Job 14:9 — Word Study
WLCמֵרֵ֣יחַ מַ֣יִם יַפְרִ֑חַ וְעָשָׂ֖ה קָצִ֣יר כְּמוֹ־ נָֽטַע׃
BSAat the scentrêyach [aroma, fragrance] of watermayim [source of refreshment] it will budpârach▸ [sprout, flourish] and put forthʻâsâh twigsqâtsîyr [boughs, branches] likekᵉmôw [similar to, comparable with] a saplingneṭaʻ [young plant, plantation]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| מֵרֵ֣יחַ | from [the] scent of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| מַ֣יִם | water | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| יַפְרִ֑חַ | it will show buds | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| וְעָשָׂ֖ה | and it will produce | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| קָצִ֣יר | shoot[s] | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| כְּמוֹ־ | like | Preposition |
| נָֽטַע׃ | a plant | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | at the scent of water it will bud and put forth twigs like a sapling. |
| KJV | Yet through the scent of water it will bud, and bring forth boughs like a plant. |
| ASV | Yet through the scent of water it will bud, And put forth boughs like a plant. |
| YLT | From the fragrance of water it doth flourish, And hath made a crop as a plant. |
| WEB | yet through the scent of water it will bud, and sprout boughs like a plant. |
| BBE | Still, at the smell of water, it will make buds, and put out branches like a young plant. |
There is agreement across the translations on the key terms and their meanings.
The structure of the sentence presents a cause-and-effect relationship, with the main action of budding dependent on the preceding condition of water's scent.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbפָּרַח
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 14:9
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Reflection on Mortalitygenerated
Job 14:9 presents a metaphor for hope, where Job compares the potential for new life to the way a plant can spring forth at the scent of water. This imagery emphasizes the idea that even in despair, there is a possibility of renewal, contrasting human mortality with the resilience of nature. The surrounding verses highlight Job's contemplation of life and death, as he grapples with the inevitability of human demise while expressing a longing for restoration.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezekiel 17:3–10 | and tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘A great eagle with great wings and long pinions, full of feathers of many colors, came to Lebanon and took away the top of the cedar. |
| 2 | Ezekiel 19:10 | Your mother was like a vine in your vineyard, planted by the water; it was fruitful and full of branches because of the abundant waters. |
| 3 | Romans 11:17–24 | Now if some branches have been broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others to share in the nourishment of the olive root, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יַפְרִ֑חַ, yaf.Ri.achgenerated
The verb יַפְרִ֑חַ (yaf.Ri.ach) is in the Hiphil stem, indicating a causative action, meaning 'to cause to bud' or 'to sprout.' It suggests a vigorous growth process, emphasizing the emergence of life from a dormant state.
This term captures the essence of flourishing and vitality, portraying a scene of renewal. The parsing as an imperfect form indicates an ongoing or future action, which aligns with the hopeful tone of the verse.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is presented in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses bud for יַפְרִ֑חַ and produce for וְעָשָׂ֖ה.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb in the verse is יַפְרִ֑חַ, it will bud, which governs the subsequent actions described in the sentence. This structure highlights the cause-and-effect relationship between the scent of water and the resulting growth.
The sentence follows a straightforward order, presenting the conditions for growth (the scent of water) before describing the outcome (the budding and producing of shoots). This emphasizes the connection between the two ideas.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יַפְרִ֑חַ as ἀνθήσει, which also conveys the idea of blooming or flourishing. This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning, reinforcing the theme of life emerging from apparent barrenness.
The translation reflects a consistent understanding of the Hebrew text, maintaining the imagery of vitality and renewal.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 14:9 illustrates that even when a tree seems dead, it can come back to life at the scent of water, just like a young plant. This shows hope for renewal, contrasting with the finality of human death described in the surrounding verses.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This signifies that life can emerge even in seemingly hopeless situations, highlighting nature's resilience.
The verse contrasts the potential for renewal in nature with the finality of human death, suggesting a longing for life beyond death.
The imagery of a plant budding at the scent of water evokes feelings of hope and renewal, suggesting that life can spring forth unexpectedly.
