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Ezekiel 36:25 — Word Study

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WLCוְזָרַקְתִּ֧י עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם מַ֥יִם טְהוֹרִ֖ים וּטְהַרְתֶּ֑ם מִכֹּ֧ל טֻמְאוֹתֵיכֶ֛ם וּמִכָּל־ גִּלּ֥וּלֵיכֶ֖ם אֲטַהֵ֥ר אֶתְכֶֽם׃

BSAI will also sprinklezâraq [pour over, scatter] cleanṭâhôwr [pure, ceremonially clean] watermayim [a spring or watercourse] on youʻal and you will be cleanṭâhêr [become, declared, ritually pure, morally blameless] I will cleanseṭâhêr [purify, wash away] youʼêth from allkôl [every, each] your impuritiesṭumʼâh [uncleanness, sinful defilement] and allkôl [every, each] your idolsgillûwl [false gods, objects of worship]

Word
Listen & take awayEzekiel 36
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 25 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('et.Khem) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Ezekiel 36:25quick helps
In a sentenceGod promises to cleanse His people from their impurities and idols through the sprinkling of clean water.
Who is speakingGod, addressing the people of Israel.
Where we areThis verse is part of God's promise of restoration to Israel.
The hard wordזָרַקְתִּי
Take awayCleansing and purification are central themes in this promise.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbזָרַק The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Ezekiel 36:25

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — God's Promise of Restorationgenerated

24For I will take you from among the nations and gather you out of all the countries, and I will bring you back into your own land.
25I will also sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean. I will cleanse you from all your impurities and all your idols.
26I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you; I will remove your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh.
27And I will put My Spirit within you and cause you to walk in My statutes and to carefully observe My ordinances.

Ezekiel 36:25 is part of a larger promise where God speaks of restoring Israel after their exile. He emphasizes the importance of spiritual purity and the removal of idolatry, which are crucial for the community's renewal and relationship with Him. This promise reassures the people that they will be cleansed and made new, preparing them for a renewed covenant with God.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Leviticus 14:5–7Then the priest shall command that one of the birds be slaughtered over fresh water in a clay pot.
2Numbers 8:7This is what you must do to cleanse them: Sprinkle them with the water of purification. Have them shave their whole bodies and wash their clothes, and so purify themselves.
3Numbers 19:13–20Anyone who touches a human corpse and fails to purify himself defiles the tabernacle of the LORD. That person must be cut off from Israel. He remains unclean, because the water of purification has not been sprinkled on him, and his uncleanness is still on him.
4Psalm 51:7Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow.
5Isaiah 52:15so He will sprinkle many nations. Kings will shut their mouths because of Him. For they will see what they have not been told, and they will understand what they have not heard.

The Key Word זָרַק, ve.za.rak.Tigenerated

The verb זָרַק (zaraq) means to sprinkle or scatter, often in a ceremonial context. It is used here to describe the act of sprinkling clean water as a means of purification, reminiscent of purification rituals in Leviticus.

This verb is in the Qal stem, indicating a simple action, and is in the first person singular, showing that God Himself will perform this act. The use of this word highlights God's active role in the cleansing process.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The translations agree on the central theme of cleansing and purification in this verse.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb is זָרַקְתִּי, and I will sprinkle, which governs the entire sentence. This is followed by a prepositional phrase indicating the recipient of the action, and a noun phrase that describes what will be sprinkled.

The structure emphasizes the action of sprinkling as the focal point, with the subsequent clauses detailing the results of that action: the people will be cleansed from impurities and idols.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates זָרַק as ῥανῶ, which also means 'to sprinkle.' This choice reflects a direct connection to the ceremonial aspect of purification, maintaining the original intent of the Hebrew.

The use of ῥανῶ indicates that the Greek translators understood the significance of the act of sprinkling in the context of ritual cleanliness.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Ezekiel 36:25 tells us that God will sprinkle clean water on His people, making them pure and cleansing them from their impurities and idols. This promise is part of God's larger plan to restore Israel and renew their relationship with Him.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to sprinkle clean water?

Sprinkling clean water symbolizes purification and cleansing, often used in rituals to signify the removal of sin and impurity.

Why is cleansing from idols important?

Cleansing from idols is crucial as it represents turning away from false gods and returning to a true relationship with God.

How does this verse relate to the concept of a new heart?

