Exodus 23:28 — Word Study
WLCוְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥י אֶת־ הַצִּרְעָ֖ה לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה אֶת־ הַחִוִּ֧י אֶת־ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י וְאֶת־ הַחִתִּ֖י מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃
BSAI will sendshâlach [dispatch, drive out with] the hornettsirʻâh [a type of wasp that stings] before youpânîym to drivegârash [expel, thrust out] the HivitesChivvîy [a member of an ancient tribe in Palestine, descended from Canaan] and CanaanitesKᵉnaʻanîy [merchants and traders from the land of Canaan] and HittitesChittîy [descendants of Heth, a man who lived during the time of the Patriarchs] out of your waypânîym [from before, away from, presence, face]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥י | and I will send | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect first person common singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| הַצִּרְעָ֖ה | the hornet | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| לְפָנֶ֑יךָ | before you | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה | and it will drive out | Verb, Piel, sequential perfect third person feminine singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| הַחִוִּ֧י | the Hivite[s] | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י | the Canaanite[s] | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| הַחִתִּ֖י | the Hittite[s] | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃ | from to before you | Preposition, preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way. |
| KJV | And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee. |
| ASV | And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee. |
| YLT | 'And I have sent the hornet before thee, and it hath cast out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee; |
| WEB | I will send the hornet before you, which will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before you. |
| BBE | I will send hornets before you, driving out the Hivite and the Canaanite and the Hittite before your face. |
Where they part company is in the translation of הַצִּרְעָה — see How Translations Differ.
The verse contains two main clauses, each followed by additional phrases that clarify the objects and direction of the actions.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׁלַח
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Exodus 23:28
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Promise of Assistancegenerated
Exodus 23:28 is part of God's instructions to the Israelites as they prepare to enter the Promised Land. In this context, God assures them of His support by sending a hornet to drive out the inhabitants of the land, specifically the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites. This promise illustrates God's active role in their conquest and the importance of divine intervention in their journey.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deuteronomy 7:20 | Moreover, the LORD your God will send the hornet against them until even the survivors hiding from you have perished. |
| 2 | Joshua 24:11 | After this, you crossed the Jordan and came to Jericho. The people of Jericho fought against you, as did the Amorites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hittites, Girgashites, Hivites, and Jebusites, and I delivered them into your hand. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שָׁלַח, ve.sha.lach.Tigenerated
The verb שָׁלַח (shalach) means 'to send' and is used here in the first person singular form, indicating that God Himself will send the hornet. This word encompasses a range of meanings, including sending away or letting go, which emphasizes God's authority in directing events.
In this verse, the action of sending is significant because it demonstrates God's proactive involvement in ensuring the Israelites' success as they face their enemies. The use of the sequential perfect tense indicates that this action is a definitive promise from God.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb in this verse is שָׁלַחְתִּ֥י (I will send), which governs the entire sentence. It is followed by a noun phrase indicating the object being sent — הַצִּרְעָה (the hornet) — and a prepositional phrase indicating the direction of the action — לְפָנֶ֑יךָ (before you).
The structure emphasizes God's direct action and His promise to assist the Israelites by driving out their enemies. The arrangement of the sentence highlights the sequence of actions God will take to ensure their victory.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שָׁלַח as ἀποστελῶ (apostelō), meaning 'I will send'. This choice reflects a direct correspondence to the Hebrew meaning, emphasizing the act of sending as a deliberate action by God.
Additionally, the word הַצִּרְעָה is rendered as σφηκίας (sphikias), which refers to wasps, maintaining the idea of a stinging insect that God will use to aid the Israelites.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Exodus 23:28 shows God promising to send a hornet to drive out the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites before the Israelites. This highlights God's support in helping His people conquer the land.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies God's direct intervention in helping the Israelites by using a natural means to drive out their enemies.
These are ancient tribes living in Canaan, which God promises to remove from the land to make way for the Israelites.
The hornet serves as a means of confusion and fear, helping to drive out the inhabitants without direct confrontation.