Water symbolizes refreshment and life, acting as a catalyst for growth and renewal in the natural world.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What are some areas in my life where I can seek renewal and growth, just as a plant does at the scent of water?
- How can I cultivate hope in my life and the lives of others, especially in difficult circumstances?
- In what ways can I recognize the signs of new life and potential around me, even in seemingly dead situations?
- How does the imagery of nature in this verse inspire me to reflect on my own experiences with renewal?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 14:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible[Yet] through the scent of water it will bud,.... As soon as it smells it, or perceives it, is sensible of it, or partakes of its efficacy; denoting both how speedily, and how easily, at once as it
Read John Gill on Job 14 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryYet through the scent of water it will bud, and bring forth boughs like a plant. Scent - exhalation, which, rather than the humidity of water, causes the tree to germinate.
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 14 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThrough the scent of water, i.e. by means of water. Scent or smell is figuratively ascribed to a tree. Like a plant; like a tree newly planted.
Read Matthew Poole on Job 14 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 14:9 [Yet] through the scent of water it will bud, and bring forth boughs like a plant.Ver. 9. Yet through the scent of water it will bud] Heb. From the smell of waters. A sweet metaphor, saith Merlin, sense being attributed to things senseless, as smelling to the fire, Judges 16:9, and here to trees, which are said to turn themselves and their roots after a sort, to take in the smell of the water, and thereby refreshed to bud and bring forth boughs, like a plant. This is check to those that live under the droppings of the ordinances, and yet are like the cypress tree, which, the more it is watered, proves the less fruitful, and being once cut down, it never springs again; whence the…
Read John Trapp on Job 14 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 9. Through the scent of water it will bud] A fine metaphor: the water acts upon the decaying and perishing tree, as strong and powerful odours from musk, otto of roses, ammonia, &c., act on a fainting or swooning person.
Read AdamClarke on Job 14 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges9. like a plant] i. e. a fresh and new plant; it begins a new life again.
Read Cambridge on Job 14 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleYet through the scent of water - The word here rendered “scent” (ריח rêyach) means properly the odor or fragrance which anything exhales or emits; Son 2:13; Son 7:13; Genesis 27:27. The idea is very delicate and poetic.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 14 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible9. The scent of water — In Judges 16:9 a thread of tow is represented as smelling the fire (margin); the verb corresponding to the noun of our text. Daniel 3:27.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 14 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
at the scent of water it will bud and put forth twigs like a sapling.
yet through the scent of water it will bud, and sprout boughs like a plant.
at the scent of water it will bud and put forth twigs like a sapling.
at the scent of water it will flourish and put forth shoots like a new plant.
Tyndale line
Yet through the scent of water it will bud, and bring forth boughs like a plant.
Yet through the scent of water it will bud, And put forth boughs like a plant.
Yet through the scent of water it will bud, and put forth boughs like a plant.
Yet through the scent of water it will bud, and bring forth boughs like a plant.
Yet by the sent of water it will bud, and bring foorth boughes like a plant.
Strictly literal
Yet through the scent of water it will bud, and put forth boughs like a young plant.
From the fragrance of water it doth flourish, And hath made a crop as a plant.
From the fragrance of water it flourishes, || And has made a crop as a plant.
Yet through the scent of water will it flourish [again], and produce boughs as though It were newly planted.
yet even if it only smells water, it will bud and send out branches like a plant.
From the Latin
At the scent of water, it shall spring, and bring forth leaves, as when it was first planted.
Simplified
just a trickle of water will make it bud and grow branches like a young plant.
Still, at the smell of water, it will make buds, and put out branches like a young plant.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely, with all seven words matched between the two texts. This consistency suggests a strong preservation of the original message across these ancient witnesses.
מֵרֵ֣יחַ מַ֣יִם יַפְרִ֑חַ וְעָשָׂ֖ה קָצִ֣יר כְּמוֹ־ נָֽטַע׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 14:9
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
רֵיחַ (reyach) refers to scent or odor, derived from the root meaning breath. It encompasses general fragrances and specifically the odor associated with sacrifices to God. The term appears in various contexts, highlighting its significance in both everyday and ritualistic settings.
