1 Chronicles 2:15 — Word Study
WLCאֹ֚צֶם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י דָּוִ֖יד הַשְּׁבִעִֽי׃
BSAOzemʼÔtsem [the sixth born, hastened by God] sixthshishshîy and DavidDâvid [the youngest, beloved king] seventhshᵉbîyʻîy
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אֹ֚צֶם | Ozem | Noun proper masculine |
| הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י | the sixth | Particle |
| דָּוִ֖יד | David | Noun proper masculine |
| הַשְּׁבִעִֽי׃ | the seventh | Particle |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Ozem sixth, and David seventh. |
| KJV | Ozem the sixth, David the seventh: |
| ASV | Ozem the sixth, David the seventh; |
| YLT | Ozem the sixth, David the seventh, |
| WEB | Ozem the sixth, and David the seventh; |
| BBE | Ozem, the sixth, David, the seventh; |
There are no differences among the translations on the names or their order.
This verse is a straightforward listing of names with their respective ordinal positions.
6 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Poole, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 2:15
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Genealogy of Judahgenerated
1 Chronicles 2:15 lists the sons of Judah, emphasizing their order of birth. Ozem is noted as the sixth son, while David, the youngest, is mentioned as the seventh. This genealogy serves to establish David's lineage and his rightful place in the history of Israel, connecting him to the promises made to the tribe of Judah, as seen in Genesis 49:10.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Samuel 16:10–11 | Thus Jesse made seven of his sons pass before Samuel, but Samuel told him, “The LORD has not chosen any of these.” |
| 2 | 1 Samuel 17:12–14 | Now David was the son of a man named Jesse, an Ephrathite from Bethlehem of Judah who had eight sons in the days of Saul. And Jesse was old and well along in years. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אֹצֶם, 'O.tzemgenerated
The name אֹצֶם ('O.tzem) is a proper masculine noun referring to one of the sons of Judah, specifically the sixth born. The root of the name suggests strength, derived from a root meaning to be strong. Ozem's mention in the genealogy highlights his place in the lineage leading to David.
Ozem is significant in the context of David's family, as he is listed among the direct ancestors. The genealogical structure emphasizes the importance of birth order in establishing identity and legacy within the tribe of Judah.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree on the names and their order: Ozem and David as the sixth and seventh sons, respectively.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb is absent, as this verse is a simple listing of names. The structure consists of noun phrases that identify the individuals and their ordinal positions: אֹצֶם is paired with הַשִּׁשִּׁי (the sixth), and דָּוִד with הַשְּׁבִעִי (the seventh). This straightforward construction reflects the genealogical context.
The order of names emphasizes the significance of David as the youngest son, which is a key detail in the narrative of his rise to kingship.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates אֹצֶם as ασομ, maintaining the name's identity while using a Greek form. This choice shows continuity in the recognition of Ozem within the lineage.
The translation of ordinal numbers aligns with the Hebrew, as ἕκτος (the sixth) and ἕβδομος (the seventh) correspond directly to the Hebrew terms, indicating a consistent understanding of the genealogical order.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 2:15 tells us that Ozem was the sixth son of Judah, and David was the seventh. This verse is part of a genealogy that establishes the lineage of David, connecting him to the tribe of Judah and highlighting his importance in Israel's history.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Ozem was the sixth son of Judah, mentioned in the genealogy that leads to King David.
David is noted as the youngest son of Jesse, which emphasizes his unexpected rise to kingship.
The order of the sons signifies their birthright and importance within the family lineage, which is crucial in the context of Israel's history.
David's lineage is significant in the New Testament as it establishes Jesus' rightful claim to the throne of David, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the order of the sons tell us about the importance of family lineage in biblical times?
- How does David's position as the youngest son relate to the theme of unexpected leaders in the Bible?
- In what ways can we see God's hand in the genealogies presented in Scripture?
- How does understanding the genealogy of David enhance our comprehension of the New Testament narrative?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 2:15 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryOzem the sixth, David the seventh: David the seventh. Since it appears (1 Samuel 16:10; 1 Samuel 17:12) that Jesse had eight sons, the presumption is, from David being mentioned here as the seventh
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 2 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleFor though he had eight sons, , one of them either died presently after that time, or is neglected for some reason now unknown, as others are. See Poole "", See Poole "".
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 2 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Chronicles 2:15 Ozem the sixth, David the seventh:Ver. 15. David the seventh.] Jesse is said to have eight sons, but one might be his son by adoption.