This promise demonstrates God's faithfulness and His commitment to assist His people in fulfilling their destiny.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see God's hand at work in my life, driving out obstacles?
- How can I trust in God's promises when facing challenges?
- What does it mean for me to rely on God's assistance in my daily struggles?
- How can I be more aware of God's presence guiding me like the hornet in this verse?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Exodus 23:28 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd I will send hornets before thee,.... Which may be interpreted either figuratively, and so may signify the same as fear before which should fall on the Canaanites upon hearing the Israelites were
Read John Gill on Exodus 23 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee. And I will send hornets before thee (cf.
Read Robert Jamieson on Exodus 23 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHornets, properly so called, as may be gathered from . Hornets are of themselves very troublesome and mischievous; but these it is very probable were like those Egyptian flies, , of an extraordinary bigness and perniciousness. Nor is it strange that such creatures did drive many of these people from their habitations; for many heathen writers give us instances of some people driven from their seats by frogs, others by mice, others by bees and wasps; of which see Herodotus, Diodorus, Pliny, Elian, Justin, &c. He names these three people, either for all the rest, because they were the most potent about the time of Israel’ s first entrance into Canaan, and gave them most trouble; or because…
Read Matthew Poole on Exodus 23 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsExodus 23:28 And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.Ver. 28. Hornets before thee.] Understand it either literally, as in Joshua 24:12; or figuratively, of the stinging terrors of their self-condemning consciences.
Read John Trapp on Exodus 23 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(28) I will send hornets.—Heb., the hornet. Comp. Joshua 24:12, where “the hornet” is said to have been sent. No doubt hornets might be so numerous as to become an intolerable plague, and induce a nation to quit its country and seek another (see Bochart, Hierozoic. iv. 13). But as we have no historical account of the kind in connection with the Canaanite races, the expression here used is scarcely to be taken literally. Probably the Egyptians are the hornets intended. It was they who, under Rameses III., broke the power of the Hittites and other nations of Palestine, while the Israelites were sojourners in the wilderness. Possibly the term was chosen in reference to the hieroglyphic sign…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Exodus 23 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 28. I will send hornets before thee] הצרעה hatstsirah. The root is not found in Hebrew, but it may be the same with the Arabic [Arabic] saraa, to lay prostrate, to strike down; the hornet, probably so called from the destruction occasioned by the violence of its sting. The hornet, in natural history, belongs to the species crabro, of the genus vespa or wasp; it is a most voracious insect, and is exceedingly strong for its size, which is generally an inch in length, though I have seen some an inch and a half long, and so strong that, having caught one in a small pair of forceps, it repeatedly escaped by using violent contortions, so that at last I was obliged to abandon all hopes of…
Read AdamClarke on Exodus 23 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges28. the hornet] so Deuteronomy 7:20; Joshua 24:12 (E). The writer imagines swarms of this terrible insect employed to clear the Canaanites away before Israel, and expel them even from their hiding-places (see Dt. l.c.). the Hivite, &c.] see on Exodus 3:8.
Read Cambridge on Exodus 23 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHornets - Compare the marginal references. The word is used figuratively for a cause of terror and discouragement. Bees are spoken of in the like sense, Deuteronomy 1:44; Psalms 118:12.
Read Albert Barnes on Exodus 23 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.
I will send the hornet before you, which will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before you.
I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.
I will send hornets before you that will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite before you.
Tyndale line
And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.
And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.
And I will send the hornet before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.
And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before thee.
And I will sende hornets before thee, which shall driue out the Hiuites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites from thy face.
Strictly literal
And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.
'And I have sent the hornet before thee, and it hath cast out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee;
And I have sent the hornet before you, and it has cast out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite from before you;
And I will send hornets before thee, and they shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.
I will send hornets before you that will drive out the Hivites, Canaanites, and the Hittites from before you.
From the Latin
Sending out hornets before, that shall drive away the Hevite, and the Chanaanite, and the Hethite, before thou come in.