רֵיחַ 58 n.m. scent, odour (prop. breath)
base
H7381 רֵיחַ scent, odour (prop. breath)
7381 reyach ray'-akh
from 7306; odor (as if blown):--savour, scent, smell.
see HEBREW for 07306
רֵיחַ (re.ach) — aroma.
1) scent, fragrance, aroma, odour
1a) scent, odour
1b) odour of soothing (technical term for sacrifice to God)
Aramaic equivalent: re.ach (רֵיחַ "smell" H7382)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.
[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
base
H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
4325 mayim mah'-yim
dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+
piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).
מַי (ma.yim) — water.
1) water, waters
1a) water
1b) water of the feet, urine
1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)
מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).
This name means water, refreshment
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
wo'-ter (mayim; hudor):
(1) The Greek philosophers believed water to be the original substance and that all things were made from it. The Koran states, "From water we have made all things." In the story of the creation (Ge 1:2) water plays an elemental part.
(2) Because of the scarcity of water in Palestine it is especially appreciated by the people there. They love to go and sit by a stream of running water. Men long for a taste of the water of their native village (1Ch 11:17). A town or village is known throughout the country for the quality of its water, which is described by many adjectives, such as "light," "heavy," etc.
(3) The rainfall is the only source of supply of water for Palestine. The moisture is carried up from the sea in clouds and falls on the hills as rain or snow.…
See CISTERN and WELLS.
In Isa 35:7, the Hebrew word for "parched ground" that shall become a pool of water, is the same with the Arabic term for the mirage, a peculiar optical illusion by which travelers in hot and dry deserts think they see broad lakes and flowing waters; they seem to discern the very ripple of the waves, and the swaying of tail trees on the margin in the cool breeze; green hills and houses and city ramparts rise before the astonished sight, recede as the traveler advances, and at length melt away in the hot haze. Not so the blessings of the gospel; they are no alluring mockery, but real waters of everlasting life, Isa 55:1 Joh 4:14 Re 22:1. Compare
→ Creation of Ps 148:4,5
→ Covered the whole earth Ge 1:9
→ Daily allowance of Eze 4:11
→ City waterworks 2Ki 20:20
→ Vision of, by Ezekiel Eze 47:1-5
→ Of separation Nu 19:2-22
The Hebrew word פָּרַח (*pa.rach*) is a primitive root that encompasses several meanings, primarily related to growth and emergence. It can mean to bud, sprout, or shoot, as well as to break out in the context of leprosy or similar eruptions. Additionally, it has a sense of flying, particularly in an Aramaic context. The entries highlight its use in various forms, including Qal and Hiphil.
פָּרַח vb. bud, sprout, shoot
Qal bud, sprout, send out shoots, of vine
Hiph.
cause to bud or sprout
shew buds, sprouts, of tree
base
פָּרַח vb. break out, of leprosy and like eruptions
base
[פָּרַח] vb. fly, Aramaism
base
H6524a פָּרַח bud, sprout, shoot H6524b פָּרַח break out, of leprosy and like eruptions H6524c פָּרַח fly, Aramaism
6524 parach paw-rakh'
a primitive root; to break forth as a bud, i.e. bloom;
generally, to spread; specifically, to fly (as extending the
wings); figuratively, to flourish:--X abroad, X abundantly,
blossom, break forth (out), bud, flourish, make fly, grow,
spread, spring (up).
פָּרַח (pa.rach) — to sprout.
1) to bud, sprout, shoot, bloom
1a) (Qal) to bud, sprout, send out shoots, blossom
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to bud or sprout
1b2) to show buds or sprouts
פָּרַח (pa.rach) — to break out.
(Qal) to break out (of leprosy)
פָּרַח (pa.rach) — to fly.
(Qal) to fly (Aramaism)
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine singularHVhi3ms
עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.
עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make
Qal 2524
do (1560 t.)
deal with
oft. in phr. do kindness with
abs. act, act with effect
make (670 t.)
produce, yield
prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
make offering
attend to, put in order
observe, celebrate, religious festival
acquire property of various kinds
appoint priests
bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
use
spend, pass, days of life
Niph.
97be done
be made, of concr. things
be produced from vine
be prepared, of food
be offered
be observed, passover
be used
Pu. I was made
base
[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze
base
H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)
. deal with
. oft. in phr. do kindness with
. abs. act, act with effect
. . make (670 + t.)
. produce, yield
. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
. make offering
. attend to, put in order
. observe, celebrate, religious festival
. acquire property of various kinds
. appoint priests
. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
. use
. spend, pass, days of life
. . be done
. . be made, of concr. things
. be produced from vine
. be prepared, of food
. be offered
. be observed, passover
. be used
. I was made
H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze
6213 `asah aw-saw'
a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and
widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,
appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,
bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal
(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)
execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +
finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go
about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X
indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,
make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,
bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,
provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,
spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be
(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.
: do/perform
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
1a2c) to prepare
1a2d) to make (an offering)
1a2e) to attend to, put in order
1a2f) to observe, celebrate
1a2g) to acquire (property)
1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
1a2i) to bring about
1a2j) to use
1a2k) to spend, pass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be done
1b2) to be made
1b3) to be produced
1b4) to be offered
1b5) to be observed
1b6) to be used
1c) (Pual) to be made
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.
(Piel) to press, squeeze
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.
: make(OBJECT)
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
Conj | V-Qal-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqq3ms
קָצִיר (qatsiyr) refers to the act of harvesting or the harvest itself, encompassing the process, the crop, and the time of harvest. It can also denote boughs or branches of trees. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to sever,' indicating its connection to reaping.
קָצִיר n.m. harvesting, harvest
process of harvesting
what is reaped, harvested, crop
time of harvest
base
קָצִיר n.m. usually coll., boughs, branches
base
H7105a קָצִיר harvesting, harvest H7105b קָצִיר usually coll., boughs, branches
7105 qatsiyr kaw-tseer'
from 7114; severed, i.e. harvest (as reaped), the crop, the
time, the reaper, or figuratively; also a limb (of a tree, or
simply foliage):--bough, branch, harvest (man).
see HEBREW for 07114
קָצִיר (qa.tsir) — harvest.
1) harvest, harvesting
1a) process of harvesting
1b) crop, what is harvested or reaped
1c) time of harvest
קָצִיר (qa.tsir) — foliage.
boughs, branches
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
כְּמוֹ (kemo) is an adverb and conjunction meaning 'like' or 'as,' often used to draw comparisons or indicate similarity. It can also mean 'when' or 'according to.' The word is derived from a pleonastic form of the prefix כְּ (k-) and is related to the word מוֹ (mo). There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)
base
H3644 כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)
3644 kmow kem-o'
or kamow {kaw-mo'}; a form of the prefix "k-", but used
separately (compare 3651); as, thus, so:--according to, (such)
as (it were, well as), in comparison of, like (as, to, unto),
thus, when, worth.
see HEBREW for 03651
כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — like.
adv
1) like, as, the like of which
conj
2) when, according as, as it were
כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — (Geruth) Chimham.
Combined with ge.rut (גֵּרוּת "Geruth" H1628)
Prep — PrepositionHR
נֶ֫טַע (neta`) refers to a plant or the act of planting, encompassing meanings like plantation and planting. It is derived from a related term and is used in contexts that involve cultivation. The entries consistently emphasize its agricultural connotations without significant disagreement.
[נֶ֫טַע] n.[m.] plantation, planting, plant
base
H5194 [נֶ֫טַע] plantation, planting, plant
5194 neta` neh'-tah
from 5193; a plant; collectively, a plantation; abstractly, a
planting:--plant.
see HEBREW for 05193
נֶ֫טַע (ne.ta) — plantation.
1) plantation, plant, planting
1a) plantation
1b) planting (act of)
1c) plant
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa