Daniel 2:28 — Word Study
WLCבְּרַ֡ם אִיתַ֞י אֱלָ֤הּ בִּשְׁמַיָּא֙ גָּלֵ֣א רָזִ֔ין וְהוֹדַ֗ע לְמַלְכָּא֙ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶצַּ֔ר מָ֛ה דִּ֥י לֶהֱוֵ֖א בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית יוֹמַיָּ֑א חֶלְמָ֨ךְ וְחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשָׁ֛ךְ עַֽל־ מִשְׁכְּבָ֖ךְ דְּנָ֥ה הֽוּא׃ פ
BSAButbᵉram there isʼîythay a Godʼĕlâhh [Elohim, the supreme deity] in heavenshâmayin [the spiritual realm, the abode of God] who revealsgᵉlâh [unveils, discloses] mysteriesrâz [secrets, hidden truths] and He has made knownyᵉdaʻ■ [revealed, disclosed] to Kingmelek [the ruler] NebuchadnezzarNᵉbûwkadnetstsar whatmâh will happenhâvâʼ [take place, come to pass] in the latterʼachărîyth△ [final, last] daysyôwm [periods of time] Your dreamchêlem [vision, prophetic insight] and the visionschêzêv [sights, appearances] that came into your mindrêʼsh [thoughts, imagination] as you lay onʻal your bedmishkab [place of rest, couch] were thesedên [the following, what follows]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בְּרַ֡ם | nevertheless | Adverb |
| אִיתַ֞י | there | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| אֱלָ֤הּ | [is] a God | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| בִּשְׁמַיָּא֙ | in heavens the | Preposition, noun common masculine plural determined, particle |
| גָּלֵ֣א | [who] reveals | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| רָזִ֔ין | secrets | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| וְהוֹדַ֗ע | and he has made known | Conjunction, verb hiphil perfect third person masculine singular |
| לְמַלְכָּא֙ | to king the | Preposition, noun common both singular determined, particle |
| נְבֽוּכַדְנֶצַּ֔ר | Nebuchadnezzar | Noun proper masculine |
| מָ֛ה | what | Pronoun |
| דִּ֥י | that | Conjunction |
| לֶהֱוֵ֖א | it will be | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית | at [the] end of | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct |
| יוֹמַיָּ֑א | days the | Noun common masculine plural determined, particle |
| חֶלְמָ֨ךְ | dream your | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| וְחֶזְוֵ֥י | and [the] visions of | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct |
| רֵאשָׁ֛ךְ | head your | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| עַֽל־ | on | Preposition |
| מִשְׁכְּבָ֖ךְ | bed your | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| דְּנָ֥ה | [is] this | Particle |
| הֽוּא׃ פ | it | Pronoun |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | But there is a God in heaven who reveals mysteries, and He has made known to King Nebuchadnezzar what will happen in the latter days. Your dream and the visions that came into your mind as you lay on your bed were these: |
| KJV | But there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and maketh known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these; |
| ASV | but there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and he hath made known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these: |
| YLT | but there is a God in the heavens, a revealer of secrets, and He hath made known to king Nebuchadnezzar that which [is] to be in the latter end of the days. 'Thy dream and the visions of thy head on thy bed are these: |
| WEB | but there is a God in heaven who reveals secrets, and he has made known to King Nebuchadnezzar what will be in the latter days. Your dream and the visions of your head on your bed are these: |
| BBE | But there is a God in heaven, the unveiler of secrets, and he has given to King Nebuchadnezzar knowledge of what will take place in the last days. Your dreams and the visions of your head on your bed are these: |
Where they part company is לֶהֱוֵ֖א — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has one main clause with several subordinate clauses that provide additional information about the subject and action.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאֱלָהּ
verbגלה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 21 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 2:28
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Daniel Interprets the Dreamgenerated
Daniel 2:28 shows that Daniel is addressing King Nebuchadnezzar, emphasizing that there is a divine being who reveals hidden truths. This revelation is crucial as it pertains to the future, specifically what will happen in the latter days. This section highlights the contrast between human limitations and divine knowledge, showcasing God's sovereignty over history and events.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 115:3 | Our God is in heaven; He does as He pleases. |
| 2 | Matthew 6:9 | So then, this is how you should pray: ‘Our Father in heaven, hallowed be Your name. |
| 3 | Daniel 2:18–47 | urging them to plead for mercy from the God of heaven concerning this mystery, so that Daniel and his friends would not be killed with the rest of the wise men of Babylon. |
| 4 | Genesis 40:8 | “We both had dreams,” they replied, “but there is no one to interpret them.” Then Joseph said to them, “Don’t interpretations belong to God? Tell me your dreams.” |
| 5 | Genesis 41:16 | “I myself cannot do it,” Joseph replied, “but God will give Pharaoh a sound answer.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 21 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אֱלָ֤הּ, 'e.Lahgenerated
The word אֱלָהּ (elah) refers to a deity, specifically the God of Israel. It denotes the supreme being who holds authority over all creation. In this verse, it affirms the existence of God in heaven, emphasizing His role as the one who reveals secrets and mysteries to humanity.