Simplified
I will send hornets ahead of you to drive out before you the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites.
I will send hornets before you, driving out the Hivite and the Canaanite and the Hittite before your face.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states, "I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way." The Septuagint does not provide a complete text for comparison, but it matches 9 of the 12 words from the Masoretic Text. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs significantly, listing the Amorites, Girgashites, Perizzites, and Jebusites instead of the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites found in the Masoretic Text. This indicates a variation in the identification of the groups being driven out, which is a notable difference in the textual tradition.
וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥י אֶת־ הַצִּרְעָ֖ה לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה אֶת־ הַחִוִּ֧י אֶת־ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י וְאֶת־ הַחִתִּ֖י מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃
9 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ושׁלחתי את הצרעה לפניך וגרשׁה את הכנעני ואת האמרי ואת החתי ואת הגרגשׁי ואת הפרזי ואת החוי ואת היבוסי מלפניך
4 words differ from the Masoretic Text: אמרי (Amorite), גרגשׁי (Girgashite), פרזי (Perizzite), יבוסי (Jebusite)
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Exodus 23:28
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שָׁלַח (shalach) is a primitive root meaning 'to send' with a wide range of applications. It can refer to sending away, stretching out (especially a hand), or letting go. The entries indicate various forms, including sending off, casting out, and setting free. Notably, it can also imply divorce or being sent away in a marital context.
שָׁלַח 814 vb. send
Qal
send: human subj.
send: subj. י׳ (God)
stretch out, esp. acc. hand
rarely send away: human subj.
let loose
Niph. letters were sent
Pi.
send off, away, human subj.
send away, subj. י׳
give over
cast out
send out, forth
let go, set free
shoot forth branches
let down
shoot
Phrases
Pu. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
Hiph. and I (י׳) will send
base
H7971 שָׁלַח send .. send: human subj.
. send: subj. י׳ (God)
. stretch out, esp. acc. hand
. rarely send away: human subj.
. let loose
. letters were sent
. . send off, away, human subj.
. . send away, subj. י׳
. give over
. cast out
. send out, forth
. let go, set free
. shoot forth branches
. let down
. shoot
. Phrases
. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
. and I (י׳) will send
7971 shalach shaw-lakh'
a primitive root; to send away, for, or out (in a great
variety of applications):--X any wise, appoint, bring (on the
way), cast (away, out), conduct, X earnestly, forsake, give
(up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose),
push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send
(away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread,
stretch forth (out).
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: depart.
: depart/send
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
1d) (Pual) to be sent off, be put away, be divorced, be impelled
1e) (Hiphil) to send
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: let go.
: let_go/free
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
Conj | V-Qal-1cs — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect first person common singularHc/Vqq1cs
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
צִרְעָה (tsir'ah) refers to hornets, potentially emphasizing their stinging nature. The word is derived from a root meaning to wound or prostrate. It appears in the context of describing these insects, though specific Old Testament verses are not mentioned.
צִרְעָה n.f.coll. hornets (? as wounding, prostrating; NH = BH)
base
H6880 צִרְעָה hornets (? as wounding, prostrating; NH = BH)
6880 tsir`ah tsir-aw'
from 6879; a wasp (as stinging):--hornet.
see HEBREW for 06879
צִרְעָה (tsir.ah) — hornet.
