Isaiah 19:6 — Word Study
WLCוְהֶאֶזְנִ֣יחוּ נְהָר֔וֹת דָּלֲל֥וּ וְחָרְב֖וּ יְאֹרֵ֣י מָצ֑וֹר קָנֶ֥ה וָס֖וּף קָמֵֽלוּ׃
BSAThe canalsnâhâr [will become foul, rivers will fail] will stinkzânach [to reject, be disgusting] the streamsyᵉʼôr [watercourses, branches of the Nile] of Egyptmâtsôwr [a place of siege] will trickledâlal■ [become weak, languish] and dry upchârab [be desolate, wither away] the reedsqâneh [water plants, flags] and rushesçûwph [papyrus, aquatic plants] will witherqâmal■ [decay, lose strength]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהֶאֶזְנִ֣יחוּ | and they will stink | Verb, Hiphil, sequential perfect third person common plural |
| נְהָר֔וֹת | [the] rivers | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| דָּלֲל֥וּ | they will be low | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| וְחָרְב֖וּ | and they will become dry | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person common plural |
| יְאֹרֵ֣י | [the] canals of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| מָצ֑וֹר | Egypt | Noun proper |
| קָנֶ֥ה | reed[s] | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וָס֖וּף | and rush[es] | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| קָמֵֽלוּ׃ | they will wither | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The canals will stink; the streams of Egypt will trickle and dry up; the reeds and rushes will wither. |
| KJV | And they shall turn the rivers far away; and the brooks of defence shall be emptied and dried up: the reeds and flags shall wither. |
| ASV | And the rivers shall become foul; the streams of Egypt shall be diminished and dried up; the reeds and flags shall wither away. |
| YLT | And they have turned away the flowings, Weak and dried up have been brooks of the bulwark, Reed and flag have withered. |
| WEB | The rivers will become foul. The streams of Egypt will be diminished and dried up. The reeds and flags will wither away. |
| BBE | And the rivers will have an evil smell; the stream of Egypt will become small and dry: all the water-plants will come to nothing. |
Where they part company is נְהָר֔וֹת — see How Translations Differ.
The structure features one main clause with additional phrases providing detail on the consequences described.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectנָהָר
verbזָנַח
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 19:6
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Judgment on Egyptgenerated
Isaiah 19:6 proclaims a dire future for Egypt, where the canals and rivers will become foul and dry up, symbolizing the land's desolation. This prophecy reflects the consequences of Egypt's actions and serves as a warning about the fragility of its resources. The surrounding verses further illustrate the extent of the devastation, impacting not only the water sources but also the livelihoods of those dependent on them.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 37:25 | I have dug wells and drunk foreign waters. With the soles of my feet I have dried up all the streams of Egypt.” |
| 2 | 2 Kings 19:24 | I have dug wells and drunk foreign waters. With the soles of my feet I have dried up all the streams of Egypt.” |
| 3 | Isaiah 18:2 | which sends couriers by sea, in papyrus vessels on the waters. Go, swift messengers, to a people tall and smooth-skinned, to a people widely feared, to a powerful nation of strange speech, whose land is divided by rivers. |
| 4 | Exodus 2:3 | But when she could no longer hide him, she got him a papyrus basket and coated it with tar and pitch. Then she placed the child in the basket and set it among the reeds along the bank of the Nile. |
| 5 | Job 8:11 | Does papyrus grow where there is no marsh? Do reeds flourish without water? |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — הֶאֶזְנִ֣יחוּ, ve.he.'ez.Ni.chugenerated
The verb זָנַח (zanach) means to reject or spurn, and in this context, it conveys the idea of something becoming disgusting or unwanted. The parsing as a Hiphil verb in the sequential perfect indicates an action that has been completed — the canals will have become foul.
This word also carries a strong sense of pushing aside or removing, emphasizing the complete failure of the water sources in Egypt. The use of this term highlights the severity of the judgment being pronounced.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse is structured around two main verbs: הֶאֶזְנִ֣יחוּ and קָמֵֽלוּ, with the subject נְהָר֔וֹת and additional phrases that describe the state of the rivers and canals. The Hebrew word order emphasizes the actions of stinking and withering, creating a vivid picture of desolation.