Read John Trapp on 1 Chronicles 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(9-41) The Hezronites, who were sons of Pharez (1 Chronicles 2:5), and their three lines of descent, Jerahmeel, Ram, and Chelubai.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 2 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges15. David the seventh] Jesse had eight sons (1 Samuel 17:12; cp. 1 Samuel 16:10-11). Here one seems deliberately passed over, perhaps because he had no children. (The Elihu “one of David’s brethren” of 1 Chronicles 27:18 is probably to be identified with Eliab and not to be regarded as an eighth brother.)
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 2 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleDavid the seventh - Jesse had eight sons, of whom David was the youngest 1 Samuel 16:10-11; 1 Samuel 17:12. Probably one of the sons shown to Samuel at Bethlehem did not grow up.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Chronicles 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Ozem sixth, and David seventh.
Ozem the sixth, and David the seventh;
Ozem sixth, and David seventh.
Ozem sixth, David seventh.
Tyndale line
Ozem the sixth, David the seventh:
Ozem the sixth, David the seventh;
Ozem the sixth, David the seventh:
Ozem the sixth, David the seventh:
Ozem the sixt, and Dauid the seuenth.
Strictly literal
Ozem the sixth, David the seventh;
Ozem the sixth, David the seventh,
Ozem the sixth, David the seventh,
Ozem the sixth, David the seventh;
Ozem the sixth, and David the seventh.
From the Latin
The sixth Asom, the seventh David.
Simplified
the sixth Ozem, and the seventh David.
Ozem, the sixth, David, the seventh;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads: 'אֹ֚צֶם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י דָּוִ֖יד הַשְּׁבִעִֽי׃' which translates to 'Ozem sixth, and David seventh.' The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in terms of the names and their order, although the exact wording and structure may differ due to translation choices. There are no significant differences in meaning or content between these witnesses for this verse.
אֹ֚צֶם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י דָּוִ֖יד הַשְּׁבִעִֽי׃
4 of the 4 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 2:15
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֹ֫צֶם (Otsem) refers to two individuals from the tribe of Judah, both mentioned in 1 Chronicles. The name is associated with strength, derived from a root meaning to be strong. One Ozem is noted as an elder brother of David, while the other is a descendant of Jerahmeel.
אֹ֫צֶם n.pr.m.
elder brother of David
a descendant of Judah
base
H684 אֹ֫צֶם
684 'Otsem o'-tsem
from an unused root probably meaning to be strong; strength
(i.e. strong); Otsem, the name of two Israelites:--Ozem.
אֹ֫צֶם (o.tsem) — Ozem.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.2.15;
son of: Jesse (H3448);
brother of: David (H1732), Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Nethanel (H5417H), Raddai (H7288), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?) and Elihu (H0453J)
§ Ozem = "I shall hasten them"
1) older brother of David
2) a descendant of Judah
אֹ֫צֶם (o.tsem) — Ozem.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.2.25;
son of: Jerahmeel (H3396);
brother of: Ram (H7410H), Bunah (H0946), Oren (H0767), Ahijah (H0281J) and Onam (H0208H)
§ Ozem = "I shall hasten them"
1) older brother of David
2) a descendant of Judah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Ozem
Strong. (1.) One of David’s brothers; the sixth son of Jesse (1 Chr. 2:15).
(2.) A son of Jerahmeel (1 Chr. 2:25).
(power). The sixth son of Jesse, the next eldest above David. (1 Chronicles 2:15) (B.C. 1055.) Son of Jerahmeel. (1 Chronicles 2:25)
that fasts; their eagerness
שִׁשִּׁי (shishshiy) means 'sixth' and can refer to both an ordinal number and a fractional part. It is derived from the root word for 'six' and has masculine and feminine forms. The entries consistently emphasize its use as a numerical designation.
שִׁשִּׁי m. 22 שִׁשִּׁית f. 6 adj.num.ordin. sixth
base
H8345 שִׁשִּׁי, שִׁשִּׁית sixth
8345 shishshiy shish-shee'
from 8337; sixth, ord. or (feminine) fractional:--sixth
(part).
see HEBREW for 08337
שִׁשִּׁי (shish.shi) — sixth.
1) sixth
1a) sixth (ordinal number)
1b) sixth (as fraction)
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aomsa
דָּוִד (David) refers to the second king of Israel, known as the youngest son of Jesse. The name means 'beloved' and is associated with a significant lineage, including many siblings and notable descendants like Solomon. The entries highlight his familial connections and historical context, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
דָּוִד, דָּוִיד 1066 n.pr.m. David
base
H1732 דָּוִד, דָּוִיד David
1732 David daw-veed'
rarely (fully); Daviyd {daw-veed'}; from the same as 1730;
loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse:--David.
see HEBREW for 01730
דָּוִד (da.vid) — David.