hornets
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa
hor'-net (tsir`ah; compare tsor`ah, "Zorah" (Jud 13:2, etc.); also compare tsara`ath, "leprosy" (Le 13:2, etc.); from tsara`, "to smite"; Septuagint sphekia, literally, "wasp's nest"): Hornets are mentioned only in Ex 23:28; De 7:20; Jos 24:12. All three references are to the miraculous interposition of God in driving out before the Israelites the original inhabitants of the promised land. There has been much speculation as to whether hornets are literally meant. The following seems to throw some light on this question (Ex 23:20,27,28): "Behold, I send an angel…
Hornet
Heb. tsir’ah, “stinging”, (Ex. 23:28; Deut. 7:20; Josh. 24:12). The word is used in these passages as referring to some means by which the Canaanites were to be driven out from before the Israelites. Some have supposed that the word is used in a metaphorical sense as the symbol of some panic which would seize the people as a “terror of God” (Gen. 35:5), the consternation with which God would inspire the Canaanites. In Palestine there are four species of hornets, differing from our hornets, being larger in size, and they are very abundant. They “attack human beings in a very furious manner.” “The furious attack of a swarm of hornets drives cattle and horses to…
The hornet bears a general resemblance to the common wasp, only it is larger. It is exceedingly fierce and voracious, especially in hot climates and its sting is frequently dangerous. In Scripture the hornet is referred to only by the means which Jehovah employed for the extirpation of the Canaanites. (Exodus 23:28; 7:20; Joshua 24:12) Wisd. 12:8. (It is said that the Phaselitae, a Phoenician people, were driven from their locality by hornets; and other examples are given in Paxton’s "Illustrations of Scripture," 1:303.--ED.)
The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.
[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces
face, faces
presence, person
technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
face of seraphim
face of animals
face (= surface) of ground
as adv.loc. before
for other phrases
with prepositions
base
H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces
. . presence, person
. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
. face of seraphim
. face of animals
. face (= surface) of ground
. as adv. loc. before
. for other phrases
. with prepositions
6440 paniym paw-neem'
plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh
{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);
used in a great variety of applications (literally and
figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a
preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),
against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),
+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,
face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er
time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +
honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +
meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,
open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,
presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right
forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,
X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.
: before/to/front
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.
: face
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…
Prep | N-cp | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncmpc/Sp2ms
גָּרַשׁ (garash) is a Hebrew verb meaning to drive out or cast out. It encompasses a range of actions including expelling, divorcing, and thrusting away. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to cast out) and Niphal (to be driven away). Notably, it can refer to both physical expulsion and the act of divorce.
[גָּרַשׁ] vb. drive out, cast out
Qal cast out, thrust out
Niph. be driven away
Pi. drive out, away
Pu. subj. Israelites; subj. despised and miserable outcasts
base
H1644 גָּרַשׁ drive out, cast out
1644 garash gaw-rash'
a primitive root; to drive out from a possession; especially
to expatriate or divorce:--cast up (out), divorced (woman),
drive away (forth, out), expel, X surely put away, trouble,
thrust out.
גָּרַשׁ (ga.rash) — to drive out: drive out.
: drive out
1) to drive out, expel, cast out, drive away, divorce, put away, thrust away, trouble, cast up
1a) (Qal) to thrust out, cast out
1b) (Niphal) to be driven away, be tossed
1c) (Piel) to drive out, drive away
1d) (Pual) to be thrust out
Also means: ga.rash (גָּרַשׁ ": divorce" H1644H)
גָּרַשׁ (ga.rash) — to drive out: divorce.
: divorce
1) to drive out, expel, cast out, drive away, divorce, put away, thrust away, trouble, cast up
1a) (Qal) to thrust out, cast out
1b) (Niphal) to be driven away, be tossed
1c) (Piel) to drive out, drive away
1d) (Pual) to be thrust out
Conj | V-Piel-3fs — Verb · Piel · sequential perfect third person feminine singularHc/Vpq3fs
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
חִוִּי (Chivviy) refers to the Hivites, a group of villagers descended from Canaan, specifically mentioned in Genesis 10:17. They are described as one of the aboriginal tribes of Palestine, living in northern Canaan near Mount Hermon during the conquest. The term may derive from a root meaning 'villager'.
חִוִּי adj.gent. (= villagers?)
base
H2340 חִוִּי (= villagers?)
2340 Chivviy khiv-vee'
perhaps from 2333; a villager; a Chivvite, one of the
aboriginal tribes of Palestine:--Hivite.
see HEBREW for 02333
חִוִּי (chiv.vi) — Hivite.