This verse sets the stage for the subsequent promise of a new heart, indicating that purification is necessary for spiritual renewal.

What role does water play in purification rituals?

Water is a common symbol of life and cleansing in the Bible, representing the washing away of sin and the restoration of purity.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life do I need God's cleansing touch?
  2. How can I actively participate in the process of spiritual renewal?
  3. What idols might I need to identify and remove from my life?
  4. How does understanding God's promise of purification change my view of my relationship with Him?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers reference this verse to discuss themes of baptism and spiritual renewal, emphasizing the significance of the cleansing water.

CyprianEpistle LXIX:1 c. 200–258
The water ought to be first cleansed and sanctified by the bishop that it may be able to wash away in its baptism the sins of the one who is baptized.
Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 36 →
JeromeCOMMENTARY ON Ezekiel 11:36.1-15 c. 347–420
Careful consideration should be given to what a new heart and a new spirit is given when the water has been poured and sprinkled.
Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 36 →
Theodoret of CyrusCOMMENTARY ON Ezekiel 14:36 c. 393–460
He calls the pure water the water of rebirth, because we who have been baptized have received the forgiveness of our sins.
Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 36 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 36:25 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you,.... Not baptismal water, as Jerom; an ordinance indeed of the Gospel, and to which the Jews will submit when converted; and which is performed by water, but

Read John Gill on Ezekiel 36 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you. Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean.

Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 36 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

He alludes to the sprinklings under the law, perhaps to that , which was for purification of sin; and ,20. So God will purify them from their guilt. Clean water: some think it may refer to baptismal water; if so, it is to the blood of Christ, signified by it, and this, say the best expositors, is here intended, and this is the blood of sprinkling, . Ye shall be clean; when sin is remitted, the person is indeed clean, both in the account of God and Christ. From all your filthiness; though they have been many of all sorts, and among all ranks of men, yet multitude of sins shall not hinder me from pardoning. From all your idols; that notorious great abomination, your multiplied idolatry, I…

Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 36 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Ezekiel 36:25 Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you.Ver. 25. Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you.] He alludeth to the legal purifications, especially that made by the ashes of a red cow mixed with running water, wherewith the people were sprinkled, and so cleansed from legal defilement. Semblably the saints, sprinkled with Christ’ s blood from an evil conscience by the hyssop bunch of faith, and so washed with clean water in baptism, the saving virtue whereof is permanent, are justified and sanctified. This blessed sprinkling David prayeth for. The Baptist also, and others, sprinkled…

Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 36 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(25) Sprinkle clean water.—Comp. Hebrews 9:13; Hebrews 10:22. Ezekiel, the priest, here refers to those manifold purifications of the Law (e.g., Numbers 8:7; Numbers 19:9; Numbers 19:17; Leviticus 14:5-7; Leviticus 14:9, &c.) which were performed by means of water; yet he refers to these as a whole, in their symbolical signification, rather than to any one of them in particular. He speaks primarily of the cleansing from idolatry and such gross outward sins, and he treats of the people collectively; yet this purification, as the following verses show, must necessarily extend much farther, and be applied to them individually. It was the same symbolism which led in later ages to the use of…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 36 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 25. Then - at the time of this great restoration - will I sprinkle clean water upon you - the truly cleansing water; the influences of the HOLY SPIRIT typified by water, whose property it is to cleanse, whiten, purify, refresh, render healthy and fruitful. From all your filthiness] From every sort of external and internal abomination and pollution. And from all your idols] False gods, false worship, false opinions, and false hopes. Will I cleanse you.] Entirely separate you.

Read AdamClarke on Ezekiel 36 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

25. Dogmatically, sprinkling with clean water might seem merely to express the idea of the forgiveness of past sins. The figure is taken from the washings by which ceremonial defilement was removed, and the figure is part of the idea. By their relation to the idols and service of them the people contracted uncleanness. And when the kind of service which this was is considered, the debasing forms which it took, and the immoralities which accompanied it or formed part of it (Hosea 4:13-14), the depth of defilement will be understood and the strong figure Ezekiel 36:17 will not appear too strong.

Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 36 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Ezekiel the priest has in view the purifying rites prescribed by the Law, the symbolic purport of which is exhibited in Hebrews 9:13-14; Hebrews 10:22.

