaneel] R.V. Nethanel. It is the same name as Nathanael (John 1:45). The fourth, fifth and sixth of David’s brothers are not elsewhere named.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Nethanel fourth, Raddai fifth,
Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
Nethanel fourth, Raddai fifth,
Nethanel fourth, Raddai fifth,
Tyndale line
Nethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth;
Nethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
Nathaneel the fourth, Raddai the fift,
Strictly literal
Nethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
Nethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
Nethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
Nathanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
From the Latin
The fourth, Nathanael, the fifth Raddai,
Simplified
the fourth Nethanel, the fifth Raddai,
Nethanel, the fourth, Raddai, the fifth,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads: נְתַנְאֵל֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔י רַדַּ֖י הַחֲמִישִֽׁי, which translates to 'Nethanel fourth, Raddai fifth.' The Septuagint agrees with this text, matching all four words in the original Hebrew, although its word order and articles differ from the Hebrew. There are no significant variations in the Samaritan Pentateuch or the Dead Sea Scrolls for this verse, indicating a strong consistency across these ancient witnesses.
נְתַנְאֵל֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔י רַדַּ֖י הַחֲמִישִֽׁי׃
4 of the 4 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 2:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
נְתַנְאֵל (Nethanel) means "given of God" and is derived from the roots for "give" and "God." It refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, including a chief of the tribe of Issachar, the fourth son of Jesse, and various priests and Levites during different periods. Notably, Nethanel appears in contexts related to leadership and priesthood.
נְתַנְאֵל n.pr.m.
a chief of Issachar
4th son of Jesse
name of priests
priest’s son (who had strange wife)
Levite name
a prince of Jehoshaphat
base
H5417 נְתַנְאֵל
5417 Nthane'l neth-an-ale'
from 5414 and 410; given of God; Nethanel, the name of ten
Israelites:--Nethaneel.
see HEBREW for 05414
see HEBREW for 0410
נְתַנְאֵל (ne.tan.el) — Nethanel.
A man living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Num.1.8;
son of: Zuar (H6686)
§ Nethaneel = "given of God"
1) son of Zuar and a chief of the tribe of Issachar at the exodus
2) the 4th son of Jesse and a brother of David
3) a priest in the reign of David who blew the trumpet before the ark when it was brought from the house of Obed-edom
4) a representative of the priestly family of Jedaiah in the time of Joiakim
5) a priest of the family of Pashur who had a foreign wife in the time of Ezra
6) a Levite, father of Shemaiah the scribe in the reign of David
7) a Levite, son of Obed-edom
8) a chief of the Levites in the reign of king Josiah of Judah
9) a prince of Judah in the reign of king Jehoshaphat of Judah who was sent by the king to teach in the cities of the kingdom
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
ne-than'-el, neth'-a-nel (nethan'el, "God has given"; Nathanael; the King James Version Nethaneel, ne-than'-e-el):
(1) A chief or prince of Issachar (Nu 1:8; 2:5; 7:18,23; 10:15).
(2) The 4th son of Jesse (1Ch 2:14).
(3) One of the trumpet-blowers before the ark when it was brought up from the house of Obededom (1Ch 15:24).
רְבִיעִי (rbiy`iy) means 'fourth' and can also refer to a 'fourth part' or describe something as 'foursquare.' It is derived from the root word for 'four' and has both masculine and feminine forms. The term appears in contexts where ordinal numbers are used.
רְבִיעִי m., רְבִיעִית f., adj.num.ordin. fourth
base
H7243 רְבִיעִי, רְבִיעִית fourth
7243 rbiy`iy reb-ee-ee'
or rbiiy {reb-ee-ee'}; from 7251; fourth; also
(fractionally) a fourth:--foursquare, fourth (part).
see HEBREW for 07251
רְבִיעִי (re.vi.i) — fourth.
1) fourth
1a) fourth
1b) four square
1c) fourth part
Aramaic equivalent: re.vi.ay (רְבִיעִי "fourth" H7244)
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aomsa
רַדַּי (Radday) is a proper name referring to the fifth son of Jesse and a brother of David, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 2:14. The name is derived from a root meaning 'domineering' or 'trampling.' There is a note that Raddai is associated with the tribe of Judah.
רַדַּי n.pr.m. fifth son of Jesse, acc. to 1 Ch 2:14
ref
H7288 רַדַּי
7288 Radday rad-dah'-ee
intensive from 7287; domineering; Raddai, an
Israelite:--Raddai.
see HEBREW for 07287
רַדַּי (rad.day) — Raddai.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.2.14;
son of: Jesse (H3448);
brother of: David (H1732), Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Nethanel (H5417H), Ozem (H0684), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?) and Elihu (H0453J)
§ Raddai = "trampling"
the 5th son of Jesse and brother of David
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
rad'-a-i, ra-da'-i (radday, "beating down"(?)): The 5th of the 7 sons of Jesse, father of David, according to 1Ch 2:14 Septuagint, Codex Alexdrinus, "Rhaddai"; Lucian, "Rhedai"; others, "Zaddai".epulchral monument, has long disappeared, the spot is marked until this day, and Christians, Jews and Mohammedans unite in honoring it. The present tomb, which, apparently, is not older than the 15th century, is built in the style of the small-domed buildings raised by Moslems in honor of their saints. It is a rough structure of four square walls, each about 23 ft. long and 20 ft. high; the dome rising 10 ft. higher is used by Mohammedans for prayer, while on Fridays the Jews make supplication before the empty tomb within. It is doubtful, but probable, that it marks the exact spot where Rachel was buried. There are, apparently, two traditions…
(trampling), one of David’s brothers, fifth son of Jesse. (1 Chronicles 2:14)
ruling; coming down
→ Son of Jesse 1Ch 2:14
חֲמִישִׁי (chamiyshiy) means 'fifth' and serves as an ordinal number indicating the position of five. It can also refer to a fifth part. The word is derived from a root associated with the number five, as noted in various lexicons.
חֲמִישִׁי m., חֲמִישִׁית f.adj.num.ordin. fifth
base
H2549 חֲמִישִׁי, חֲמִישִׁית fifth
2549 chamiyshiy kham-ee-shee'
or chamishshiy {kham-ish-shee'}; ord. from 2568; fifth; also
a fifth:--fifth (part).
see HEBREW for 02568
חֲמִישִׁי (cha.mi.shi) — fifth.
ordinal number, 5th
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aomsa