This term is significant in the context of the verse, as it establishes the foundation for the revelation that follows. The parsing indicates that it is a common noun in the singular form, affirming the singularity of the divine being being referenced.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB uses there is a God, which is echoed in the KJV and ASV, maintaining the theological emphasis on the singular God.
Where the translations differ is in the rendering of לֶהֱוֵ֖א. The BSB and WEB use will happen, while the DRA opts for come to pass and the BBE for take place, reflecting different nuances of the same concept.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is גָּלֵ֣א, who reveals, which governs the entire clause. This is followed by a prepositional phrase indicating the location of the deity and a noun phrase that identifies the mysteries being revealed. The structure emphasizes the divine action of revelation.
The sentence flows from the declaration of God's existence to the specific action of revealing mysteries, linking the divine with the human understanding of future events. This structure highlights the contrast between God's omniscience and human ignorance.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, אֱלָהּ is rendered as θεὸς (theos), affirming the concept of God as the supreme being. This choice aligns with the traditional understanding of God in both Hebrew and Greek contexts.
The Greek translation uses ἀνακαλύπτων for גָּלֵ֣א, indicating a focus on the act of uncovering or unveiling, which reinforces the theme of revelation present in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 2:28 tells us that there is a God in heaven who reveals secrets. He has shown King Nebuchadnezzar what will happen in the future. This verse emphasizes that God has the power to disclose mysteries that humans cannot understand.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that God discloses hidden truths and future events that are beyond human understanding, as seen in His communication with King Nebuchadnezzar.
It emphasizes God's sovereignty and authority over all creation, contrasting human wisdom with divine knowledge.
The dream signifies future events and God's plan for the nations, highlighting the role of divine revelation in understanding history.
It connects with themes of divine revelation found in other parts of the Bible, such as in Psalm 115:3 and Matthew 6:9, where God's sovereignty and power are affirmed.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced God's revelation in my life?
- How can I seek to understand the mysteries of God more deeply?
- What does this verse teach me about the nature of God?
- How can I apply the truth of God's sovereignty in my daily decisions?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early Church Father Jerome comments on this verse to emphasize God's unique role in revealing mysteries, contrasting human inquiry with divine knowledge.
Verse 28. "But there is a God in heaven who reveals mysteries." Therefore it is only in vain that thou inquirest (other MSS have: "that he inquire") of men as to something which is known only to God in heaven.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 2 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 2:28 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleBut there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets,.... By this Daniel meant to inform the king that there was but one God, in opposition to the notion of polytheism, that obtained among the
Read John Gill on Daniel 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryBut there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and maketh known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days.
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 2 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHere the prophet gives God entirely all the glory, proving all the powers on earth to come short in it, it being one of God’ s peculiar prerogatives to reveal secrets. Yea, in great humility he denies himself to have any share in it, as also . What shall be in the latter days: observe here the prophet’ s wisdom in this discovery, he doth not fall abruptly upon the dream, but first prepares this lofty king for it in general, and by degrees he doth labour to win him to the knowledge of the true God. 1. By this his power; and, 2. By his gracious favour to the king, in revealing to him the greatest secret in the world about the change of kingdoms and governments, and touching the power of…
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 2 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 2:28 But there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and maketh known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these;Ver. 28. But there is a God in heaven.] The saints are ever tender of God’ s glory. Let these that are indued with singular gifts beware of self-admiration, apt to steal upon them.
Read John Trapp on Daniel 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(28) Visions of thy head.—Called “thoughts,” Daniel 2:29, which were the natural means through which the supernatural revelation was communicated. These “came” into his mind without his forcing them upon himself. He was thinking of other things, further conquests, perhaps, and the like, but these thoughts came from a higher source.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 2 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 28. There is a God in heaven] To distinguish him from those idols, the works of men's hands; and from the false gods in which the Chaldeans trusted. In the latter days.] A phrase which, in the prophets, generally means the times of the Messiah. God is about to show what shall take place from this time to the latest ages of the world. And the vision most certainly contains a very extensive and consecutive prophecy; which I shall treat more largely at the close of the chapter, giving in the mean time a short exposition.
Read AdamClarke on Daniel 2 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges28. But, though human skill is unable to satisfy the king, there is a God in heaven, the revealer of secrets, who has in reality by means of this dream disclosed to him the future. Cf. Genesis 41:28. and maketh known] and he hath made known. in the latter days] lit. in the end (closing-part[210]) of the days. An expression which occurs fourteen times in the O.T., and which always denotes the closing period of the future so far as it falls within the range of view of the writer using it. The sense expressed by it is thus relative, not absolute, varying with the context. In Genesis 49:1 (spoken from Jacob’s standpoint) it is used of the period of Israel’s occupation of Canaan; in Numbers…
Read Cambridge on Daniel 2 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleBut there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets - One of the principal objects contemplated in all that occurred respecting this dream and its interpretation was, to direct the mind of the
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
But there is a God in heaven who reveals mysteries, and He has made known to King Nebuchadnezzar what will happen in the latter days. Your dream and the visions that came into your mind as you lay on your bed were these:
but there is a God in heaven who reveals secrets, and he has made known to King Nebuchadnezzar what will be in the latter days. Your dream and the visions of your head on your bed are these:
But there is a God in heaven who reveals mysteries, and He has made known to King Nebuchadnezzar what will happen in the latter days. Your dream and the visions that came into your mind as you lay on your bed were these:
However, there is a God in heaven who reveals mysteries, and he has made known to King Nebuchadnezzar what will happen in the times to come. The dream and the visions you had while lying on your bed are as follows.
Tyndale line
But there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and maketh known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these;
but there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and he hath made known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these:
but there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and he hath made known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these:
But there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and maketh known to the king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these;
But there is a God in heauen that reueileth secrets, and sheweth the King Nebuchad-nezzar what shall bee in the latter dayes. Thy dreame, and the things which thou hast seene in thine heade vpon thy bed, is this.
Strictly literal
but there is a God in the heavens, who revealeth secrets, and maketh known to king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be at the end of days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed are these:
but there is a God in the heavens, a revealer of secrets, and He hath made known to king Nebuchadnezzar that which [is] to be in the latter end of the days. 'Thy dream and the visions of thy head on thy bed are these:
but there is a God in the heavens, a revealer of secrets, and He has made known to King Nebuchadnezzar that which [is] to be in the latter end of the days. Your dream and the visions of your head on your bed are these:
But there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and he hath made known to king Nebuchadnezzar what is to be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy couch, were these.
Nevertheless, there is a God who lives in the heavens, who reveals mysteries, and he has made known to you, King Nebuchadnezzar, what will happen in the days to come. These were your dream and the visions of your mind as you lay on your bed.
From the Latin
But there is a God in heaven that revealeth mysteries, who hath shewn to thee, O king Nabuchodonosor, what is to come to pass in the latter times. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these:
Simplified
“But there is a God in heaven who reveals mysteries, and he has revealed to King Nebuchadnezzar what will happen in the last days. Your dream and the visions that came to your mind as you were lying in bed were these.
But there is a God in heaven, the unveiler of secrets, and he has given to King Nebuchadnezzar knowledge of what will take place in the last days. Your dreams and the visions of your head on your bed are these:
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text of Daniel 2:28 presents a clear statement about God revealing mysteries to King Nebuchadnezzar regarding future events. The Septuagint closely aligns with the Masoretic Text, matching 20 of the 21 words, although it has its own word order and articles. The Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q112) also reflect similar content, with some words partially restored and others supplied by an editor, indicating that while there are minor textual differences, the core message remains consistent across these ancient witnesses.
בְּרַ֡ם אִיתַ֞י אֱלָ֤הּ בִּשְׁמַיָּא֙ גָּלֵ֣א רָזִ֔ין וְהוֹדַ֗ע לְמַלְכָּא֙ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶצַּ֔ר מָ֛ה דִּ֥י לֶהֱוֵ֖א בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית יוֹמַיָּ֑א חֶלְמָ֨ךְ וְחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשָׁ֛ךְ עַֽל־ מִשְׁכְּבָ֖ךְ דְּנָ֥ה הֽוּא׃ פ
20 of the 21 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ברם [איתי] [אלה] [בשמי] [א] [גלא] רזין ומהודע למלכ א נבוכדנצר מה די להוא באחרית יומי א מלכ [א] [לעלמין] [חיי] [חלמ׳ך] על משכב׳ך דנה הוא
15 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 9 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 2:28
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בְּרַם (beram) is an Aramaic adverb meaning 'nevertheless' or 'but.' It conveys an adversative sense, suggesting contrast or exception. The word is derived from a root that implies a sense of elevation or certainty, but it is primarily used to introduce a counterpoint in discourse.
בְּרַם adv. with advers. force, only, nevertheless
base
H1297 בְּרַם
1297 bram ber-am'
(Aramaic) perhaps from 7313 with a prepositional prefix;
properly, highly, i.e. surely; but used adversatively,
however:--but, nevertheless, yet.
see HEBREW for 07313
בְּרַם (be.ram) — nevertheless.
only, nevertheless, but
Adj — AdverbAD
אִיתַי (iythay) is an Aramaic particle meaning 'there is' or 'there are'. It denotes existence and is used in various contexts to affirm presence or existence. The entries consistently describe it as a particle of affirmation, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
אִיתַי part. there is, are …
base
H383 אִיתַי
383 'iythay ee-thah'ee
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3426; properly, entity; used only
as a particle of affirmation, there is:--art thou, can, do
ye, have, it be, there is (are), X we will not.
see HEBREW for 03426
אִיתַי (i.tay) — there is.
1) there is, there are
2) particle denoting existence
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
אֱלָהּ (elah) refers to a deity, encompassing both the concept of God in a general sense and specifically the God of Israel. It can also denote heathen deities. The word is rooted in Aramaic, corresponding to another term for God.
אֱלָהּ 94 n.m. god, God
base
H426 אֱלָהּ
426 'elahh el-aw'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 433; God:--God, god.
see HEBREW for 0433
אֱלָהּ (e.lah) — god.
1) god, God
1a) god, heathen deity
1b) God (of Israel)
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
god ('Elohim, 'El, [`Elyon], Shadday, Yahweh; Theos):
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE GENERAL IDEA
1. The Idea in Experience and in Thought
2. Definition of the Idea
3. The Knowledge of God
4. Ethnic Ideas of God
(1) Animism
(2) Fetishism
(3) Idolatry
(4) Polytheism
(5) Henotheism
(6) Pantheism
(7) Deism
(8) Semitic Monolatry
(9) Monotheism
II. THE IDEA OF GOD IN THE OLD TESTAMENT
1. The Course of Its Development
2. Forms of Its Manifestation
(1) The Face or Countenance of God
(2) The Voice and Word of God
(3) The Glory of God
(4) The Angel of God
(5) The Spirit of God
(6) The Name of God
(7) Occasional Forms
3. The Names of God
(1) Generic
(2) Attributive
(3) Yahweh
4. Pre-prophetic Conceptions of God
(1) Yahweh Alone Is the God of Israel
(a) His Early Worship
(b) Popular Religion
(c) Polytheistic Tendencies
(i) Coordination
(ii) Assimilation
(iii) Disintegration
(d) No Hebrew Goddesses
(e) Human Sacrifices
God
(A.S. and Dutch God; Dan. Gud; Ger. Gott), the name of the Divine Being. It is the rendering (1) of the Hebrew ’El, from a word meaning to be strong; (2) of ’Eloah_, plural _’Elohim. The singular form, Eloah, is used only in poetry. The plural form is more commonly used in all parts of the Bible, The Hebrew word Jehovah (q.v.), the only other word generally employed to denote the Supreme Being, is uniformly rendered in the Authorized Version by “LORD,” printed in small capitals. The existence of God is taken for granted in the Bible. There is nowhere any argument to prove it. He who disbelieves this truth is spoken of as one devoid of understanding (Ps. 14:1).
The arguments generally adduced by theologians in proof of the being of God are:
(1.) The a priori argument, which is the testimony afforded by reason.
(good). Throughout the Hebrew Scriptures two chief names are used for the one true divine Being--ELOHIM, commonly translated God in our version, and JEHOVAH, translated Lord . Elohim is the plural of Eloah (in Arabic Allah); it is often used in the short form EL (a word signifying strength , as in EL-SHADDAI, God Almighty, the name by which God was specially known to the patriarchs. (Genesis 17:1; 28:3; Exodus 6:3) The etymology is uncertain, but it is generally agreed that the primary idea is that of strength, power of effect , and that it properly describes God in that character in which he is exhibited to all men in his works, as the creator, sustainer and supreme governor of the world. The plural form of Elohim has given rise to much discussion. The fanciful idea that it…
This name, the derivation of which is uncertain, we give to that eternal, infinite, perfect, and incomprehensible Being, the Creator of all things, who preserves and governs all by his almighty power and wisdom, and is the only proper object of worship. The proper Hebrew name for God is JEHOVAH, which signifies He is. But the Jews, from a feeling of reverence, avoid pronouncing this name, substituting for it, wherever it occurs in the sacred test, the word ADONAI, Lord; except in the expression, ADONAI JEHOVAH, Lord Jehovah, for which they put, ADONAI ELOHIM, Lord God. This usage, which is not without an element of superstition, is very ancient, dating its origin some centuries before Christ; but there is no good ground for assuming its existence in the days of the inspired Old Testament writers. The proper word for God is ELOHIM, which is plural in its form, being thus used to signify…
שָׁמַ֫יִן (shamayin) refers to 'heaven' or 'heavens' in Hebrew, encompassing both the visible sky and the spiritual abode of God. It is a plural noun and is related to the Aramaic term corresponding to the concept of heaven. The entries consistently highlight its meanings without significant disagreement.
[שָׁמַ֫יִן] n.m.pl. heavens
base
H8065 שָׁמַ֫יִן
8065 shamayin shaw-mah'-yin
(Aramaic) corresponding to 8064:--heaven.
see HEBREW for 08064
שָׁמַ֫יִן (sha.ma.yin) — heaven.
1) heaven, heavens, sky
1a) visible sky
1b) Heaven (as abode of God)
Adj | N-mp | Art — Preposition · noun common masculine plural determined · particleAR/Ncmpd/Ta
hev'-'nz (shamayim; ouranoi): On the physical heavens see ASTRONOMY; WORLD. Above these, in popular conception, were the celestial heavens, the abode of God and of the hosts of angels (Ps 11:4; 103:19-21; Isa 66:1; Re 4:2; 5:11; compare Da 7:10), though it was recognized that Yahweh's presence was not confined to any region (1Ki 8:27). Later Judaism reckoned seven heavens. The apostle Paul speaks of himself as caught up into "the third heaven," which he evidently identifies with Paradise (2Co 12:2).
See HEAVENLY.
גְּלָא (glah) means to reveal, with nuances including revealing secrets and taking into exile. It is built from the root that also relates to carrying away. The entries indicate its use in both a general sense of revelation and a specific context of exile.
[גְּלָא, גְּלָה] vb. reveal
Pe. reveal secrets
Pᵉ‛îl revealed
Haph. take into exile
base
H1541 גְּלָא, גְּלָה reveal
1541 glah ghel-aw'
(Aramaic) or glat (Aramaic) {ghel-aw'}; corresponding to
1540:--bring over, carry away, reveal.
see HEBREW for 01540
גְּלָא (ge.lah) — to reveal.
1) to reveal
1a) (P'al) to reveal (secrets), be revealed
1b) (Aphel) to take into exile
Adj — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularAVqrmsa
רָז (raz) refers to a mystery or secret, derived from an unused Aramaic root that likely means to hide or attenuate. The entries emphasize its figurative use, indicating something concealed or not easily understood.
H7328 רָז
7328 raz rawz
(Aramaic) from an unused root probably meaning to attenuate,
i.e. (figuratively) hide; a mystery:--secret.
רָז (raz) — mystery.
secret
Adj — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteANcmpa
יְדַע (yda) means 'to know' and encompasses various forms of knowledge and communication. It can refer to knowing something personally or causing someone else to know. The entries indicate its use in both Hebrew and Aramaic contexts, with a focus on the act of informing or teaching.
יְדַע vb. know
Pe. know
Haph. cause to know, inform
base
H3046 יְדַע
3046 yda` yed-ah'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3045:--certify, know, make known,
teach.
see HEBREW for 03045
יְדַע (ye.da) — to know.
1) to know
1a) (P'al) to know
1b) (Aphel) to let someone know, communicate, inform, cause to know
Adj | V-Hiphil-Perf-3ms — Conjunction · verb hiphil perfect third person masculine singularAC/Vhp3ms
מֶ֫לֶךְ (melek) means 'king' in Hebrew and is also noted in Aramaic. The entries confirm its singular meaning related to royalty, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
מֶ֫לֶךְ 178 n.m. king
base
H4430 מֶ֫לֶךְ
4430 melek meh'-lek
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4428; a king:--king, royal.
see HEBREW for 04428
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — king.
king
Aramaic of me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4428)
§ 1) king
Adj | N-ms | Art — Preposition · noun common both singular determined · particleAR/Ncbsd/Ta
King
Is in Scripture very generally used to denote one invested with authority, whether extensive or limited. There were thirty-one kings in Canaan (Josh. 12:9, 24), whom Joshua subdued. Adonibezek subdued seventy kings (Judg. 1:7). In the New Testament the Roman emperor is spoken of as a king (1 Pet. 2:13, 17); and Herod Antipas, who was only a tetrarch, is also called a king (Matt. 14:9; Mark 6:22).
This title is applied to God (1 Tim. 1:17), and to Christ, the Son of God (1 Tim. 6:15, 16;
"a chief ruler, one invested with supreme authority over a nation, tribe or country." --Webster. In the Bible the word does not necessarily imply great power or great extent of country. Many persons are called kings whom we should rather call chiefs or leaders. The word is applied in the Bible to God as the sovereign and ruler of the universe, and to Christ the Son of God as the head and governor of the Church. The Hebrews were ruled by a king during a period of about 500 years previous to the destruction of Jerusalem, B.C. 586. The immediate occasion of the substitution of a regal form of government for that of judges seems to have been the siege of Jabesh-gilead by Nahash king of the Ammonites. (1 Samuel 11:1; 12:12) The conviction seems to have forced itself on the Israelites that they could not resist their formidable neighbor…
נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר (Nbuwkadnetstsar) refers to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon known for capturing Jerusalem and exiling the people of Judah. The name is of Aramaic origin and translates to "may Nebo protect the crown." He is first mentioned in 2 Kings 24:1 and is noted as the father of Belshazzar.
נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר 31 n.pr.m.
base
H5020 נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר
5020 Nbuwkadnetstsar neb-oo-kad-nets-tsar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5019:--Nebuchadnezzar.
see HEBREW for 05019
נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר, נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר (ne.vu.khad.nets.tsar) — Nebuchadnezzar.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.24.1;
father of: Belshazzar (H1112)
Aramaic of ne.vu.khad.nets.tsar (נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר, נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר "Nebuchadnezzar" H5019)
§ Nebuchadnezzar = "may Nebo protect the crown"
the great king of Babylon who captured Jerusalem and carried Judah captive
Adj — Noun proper masculineANpm
Nebuchadnezzar
In the Babylonian orthography Nabu-kudur-uzur, which means “Nebo, protect the crown!” or the “frontiers.” In an inscription he styles himself “Nebo’s favourite.” He was the son and successor of Nabopolassar, who delivered Babylon from its dependence on Assyria and laid Nineveh in ruins. He was the greatest and most powerful of all the Babylonian kings. He married the daughter of Cyaxares, and thus the Median and Babylonian dynasties were united.
Necho II., the king of Egypt, gained a victory over the Assyrians at Carchemish. (See JOSIAH; MEGIDDO.) This secured to Egypt the possession of the Syrian provinces of Assyria, including Palestine. The remaining provinces of the Assyrian empire were divided between Babylonia and Media. But Nabopolassar was ambitious of reconquering from Necho the western provinces of Syria, and for this purpose he sent his son with a…
Called in Jeremiah Nebuchadnezzar, the son and successor of Nabopolassar, succeeded to the kingdom of Chaldea about 600 B. C. He had been some time before associated in the kingdom, and sent to recover Carchemish, which had been wrested from the empire by Necho king of Egypt. Having been successful, he marched against the governor of Phoenicia, and Jehoiakim king of Judah, tributary of Necho king of Egypt. He took Jehoiakim, and put him in chains to carry him captive to Babylon; but afterwards he left him in Judea, on condition of his paying a large annual tribute. He took away several persons from Jerusalem; among others, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, all of the royal family, whom the king of Babylon caused to be carefully educated in the language and learning of the Chaldeans, that they might be employed at court, 2Ki…
Nebuchadrezzar, tears and groans of judgment
→ Also called NEBUCHADREZZAR
→ King of Babylon Jer 21:2
→ Empire of
→ See BABYLON
→ His administration Da 1; 2; 3; 4
→ Conquests
Of Jerusalem 2Ki 24; 25; 1Ch 6:15; 2Ch 36:5-21; Ezr 1:7; Jer 39
מָה (mah) is an interrogative and indefinite pronoun meaning 'what?' or 'whatever.' It can also express inquiries like 'how?' or 'why?'. The word is noted in both Hebrew and Aramaic contexts, with a range that includes various forms of questioning.
מָה, (מָא) pron.interr. and indef. what?
base
H4101 מָה, (מָא) pron. interr. and indef. what?
4101 mah maw
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4100:--how great (mighty), that
which, what(-soever), why.
see HEBREW for 04100
מָה (mah) — what?.
1) what, whatever
1a) what?
1b) whatever, what, whatsoever
1c) how?, why?, wherefore? (with prefixes)
Adj — PronounAPi
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
AC — ConjunctionAC
הֲוָא (hava') means to come to pass, become, or be. It is used in various contexts, often in connection with other words, indicating actions like to see, seek, or walk. The entries highlight its range of applications in both Hebrew and Aramaic, with a focus on existence and becoming.
הֲוָא, הֲוָה 71 vb. come to pass, become, be
base
H1934 הֲוָא, הֲוָה come to pass, become, be
1934 hava' hav-aw'
(Aramaic) orhavah (Aramaic) {hav-aw'}; corresponding to 1933;
to exist; used in a great variety of applications (especially
in connection with other words):--be, become, + behold, + came
(to pass), + cease, + cleave, + consider, + do, + give, +
have, + judge, + keep, + labour, + mingle (self), + put, +
see, + seek, + set, + slay, + take heed, tremble, + walk, +
would.
see HEBREW for 01933
הֲוָא (ha.va) — to be.
1) to come to pass, become, be
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to come to pass
1a2) to come into being, arise, become, come to be
1a2a) to let become known (with participle of knowing)
1a3) to be
Adj — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularAVqi3ms
אַחֲרִית (achariyth) means 'end' or 'latter.' It is derived from the Aramaic term for 'end' and is referenced in Daniel 2:28. The word emphasizes a sense of finality or the latter part of something.
אַחֲרִית n.f.cstr. end;—Dn 2:28
ref
H320 אַחֲרִית
320 'achariyth akh-ar-eeth'
(Aramaic) from 311; the same as 319; later:--latter.
see HEBREW for 0311
see HEBREW for 0319
אַחֲרִית (a.cha.rit) — latter.
end, latter
Aramaic of a.cha.rit (אַחֲרִית "end" H0319)
Adj | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular constructAR/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יוֹם (yowm) means 'day' and refers to a twenty-four hour period, especially when specified by a number. It can also denote a time or period in a broader sense. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
H3118 יוֹם
3118 yowm yome
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3117; a day:--day (by day), time.
see HEBREW for 03117
יוֹם (yom) — day.
1) day
2) day always refers to a twenty-four hour period when the word is modified by a definite or cardinal number
Adj | Art — Noun common masculine plural determined · particleANcmpd/Ta
חֵ֫לֶם (chelem) means 'dream' in Aramaic, derived from a root related to חֲלוֹם (chalom). The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to a dream, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
חֵ֫לֶם 22 n.m. dream
base
H2493 חֵ֫לֶם
2493 chelem khay'-lem
(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to 2492; a dream:--dream.
see HEBREW for 02492
חֵ֫לֶם (che.lem) — dream.
dream
Aramaic of cha.lom (חֲלוֹם "dream" H2472)
Adj | Suff — Noun common both singular construct · suffixANcbsc/Sp2ms
חֱזוּ (chezev) refers to a vision or appearance, derived from the root meaning related to sight. It encompasses the idea of a vision or an appearance, as noted in various lexicons. The term is used in Aramaic contexts, linking it to the concept of seeing or looking.
[חֱזוּ] n.m. vision, appearance
base
H2376 חֱזוּ, חֵזֵו
2376 chezev khay'-zev
(Aramaic) from 2370; a sight:--look, vision.
see HEBREW for 02370
חֱזוּ (che.zev) — vision.
1) vision, appearance
1a) vision
1b) appearance
Adj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural constructAC/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
רֵאשׁ (re'sh) means 'head' in Hebrew, and can refer to a person's head, the chief or leader of a group, or the essential content of matters. The word is built from the concept of being at the top or forefront, covering meanings related to leadership and summation. It appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, emphasizing its figurative use.
רֵאשׁ n.m. head
head
head as seat of vision
= chief
sum, essential content, of matters
base
H7217 רֵאשׁ
7217 re'sh raysh
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7218; the head; figuratively, the
sum:--chief, head, sum.
see HEBREW for 07218
רֵאשׁ (resh) — head.
1) chief, head
1a) head (of man)
1b) head (as seat of visions)
1c) chief
1d) sum (essential content)
Adj | Suff — Noun common both singular construct · suffixANcbsc/Sp2ms
עַל (al) is a preposition meaning 'upon,' 'over,' or 'against.' It covers a range of uses, including direction, comparison, and causation. The entries indicate it can express relationships concerning location, purpose, or authority. There is a note that it corresponds to the Aramaic term related to another Hebrew word, עַל (H5921), but no significant disagreement among lexicons is noted.
עַל prep. upon, over, on account of, above, to, against
base
H5922 עַל
5922 `al al
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5921:--about, against,
concerning, for, (there-)fore, from, in, X more, of, (there-,
up-)on, (in-)to, + why with.
see HEBREW for 05921
עַל (al) — since.
1) upon, over, on account of, above, to, against
1a) upon, over, on account of, regarding, concerning, on behalf of
1b) over (with verbs of ruling)
1c) above, beyond (in comparison)
1d) to, against (of direction)
Adj — PrepositionAR
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
מִשְׁכַּב (mishkab) refers to a bed or couch. It is noted in both Hebrew and Aramaic contexts, with the Aramaic form being מִשְׁכָּב (mishkav). The entries consistently define it as a place for lying down.
[מִשְׁכַּב] n.[m.] couch, bed
base
H4903 מִשְׁכַּב
4903 mishkab mish-kab'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4904; a bed:--bed.
see HEBREW for 04904
מִשְׁכַּב (mish.kav) — bed.
couch, bed
Aramaic of mish.kav (מִשְׁכָּב "bed" H4904)
Adj | Suff — Noun common both singular construct · suffixANcbsc/Sp2ms
דְּנָה (denah) is an Aramaic word meaning 'this' and is used as a demonstrative pronoun. It can also imply 'therefore' or 'on account of this.' The entries indicate that it is an orthographical variation of another word, דָּן (dan), but do not provide specific Old Testament references.
דְּנָה 57 demonstr.pr.comm. this
base
H1836 דְּנָה, דֵּן
1836 den dane
(Aramaic) an orthographical variation of 1791; this:--
(afore-)time, + after this manner, here (-after),
one...another, such, there(-fore), these, this (matter), +
thus, where(-fore), which.
see HEBREW for 01791
דְּנָה (de.nah) — this.
demons pron
1) this, on account of this
adv
2) therefore
Adj — ParticleATm
הוּא is a pronoun meaning 'he,' 'she,' or 'it,' with variations in usage based on gender. It serves to emphasize or resume the subject, anticipate the subject, or affirm existence. The word appears in both masculine and feminine forms, with 14 occurrences for the masculine and 7 for the feminine.
הוּא 14 m. הִיא 7 f. pron. of 3s. he, she, it
base
H1932 הוּא, הִיא
1932 huw hoo
(Aramaic) or (feminine) hiyo (Aramaic) {he}; corresponding to
1931:--X are, it, this.
see HEBREW for 01931
הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.
1) he, she, it
1a) (emphasising and resuming subject)
1b)(anticipating subj)
1c) as demons pron
1d) (relative)
1e) (affirming existence)
APp3ms — PronounAPp3ms