Someone descended from Hiv(?) of the Canaanites, first mentioned at Gen.10.17; descended from Canaan (H3667); along with Sidon (H6721), Heth (H2845), Jebusite (H2983), Amorite (H0567), Girgashite (H1622), Arkite (H6208), Sinite (H5513), Arvadite (H0721), Zemarite (H6786) and Hamathite (H2577)
§ Hivite = "villagers"
6th generation of descendants of Canaan, the son of Ham, who were living in northern Canaan near Mount Hermon at the time of the conquest
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
כְּנַעֲנִי (ken-ah-an-ee) refers to a Canaanite, an inhabitant of Canaan, and also denotes a merchant or trader. It is derived from the root word for Canaan, which can imply a connection to trade, as Canaanites were known for their mercantile activities. The term can also describe a woman from Canaan, first mentioned in Genesis 46:10.
כְּנַעֲנִי adj. et nom.gent.
base
כְּנַעֲנִי n.m. trader, merchant
base
H3669a כְּנַעֲנִי adj. et nom. gent. H3669b כְּנַעֲנִי trader, merchant
3669 Kna`aniy ken-ah-an-ee'
patrial from 3667; a Kenaanite or inhabitant of Kenaan; by
implication, a pedlar (the Canaanites standing for their
neighbors the Ishmaelites, who conducted mercantile
caravans):--Canaanite, merchant, trafficker.
see HEBREW for 03667
כְּנַעֲנִי (ke.na.a.ni) — Canaanite.
Group of ke.na.an (כְּנַ֫עַן "Canaan" H3667A)
§ Canaanite, of Cana "zealous"
adj
descendant or inhabitant of Canaan
כְּנַעֲנִי (ke.na.a.ni) — merchant.
a merchant, trader
Group of ke.na.an (כְּנַ֫עַן "merchant" H3667B)
כְּנַעֲנִי (ke.na.a.ni) — Canaanitess.
Describing a woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.46.10;
mother of: Shaul (H7586H)
§ a merchant, trader
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
חִתִּי (Chittiy) refers to a Hittite, a descendant of Heth, who is mentioned in the context of the Canaanite lineage in the Old Testament. The term denotes both an individual and the nation that inhabited regions of Anatolia and later parts of Lebanon. It is linked to the broader family of nations descended from Canaan, as noted in Genesis 10:15.
חִתִּי adj. et n.gent. Hittite(s)
base
H2850 חִתִּי Hittite(s)
2850 Chittiy khit-tee'
patronymically from 2845; a Chittite, or descendant of
Cheth:--Hittite, Hittities.
see HEBREW for 02845
חִתִּי (chit.ti) — Hittite.
Someone descended from Heth who was a man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.15;
son of: Canaan (H3667);
brother of: Sidon (H6721), Jebusite (H2983), Amorite (H0567), Girgashite (H1622), Hivite (H2340), Arkite (H6208), Sinite (H5513), Arvadite (H0721), Zemarite (H6786) and Hamathite (H2577); also called Hittite (KJV: "of Heth") frequently
Group of chet (חֵת "Heth" H2845)
§ Hittite = "descendant of Heth"
the nation descended from Heth, the 2nd son of Canaan; once inhabitants of central Anatolia (modern Turkey), later in north Lebanon
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.
[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces
face, faces
presence, person
technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
face of seraphim
face of animals
face (= surface) of ground
as adv.loc. before
for other phrases
with prepositions
base
H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces
. . presence, person
. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
. face of seraphim
. face of animals
. face (= surface) of ground
. as adv. loc. before
. for other phrases
. with prepositions
6440 paniym paw-neem'
plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh
{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);
used in a great variety of applications (literally and
figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a
preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),
against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),
+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,
face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er
time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +
honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +
meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,
open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,
presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right
forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,
X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.
: before/to/front
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.
: face
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…
Prep | Prep | N-cp | Suff — Preposition · preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHR/R/Ncmpc/Sp2ms