A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.4.17;
son of: Jesse (H3448) and Nahash (H5176I);
brother of: Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?), Nethanel (H5417H), Raddai (H7288), Ozem (H0684) and Elihu (H0453J); married to Michal (H4324), Abigail (H0026), Ahinoam (H0293H), Maacah (H4601I), Haggith (H2294), Abital (H0037), Eglah (H5698) and Bathsheba (H1339);
father of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N)
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
da'-vid (dawidh, or dawidh, "beloved"; Daueid, also in New Testament, Dauid, Dabid; see Thayer's Lexicon):
I. NAME AND GENEALOGY
II. EARLY YEARS
1. Shepherd
2. Slinger
3. Harpist
4. Poet
5. Psalmist
6. Tribesman
III. IN THE SERVICE OF SAUL
1. David First Meets Saul
2. His First Exploit
3. Envy of Saul and Flight of David
4. Jonathan and David
IV. DAVID IN EXILE
1. David as Outlaw
2. David Joins the Philistines
V. DAVID AS KING
1. Civil War
2. Conquests Abroad
3. Political Situation
4. The Ark
VI. DOMESTIC LIFE
1. His Wives and Children
2. Domestic Troubles
VII. HIS OFFICIALS
1. Prophets
2. Priests
3. Military Officers
4. Other Officials
5. Mutual Rivalry
VIII. PERSONAL CHARACTER OF DAVID
1. Chronicles
2. Psalms
3. Complex Character
4. Physical Courage
5. Moral Courage
6. Prudence
7. Strategy
8. Nobility
9. David in Relation to His Family
10. David in Relation to His Friends
11. His Success
12. His Foreign Friends
13. Nemesis
David
Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam. 17:25. As to his personal appearance, we only know that he was red-haired, with beautiful eyes and a fair face (1 Sam. 16:12; 17:42).
His early occupation was that of tending his father’s sheep on the uplands of Judah. From what we know of his after history, doubtless he frequently beguiled his time, when thus engaged, with his shepherd’s flute, while he drank in the many lessons taught him by the varied scenes spread around him. His first recorded exploits were his encounters with the wild beasts of the field. He mentions that with his own unaided hand he slew a lion and also a…
(well-beloved), the son of Jesse. His life may be divided into three portions: His youth before his introduction to the court of Saul; His relations with Saul; His reign. The early life of David contains in many important respects the antecedents of his future career. It appears that David was the youngest son, probably the youngest child, of a family of ten, and was born in Bethlehem B.C. 1085. The first time that David appears in history at once admits us to the whole family circle. The annual sacrificial feast is being held when Samuel appears, sent by God to anoint one of Jesse’s sons as they pass before him, (1 Samuel 16:6-10) Samuel sends for the youngest, David, who was "keeping the sheep," and anoints him. (1 Samuel 16:11-13) As David stood before Samuel we are enabled to…
Beloved, the youngest son of Jesse, of the tribe of Judah, born in Bethlehem B. C. 1085; one of the most remarkable men in either sacred of secular history. His life is fully recorded in 1Sa 16:1 1Ki 2:46. He was "the Lord’s anointed," chosen by God to be king of Israel instead of Saul, and consecrated to that office by the venerable prophet Samuel long before he actually came to the throne, 1Sa 16:1-13, for which God prepared him by the gift of his Spirit, and a long course of vicissitudes and dangers. In his early pastoral life he distinguished himself by his boldness, fidelity, and faith in God; and while yet a youth was summoned to court, as one expert in music, valiant, prudent in behavior, and comely in person. He…
שְׁבִיעִי (shbiy`iy) is an ordinal adjective meaning 'seventh.' It has masculine and feminine forms, שְׁבִיעִי for masculine and שְׁבִיעִית for feminine. The word is derived from the root meaning associated with the number seven, covering its use as a numerical order.
שְׁבִיעִי m. שְׁבִיעִית f. 97 adj.num.ord. seventh
base
H7637 שְׁבִיעִי m. שְׁבִיעִית f. adj. num. ord. seventh
7637 shbiy`iy sheb-ee-ee'
or shbi iy {sheb-ee-ee'}; ordinal from 7657;
seventh:--seventh (time).
see HEBREW for 07657
שְׁבִיעִי (she.vi.i) — seventh.
1) seventh
1a) ordinal number
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aomsa