Read Albert Barnes on Ezekiel 36 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

I will also sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean. I will cleanse you from all your impurities and all your idols.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean. I will cleanse you from all your filthiness and from all your idols.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

I will also sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean. I will cleanse you from all your impurities and all your idols.

NETBNew English Translation2006

I will sprinkle you with pure water and you will be clean from all your impurities. I will purify you from all your idols.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

¶ Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And I will sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And I will sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Then wil I powre cleane water vpon you, and ye shalbe cleane: yea, from all your filthines, and from all your idoles wil I clense you.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And I will sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your uncleannesses and from all your idols will I cleanse you.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And I have sprinkled over you clean water, And ye have been clean; From all your uncleannesses, and from all your idols, I do cleanse you.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And I have sprinkled clean water over you, || And you have been clean; I cleanse you from all your uncleannesses, || And from all your idols.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And I will sprinkle upon you clean water, and ye shall be clean: from all your impurities, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Then I will sprinkle pure water on you so you will be purified from all of your impurities, and I will purify you from all of your idols.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And I will pour upon you clean water, and you shall be cleansed from all your filthiness, and I will cleanse you from all your idols.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

I will also pour pure water over you, and you will be clean. I will wash you clean from all your uncleanness and from all your idols.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And I will put clean water on you so that you may be clean: from all your unclean ways and from all your images I will make you clean.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseverbזָרַקְתִּ֧יI.will.sprinkleprepositional phrase · prepositionalעֲלֵיonכֶ֛םyounoun phrase · objectמַ֥יִםwaterטְהוֹרִ֖יםpureוּandclauseverbטְהַרְתֶּ֑םyou.will.be.pureclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseמִfromnoun phraseכֹּ֧לallnoun phraseטֻמְאוֹתֵיuncleanness(es)כֶ֛םyourוּandprepositional phraseמִfromnoun phraseכָּלallnoun phraseגִּלּ֥וּלֵיidolsכֶ֖םyourverbאֲטַהֵ֥רI.will.purifynoun phrase · objectאֶתְכֶֽםyou

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, and the Dead Sea Scrolls largely agree on the content of this verse, with the Masoretic Text providing the most complete reading. The Dead Sea Scrolls contain partial restorations, but the essential message of cleansing and purification remains intact across these witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְזָרַקְתִּ֧י עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם מַ֥יִם טְהוֹרִ֖ים וּטְהַרְתֶּ֑ם מִכֹּ֧ל טֻמְאוֹתֵיכֶ֛ם וּמִכָּל־ גִּלּ֥וּלֵיכֶ֖ם אֲטַהֵ֥ר אֶתְכֶֽם׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְזָרַקְתִּ֧יῥανῶעֲלֵיכֶ֛םὑμᾶςמַ֥יִםὕδωρטְהוֹרִ֖יםκαθαρόνוּטְהַרְתֶּ֑םκαθαρισθήσεσθεמִכֹּ֧לπασῶνטֻמְאוֹתֵיכֶ֛םὑμῶνוּמִכָּל־πάντωνגִּלּ֥וּלֵיכֶ֖םὑμῶνאֶתְכֶֽם׃ὑμᾶς

10 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — Mas1da copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[וזרקתי] [עלי׳כם] מים טהורים וטהרתם מכל חטמאותי׳כם [ומכל] גלולי׳כם אטהר את׳כם

2 words on the leather — 6 partly restored, 3 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Ezekiel 36:25זָרַקand I will and I will spriזָרַקעַלon youon youעַלמַיwaterwaterמַיטָהוֹרpurepureטָהוֹרטָהֵרand you wiland you will beטָהֵרכֹּלfrom allfrom allכֹּלטֻמְאָהuncleannessuncleanness youטֻמְאָהכֹּלand from aland from allכֹּלגִּלּוּלidols youridols yourגִּלּוּלטָהֵרI will puriI will purifyטָהֵראֵתthe object the object markאֵתכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלטָמֵאto defileto defileטָמֵאטָהֵרbe purebe pureטָהֵרגָּלַלto rollto rollגָּלַלאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתעַלheightheightעַלטֻמְאָהuncleannesuncleannessטֻמְאָהכָּבַסto washto washכָּבַסעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהשָׁחַטto slaughtto slaughterשָׁחַטדָּםbloodbloodדָּםכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּארָחַץto wash: wto wash: washרָחַץשָׁתָהto drinkto drinkשָׁתָהצָפָהto overlayto overlayצָפָהמְנוֹרָהlampstandlampstandמְנוֹרָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 36:25

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and I will sprinkle on you water pure and you will be pure from all uncleanness your and from all idols your I will purify the object marker you
וְזָרַקְתִּ֧יve.za.rak.Ti and I will sprinkle H2236 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect first person common singular
35× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To scatter or sprinkle something, like in Leviticus 16:14 where the priest scatters blood on the altar. This act symbolizes purification and cleansing.
Amplified meaning
pour over, scatter
Tyndale gloss
to scatter
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זָרַק (zaraq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to scatter or toss, often in a plentiful manner. It can refer to both solid and fluid particles being sprinkled or thrown about. The entries indicate uses in various contexts, including the scattering of water in purification rituals. There is a note in Brown-Driver-Briggs about its use in describing profuse grey hairs.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

זָרַק vb. to toss or throw (in a volume), scatter abundantly

Qal

toss

intrans. grey hairs are profuse upon him

Pu. of water of purification poured over one defiled by a corpse

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2236 זָרַק to toss or throw (in a volume), scatter abundantly

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2236 zaraq zaw-rak'

a primitive root; to sprinkle (fluid or solid particles):--be

here and there, scatter, sprinkle, strew.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זָרַק (za.raq) — to scatter.

1) to scatter, sprinkle, toss, throw, scatter abundantly, strew

1a) (Qal) to scatter, sprinkle, toss

1b) (Pual) to be sprinkled

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-1cs — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect first person common singular
Hc/Vqq1cs
and I will sprinkle on you water pure and you will be pure from all uncleanness your and from all idols your I will purify the object marker you
עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם'a.lei.Khem on you H5921 Preposition · suffix
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp2mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and I will sprinkle on you water pure and you will be pure from all uncleanness your and from all idols your I will purify the object marker you
מַ֥יִםMa.yim water H4325 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
581× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means water, referring to a liquid or a source of refreshment. It appears in the Bible as a literal and figurative term, including references to wasting or urine. The word is used in various contexts, such as in Genesis and Leviticus.
Amplified meaning
a spring or watercourse
Tyndale gloss
Water (Gate)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4325 mayim mah'-yim

dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+

piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַי (ma.yim) — water.

1) water, waters

1a) water

1b) water of the feet, urine

1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)

מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).

This name means water, refreshment

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wo'-ter (mayim; hudor):

(1) The Greek philosophers believed water to be the original substance and that all things were made from it. The Koran states, "From water we have made all things." In the story of the creation (Ge 1:2) water plays an elemental part.

(2) Because of the scarcity of water in Palestine it is especially appreciated by the people there. They love to go and sit by a stream of running water. Men long for a taste of the water of their native village (1Ch 11:17). A town or village is known throughout the country for the quality of its water, which is described by many adjectives, such as "light," "heavy," etc.

(3) The rainfall is the only source of supply of water for Palestine. The moisture is carried up from the sea in clouds and falls on the hills as rain or snow.…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See CISTERN and WELLS.

In Isa 35:7, the Hebrew word for "parched ground" that shall become a pool of water, is the same with the Arabic term for the mirage, a peculiar optical illusion by which travelers in hot and dry deserts think they see broad lakes and flowing waters; they seem to discern the very ripple of the waves, and the swaying of tail trees on the margin in the cool breeze; green hills and houses and city ramparts rise before the astonished sight, recede as the traveler advances, and at length melt away in the hot haze. Not so the blessings of the gospel; they are no alluring mockery, but real waters of everlasting life, Isa 55:1 Joh 4:14 Re 22:1. Compare

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Creation of Ps 148:4,5

→ Covered the whole earth Ge 1:9

→ Daily allowance of Eze 4:11

→ City waterworks 2Ki 20:20

→ Vision of, by Ezekiel Eze 47:1-5

→ Of separation Nu 19:2-22

→ Libation of 1Sa 7:6

→ Irrigation with

See IRRIGATION

→ Miraculously supplied

To the Israelites Ex 17:1,6; Nu 20:11

To Samson Jud 15:19

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- One of the elements of the world

