1 Chronicles 3:20 — Word Study
WLCוַחֲשֻׁבָ֡ה וָ֠אֹהֶל וּבֶרֶכְיָ֧ה וַֽחֲסַדְיָ֛ה י֥וּשַׁב חֶ֖סֶד חָמֵֽשׁ׃
BSAand five otherschâmêsh [a total of, exactly] HashubahChăshubâh△ [consideration, thoughtful one] OhelʼÔhel△ [tent, dwelling place] BerechiahBerekyâh [Jehovah blesses, blessed by God] HasadiahChăçadyâh△ [Jehovah's loving kindness, love] and Jushab-hesedYûwshab Cheçed [whose love is returned, restored love]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַחֲשֻׁבָ֡ה | and Hashubah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וָ֠אֹהֶל | and Ohel | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וּבֶרֶכְיָ֧ה | and Berekiah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וַֽחֲסַדְיָ֛ה | and Hasadiah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| י֥וּשַׁב | Jushab- | Noun proper masculine |
| חֶ֖סֶד | Hesed | Noun proper masculine |
| חָמֵֽשׁ׃ | five | Noun common, both singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | and five others: Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab-hesed. |
| KJV | And Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five. |
| ASV | and Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five. |
| YLT | and Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-Hesed, five. |
| WEB | and Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab Hesed, five. |
| BBE | And Hashubah and Ohel and Berechiah and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of the names, but all translations agree on the overall structure and meaning.
The verse consists of a main clause followed by a list of names, typical for genealogical records.
4 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
3 of 7 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 3:20
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Genealogy of Zerubbabelgenerated
1 Chronicles 3:20 presents a list of names, specifically five descendants of Zerubbabel, a significant figure in the lineage of Judah. This genealogy highlights the importance of family heritage in Israel's history, particularly during the post-exilic period when the people were re-establishing their identity and community.
Cross References
The Key Word — י֥וּשַׁב חֶסֶד, Yu.shavgenerated
The name י֥וּשַׁב חֶסֶד (Jushab-hesed) means 'whose love is returned' or 'restored love'. It is a compound name formed from the verb for 'to sit' or 'to dwell' and the noun for 'kindness' or 'love'. This name suggests a relationship characterized by mutual affection or loyalty.
Jushab-hesed is one of the descendants of Zerubbabel, indicating his place in the lineage of Judah. The parsing as a noun proper masculine signifies that he is a specific individual, not just a concept. His name reflects the values of kindness and loyalty that were significant in the Israelite community.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is governed by the finite verb חָמֵֽשׁ, five, which serves as the predicate. The structure lists the names of the five individuals, indicating their significance as descendants.
The Hebrew word order emphasizes the number first, followed by the names, which is typical in genealogical records to highlight the count before the details.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates י֥וּשַׁב חֶסֶד as Jushab-hesed, maintaining the name's integrity. This shows that the translators recognized the importance of the name and its meaning within the genealogical context.
The Greek rendering aligns closely with the Hebrew, reflecting the same individuals and their significance in the lineage.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 3:20 lists five names: Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab-hesed. These are descendants of Zerubbabel, showing the importance of family lineage in Israel's history.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The verse mentions Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab-hesed, all of whom are descendants of Zerubbabel.
Jushab-hesed means 'whose love is returned' or 'restored love', reflecting a relationship characterized by kindness.
Genealogy is important as it establishes lineage, heritage, and the fulfillment of God's promises through specific families.
Zerubbabel was a leader during the return from exile and played a key role in rebuilding the temple and re-establishing the community.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What significance do these names hold in the context of Israel's history?
- How can understanding genealogies enhance our reading of the Bible?
- What does the meaning of Jushab-hesed teach us about relationships in our lives?
- In what ways can we reflect the values of kindness and loyalty in our communities?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 3:20 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushabhesed, five. And Malchiram, and Rephaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 3 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleEither of Zerubbabel; or of Meshullam, as is gathered from hence, that the sons of Hananiah are named , and therefore those are presumed to be the sons of Meshullam. But that is no necessary inference, for Meshullam possibly had no sons, and therefore he passeth from him to Hananiah, .
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 3 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(20) These five sons form a second group of Zerubbabel’s children, probably by another wife. The v of union seems to have fallen out before the last name, Jushab-hesed. The names of the last kings (Shallum, recompense; Zedekiah, Iah is righteousness) were parables of the judgment that should come to pass in Judah. (Comp. Isaiah 10:22 : “A consumption is doomed, overflowing with righteousness.”) Those of the kindred and sons of Zerubbabel indicate the religious hopefulness of his people at the dawn of the restoration. His father is Pedaiah (Iah redeemeth) (see Isaiah 51:11); his son Meshullam (devoted to God) recalls Isaiah 42:19, where the pious remnant of Israel is so designated. The name…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 3 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges20. and Hashubah] Probably we should read “The sons of Meshullam: Hashubah.” See above. Jushab-hesed] The name means “Mercy is restored.” Many such significant names belong to the period of the Return.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 3 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
and five others: Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab-hesed.
and Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab Hesed, five.
and five others: Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab-hesed.
The five others were Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab-Hesed.
Tyndale line
And Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five.
and Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five.
and Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushabhesed, five.
And Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, and Jushab-hesed, five.
And Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hazadiah, and Iushabheshed, fiue in nomber.
Strictly literal
and Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, [and] Jushab-hesed, five.
and Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-Hesed, five.
and Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-Hesed—five.
And Chashubah, and Ohel, and Berechyah, and Chassadyah, Jushab-chessed, five.
His other five sons were Hashubah, Ohel, Berekiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab-Hesed.
From the Latin
Hasaba also, and Ohol, and Barachias, and Hasadias, Josabhesed, five.
Simplified
Five additional sons were: Hashubah, Ohel, Berekiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab-Hesed.
And Hashubah and Ohel and Berechiah and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the names listed in this verse. Five of the seven words match, indicating a strong consistency in the genealogical record across these texts.
וַחֲשֻׁבָ֡ה וָ֠אֹהֶל וּבֶרֶכְיָ֧ה וַֽחֲסַדְיָ֛ה י֥וּשַׁב חֶ֖סֶד חָמֵֽשׁ׃
5 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 3:20
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
חֲשֻׁבָה (Chashubah) refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, specifically a son of Zerubbabel, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 3:20. The name is associated with the meaning of 'consideration' and is derived from the root word for estimation. The entries consistently identify Hashubah as an Israelite figure without notable disagreement.
חֲשֻׁבָה n.pr.m. (consideration)—son of Zerubbabel 1 Ch 3:20
ref
H2807 חֲשֻׁבָה
2807 Chashubah khash-oo-baw'
from 2803; estimation; Cashubah, an Israelite:--Hashubah.
see HEBREW for 02803
חֲשֻׁבָה (cha.shu.vah) — Hashubah.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.20;
son of: Zerubbabel (H2216);
brother of: Meshullam (H4918H), Hananiah (H2608L), Shelomith (H8019I), Ohel (H0169), Berechiah (H1296), Hasadiah (H2619), Jushab-hesed (H3142), Abiud (G0010)
§ Hashubah = "consideration"
a son of Zerubbabel
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
ha-shoo'-ba (chashubhah, "consideration"): One of the sons of Zerubbabel (1Ch 3:20).
Hashubah
Ibid., a descendant of David (1 Chr. 3:20).
(intelligent), the first of a group of five men, apparently the latter half of the family of Zerubbabel. (1 Chronicles 3:20)
estimation; thought
אֹ֫הֶל (ohel) primarily means "tent" and refers to a dwelling or habitation, including the sacred tent used for worship. It is also the name of a man from the tribe of Judah, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 3:20 as a son of Zerubbabel. The word is closely related to another Hebrew term, noted in Strong's entry.
אֹ֫הֶל 343 n.m. tent
tent of nomad
dwelling, habitation
the sacred tent used in worship of God
base
H169 אֹ֫הֶל, אֹהֶל
169 'Ohel o'-hel
the same as 168; Ohel, an Israelite:--Ohel.
see HEBREW for 0168
אֹ֫הֶל (o.hel) — Ohel.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.20;
son of: Zerubbabel (H2216);
brother of: Meshullam (H4918H), Hananiah (H2608L), Shelomith (H8019I), Hashubah (H2807), Berechiah (H1296), Hasadiah (H2619), Jushab-hesed (H3142), Abiud (G0010)
§ Ohel = "tent"
son of Zerubbabel
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
o'-hel ('ohel, "tent"): A son of Zerubbabel (1Ch 3:20).
Ohel
A house; tent, the fourth son of Zerubbabel (1 Chr. 3:20).
tent; tabernacle; brightness
→ Son of Zerubabbel 1Ch 3:20
יְבֶרֶכְיָ֫הוּ (Berekyah) means 'Jehovah blesses' and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, including a son of Zerubbabel and a Levite associated with the ark. The name is derived from the words for 'knee' and 'blessing.' It appears in various contexts, notably in genealogies and during the time of the Exile and Return.
יְבֶרֶכְיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (Yah blesseth) father of a Zechariah in Isaiah’s time Is 8:2; usually in abbreviated form as foll.: בֶּרֶכְיָה,
son of Zerubbabel
a Levite guard of the ark
father of Meshullam, one of Nehemiah’s chiefs
father of prophet Zechariah
father of Asaph
Ephraimite chief
base
H1296 יְבֶרֶכְיָ֫הוּ
1296 Berekyah beh-rek-yaw'
or Berekyahuw {beh-rek-yaw'-hoo}; from 1290 and 3050; knee
(i.e. blessing) of Jah; Berekjah, the name of six
Israelites:--Berachiah, Berechiah.
see HEBREW for 01290
see HEBREW for 03050
בֶּרֶכְיָה (be.rekh.yah) — Berechiah.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.20;
son of: Zerubbabel (H2216);
brother of: Meshullam (H4918H), Hananiah (H2608L), Shelomith (H8019I), Hashubah (H2807), Ohel (H0169), Hasadiah (H2619), Jushab-hesed (H3142), Abiud (G0010)
§ Berachiah or Berechiah = "Jehovah blesses"
1) a son of Zerubbabel
2) a Levite who returned for the exile
3) father of Meshullam, one of Nehemiah's chiefs who assisted in rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem
4) father of Zechariah
5) a Gershonite Levite, the father of Asaph, the singer, doorkeeper of the ark
6) an Ephraimite chief in the time of Ahaz
בֶּרֶכְיָה (be.rekh.yah) — Berechiah.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.6.39;
son of: Shimea (H8092H);
father of: Asaph (H0623H)
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
חֲסַדְיָה (Chacadyah) means 'Jehovah has been faithful' and refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, specifically the son of Zerubbabel. He is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 3:20. The name is constructed from elements meaning 'kindness' and 'Yah,' indicating a divine favor.
חֲסַדְיָה n.pr.m. (Yah is kind) son of Zerubbabel 1 Ch 3:20.
done
H2619 חֲסַדְיָה
2619 Chacadyah khas-ad-yaw'
from 2617 and 3050; Jah has favored: Chasadjah, an
Israelite:--Hasadiah.
see HEBREW for 02617
see HEBREW for 03050
חֲסַדְיָה (cha.sad.yah) — Hasadiah.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.20;
son of: Zerubbabel (H2216);
brother of: Meshullam (H4918H), Hananiah (H2608L), Shelomith (H8019I), Hashubah (H2807), Ohel (H0169), Berechiah (H1296), Jushab-hesed (H3142), Abiud (G0010)
§ Hasadiah = "Jehovah has been faithful"
a son of Zerubbabel
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
has-a-di'-a (chacadhyah, "Yah is kind"): A son of Zerubbabel (1Ch 3:20). In Baruch 1:1 the Greek is Asadias.
Hasadiah
Favoured by Jehovah, one of the sons of Pedaiah (1 Chr. 3:20), of the royal line of David.
(loved by Jehovah) one of a group of five persons among the descendants of the royal line of Judah, (1 Chronicles 3:20) apparently sons of Zerubbabel. (B.C. about 536.)
the mercy of the Lord
י֥וּשַׁב חֶ֖סֶד n.pr.m. son of Zerubbabel, 1 Ch 3:20
ref
H3142 י֥וּשַׁב חֶ֖סֶד
3142 Yuwshab Checed yoo-shab' kheh'-sed
from 7725 and 2617; kindness will be returned; Jushab-Chesed,
an Israelite:--Jushab-hesed.
see HEBREW for 07725
see HEBREW for 02617
י֥וּשַׁב חֶ֖סֶד (yu.shav che.sed) — Jushab-hesed.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.20;
son of: Zerubbabel (H2216);
brother of: Meshullam (H4918H), Hananiah (H2608L), Shelomith (H8019I), Hashubah (H2807), Ohel (H0169), Berechiah (H1296), Hasadiah (H2619) and Abiud (G0010)
§ Jushab-hesed = "whose love is returned"
son of Zerubbabel
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
י֥וּשַׁב חֶ֖סֶד n.pr.m. son of Zerubbabel, 1 Ch 3:20
ref
H3142 י֥וּשַׁב חֶ֖סֶד
3142 Yuwshab Checed yoo-shab' kheh'-sed
from 7725 and 2617; kindness will be returned; Jushab-Chesed,
an Israelite:--Jushab-hesed.
see HEBREW for 07725
see HEBREW for 02617
י֥וּשַׁב חֶ֖סֶד (yu.shav che.sed) — Jushab-hesed.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.20;
son of: Zerubbabel (H2216);
brother of: Meshullam (H4918H), Hananiah (H2608L), Shelomith (H8019I), Hashubah (H2807), Ohel (H0169), Berechiah (H1296), Hasadiah (H2619) and Abiud (G0010)
§ Jushab-hesed = "whose love is returned"
son of Zerubbabel
HNpm — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(kindness), the son of Hesed or Ben-Chesed, was commissary for Solomon. (1 Kings 4:10) (B.C. about 995.)
→ Father of one of Solomon's officers 1Ki 4:10
חָמֵשׁ (chamesh) means 'five' in Hebrew. It serves as both a cardinal number and can indicate a multiple of five when combined with another number. The word also has an ordinal form, 'fifth.' The entries consistently define this numeral without any noted disagreement.
חָמֵשׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה 342 n.m. and f. five
base
H2568 חָמֵשׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה five
2568 chamesh khaw-maysh'
masculine chamishshah {kham-ish-shaw}; a primitive numeral;
five:--fif(-teen), fifth, five (X apiece).
חָמֵשׁ (cha.mesh) — five.
1) five
1a) five (cardinal number)
1b) a multiple of five (with another number)
1c) fifth (ordinal number)
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
fiv (chamesh; pente).
See NUMBER.