Ge 1:2

- GOD ORIGINALLY

. Created the firmament to divide

Ge 1:6,7

. Collected into one place

Ge 1:9

. Created fowls and fishes, &c from

Ge 1:20,21

- Necessary to vegetation

Ge 2:5,6; Job 14:9; Isa 1:30

- Some plants particularly require

Job 8:11

- Necessary to the comfort and happiness of man

Isa 41:17; Zec 9:11

- COLLECTED IN

. Springs

and I will sprinkle on you water pure and you will be pure from all uncleanness your and from all idols your I will purify the object marker you
טְהוֹרִ֖יםte.ho.Rim pure H2889 Adj
94× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Tahor means pure or clean, and can refer to physical, moral, or ceremonial purity. In the Bible, it describes clean animals and morally upright people. It is often used to describe something as fair or pure.
Amplified meaning
pure, ceremonially clean
Tyndale gloss
pure
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טָהוֹר (tahor) means clean or pure, covering physical, ceremonial, and moral senses. It is derived from the root word associated with H2891. The entries emphasize its application in various contexts, including animals and ethical purity.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

טָהוֹר adj. clean, pure

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2889 טָהוֹר clean, pure

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2889 tahowr taw-hore'

or tahor {taw-hore'}; from 2891; pure (in a physical,

chemical, ceremonial or moral sense):--clean, fair,

pure(-ness).

see HEBREW for 02891

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טָהוֹר (ta.hor) — pure.

1) pure, clean

1a) clean (ceremonially-of animals)

1b) pure (physically)

1c) pure, clean (morally, ethically)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAampa
and I will sprinkle on you water pure and you will be pure from all uncleanness your and from all idols your I will purify the object marker you
וּטְהַרְתֶּ֑םu.te.har.Tem and you will be pure H2891 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine plural
94× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to be pure, either physically, morally, or ceremonially. It appears in Leviticus for purification rituals and in Psalm 51 where David asks God to purify his heart. This concept is central to Jewish and Christian ideas of cleanliness and holiness.
Amplified meaning
become, declared, ritually pure, morally blameless
Tyndale gloss
be pure
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טָהֵר (taher) means to be clean or pure, covering physical, ceremonial, and moral aspects of purity. It can refer to being free from disease, ceremonially clean, or morally innocent. The verb has various forms, including Qal (to be clean), Piel (to cleanse), and Hithpael (to purify oneself). Brown-Driver-Briggs notes a specific instance of miraculous cleansing related to leprosy.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

טָהֵר vb. be clean, pure

Qal

be clean, i.e. (miraculously) freed from leprosy by washing in the Jordan

be clean ceremonially

be clean morally

Pi.

cleanse, purify

pronounce clean, ceremonially

perform the ceremony of cleansing

Pu. a land not cleansed

Hithp.

purify oneself

present oneself for purification

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2891 טָהֵר be clean, pure

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2891 taher taw-hare'

a primitive root; properly, to be bright; i.e. (by

implication) to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulterated;

Levitically, uncontaminated; morally, innocent or holy):--be

(make, make self, pronounce) clean, cleanse (self), purge,

purify(-ier, self).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טָהֵר (ta.her) — be pure.

1) to be clean, be pure

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be clean (physically-of disease)

1a2) to be clean ceremonially

1a3) to purify, be clean morally, made clean

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to cleanse, purify

1b1a) physically

1b1b) ceremonially

1b1c) morally

1b2) to pronounce clean

1b3) to perform the ceremony of cleansing

1c) (Pual) to be cleansed, be pronounced clean

1d) (Hithpael)

1d1) to purify oneself

1d1a) ceremonially

1d1b) morally

1d2) to present oneself for purification

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-2mp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine plural
Hc/Vqq2mp
and I will sprinkle on you water pure and you will be pure from all uncleanness your and from all idols your I will purify the object marker you
מִכֹּ֧לmi.Kol from all H3605 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
every, each
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and I will sprinkle on you water pure and you will be pure from all uncleanness your and from all idols your I will purify the object marker you
טֻמְאוֹתֵיכֶ֛םtum.'o.tei.Khem uncleanness your H2932 Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
36× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to the state of being unclean or impure, often resulting from sinful actions, as described in Ezekiel. It encompasses various forms of uncleanness, including ritual and ethical impurity.
Amplified meaning
uncleanness, sinful defilement
Tyndale gloss
uncleanness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טֻמְאָה (tum'ah) refers to various forms of religious impurity or uncleanness. It encompasses sexual, ethical, and ritual uncleanness, as well as local impurity associated with nations. The term is built from the root word for 'unclean' and highlights different contexts in which impurity can arise.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

טֻמְאָה n.f. uncleanness

sexual

of a foul or filthy mass

ethical and religious

ritual

local

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2932 טֻמְאָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2932 tum'ah toom-aw'

from 2930; religious impurity:--filthiness, unclean(-ness).

see HEBREW for 02930

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טֻמְאָה (tum.ah) — uncleanness.

1) uncleanness

1a) sexual

1b) of filthy mass

1c) ethical and religious

1d) ritual

1e) local (of nations)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HNcfpc/Sp2mp
and I will sprinkle on you water pure and you will be pure from all uncleanness your and from all idols your I will purify the object marker you
וּמִכָּל־u.mi.kol- and from all H3605 Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
every, each
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-ms — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/R/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and I will sprinkle on you water pure and you will be pure from all uncleanness your and from all idols your I will purify the object marker you
גִּלּ֥וּלֵיכֶ֖םgi.Lu.lei.Khem idols your H1544 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
48× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to an idol, which is an object worshipped as a god. It literally means a log or a round piece of wood, but it's used to describe false gods and idols in the Bible. It's often used in a negative sense to criticize idol worship.
Amplified meaning
false gods, objects of worship
Tyndale gloss
idol
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גִּלּוּל (gilluwl) refers to idols, specifically in the plural form, and implies shapeless objects like logs or blocks. The term is derived from a root meaning 'log' and is used in contexts related to idolatry.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[גִּלּוּל] n.m. only pl. idols (= logs, blocks, shapeless things)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1544 [גִּלּוּל] only pl. idols (= logs, blocks, shapeless things)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1544 gilluwl ghil-lool'

or (shortened) gillul {ghil-lool'}; from 1556; properly, a

log (as round); by implication, an idol:--idol.

see HEBREW for 01556

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גִּלּוּל (gil.lul) — idol.

idols

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp2mp
and I will sprinkle on you water pure and you will be pure from all uncleanness your and from all idols your I will purify the object marker you
אֲטַהֵ֥ר'a.ta.Her I will purify H2891 Verb · Piel · imperfect first person common singular
94× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to be pure, either physically, morally, or ceremonially. It appears in Leviticus for purification rituals and in Psalm 51 where David asks God to purify his heart. This concept is central to Jewish and Christian ideas of cleanliness and holiness.
Amplified meaning
purify, wash away
Tyndale gloss
be pure
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טָהֵר (taher) means to be clean or pure, covering physical, ceremonial, and moral aspects of purity. It can refer to being free from disease, ceremonially clean, or morally innocent. The verb has various forms, including Qal (to be clean), Piel (to cleanse), and Hithpael (to purify oneself). Brown-Driver-Briggs notes a specific instance of miraculous cleansing related to leprosy.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

טָהֵר vb. be clean, pure

Qal

be clean, i.e. (miraculously) freed from leprosy by washing in the Jordan

be clean ceremonially

be clean morally

Pi.

cleanse, purify

pronounce clean, ceremonially

perform the ceremony of cleansing

Pu. a land not cleansed

Hithp.

purify oneself

present oneself for purification

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2891 טָהֵר be clean, pure

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2891 taher taw-hare'

a primitive root; properly, to be bright; i.e. (by

implication) to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulterated;

Levitically, uncontaminated; morally, innocent or holy):--be

(make, make self, pronounce) clean, cleanse (self), purge,

purify(-ier, self).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טָהֵר (ta.her) — be pure.

1) to be clean, be pure

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be clean (physically-of disease)

1a2) to be clean ceremonially

1a3) to purify, be clean morally, made clean

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to cleanse, purify

1b1a) physically

1b1b) ceremonially

1b1c) morally

1b2) to pronounce clean

1b3) to perform the ceremony of cleansing

1c) (Pual) to be cleansed, be pronounced clean

1d) (Hithpael)

1d1) to purify oneself

1d1a) ceremonially

1d1b) morally

1d2) to present oneself for purification

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Imperf-1cs — Verb · Piel · imperfect first person common singular
HVpi1cs
and I will sprinkle on you water pure and you will be pure from all uncleanness your and from all idols your I will purify the object marker you
אֶתְכֶֽם׃'et.Khem the object marker you H853 Particle · suffix
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
DirObjM | Suff — Particle · suffix
HTo/Sp2mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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