The first verb indicates the foul state of the canals, while the second verb describes the withering of the reeds and rushes, illustrating the overall decay of the ecosystem.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates הֶאֶזְנִ֣יחוּ as ἐκλείψουσιν, indicating a shift from the idea of stinking to a broader sense of failing or ceasing to exist. This choice reflects a potential interpretation of the judgment as not just a physical state but a complete loss of vitality.
The Greek term ποταμοὶ for נְהָר֔וֹת also emphasizes the rivers' significance, aligning with the prophetic message of their impending failure.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 19:6 warns that the canals and rivers of Egypt will become foul and dry up, leading to the withering of the reeds and rushes. This prophecy serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of Egypt's actions and the fragility of its natural resources.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates a complete failure of the water sources, leading to a state of disgust and rejection.
The drying up of the rivers symbolizes judgment and the consequences of actions taken by the people of Egypt.
Their withering represents the broader ecological disaster that will affect the land and its inhabitants.
It reflects themes of judgment and the consequences of turning away from God, similar to other prophetic warnings in the scriptures.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from the consequences faced by Egypt in this prophecy?
- How does the imagery of drying up rivers and withering plants resonate with our understanding of environmental stewardship?
- In what ways can we apply the lessons from this judgment to our own lives and communities?
- How does this passage challenge us to reflect on our relationship with God and our dependence on His provision?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 19:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd they shall turn the rivers far away,.... The river Nile, called "rivers", the plural for the singular, because of the abundance of water in it; or its seven streams, with other rivulets, derived from it.
Read John Gill on Isaiah 19 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd they shall turn the rivers far away; and the brooks of defence shall be emptied and dried up: the reeds and flags shall wither.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 19 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey shall turn the rivers far away; which is to be taken impersonally, as such expressions are very frequently, for, the rivers (those small rivulets by which the waters of Nilus were conveyed and distributed into several parts of the land) shall be turned far away, as they must needs be, when the greater river Nilus, which fed them, was dried up. The brooks of defence; the several branches of the river Nilus, which were a great defence to Egypt, as is well known. The reeds and flags; which were very useful to them for making their boats, which were absolutely necessary in that country, and divers other things. Shall wither; as they commonly do for want of water.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 19 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 19:6 And they shall turn the rivers far away; [and] the brooks of defence shall be emptied and dried up: the reeds and flags shall wither.Ver. 6. And they shall turn the rivers far away.] The Assyrians shall, or some of their own fond and vainglorious princes shall drain the river Nile at several passages and in several places, to the impairing of the river and the impeaching of the state. The reeds and flags shall wither.] These were of great use there; for of flags they made their barks and boats, mats also, wheels, baskets, &c.; of reeds they made their sails, ropes, paper, and a kind of juice serving them for food, &c. As therefore the palm tree is to the Indians a cornucopia…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 19 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(6) And they shall turn the rivers far away.—Better, the river shall stagnate; i.e., in consequence of the Nile’s inundation failing. The brooks of defence.—The latter noun (Heb., matzor) is better treated as a proper name, the singular of the dual form Mitsraim, commonly used for Egypt. Here it would seem to be used for Lower Egypt, the region of Zoan and Memphis, as distinct from Upper Egypt or the Thebaid. The same form occurs in Isaiah 37:25; 2 Kings 19:24; Micah 7:12. Its primary meaning is that of a fortified land. The “flags” are strictly the papyrus of the Nile; the “brooks” are the canals or Nile-branches of the Delta.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 19 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 6. Shall turn the rivers far away - "Shall become putrid"] האזניחו heeznichu. This sense of the word, which Simonis gives in his Lexicon, from the meaning of it in Arabic, suits the place much better than any other interpretation hitherto given; and that the word in Hebrew had some such signification, is probable from 2 Chronicles 29:19, where the Vulgate renders it by polluit, polluted, and the Targum, by profaned, and made abominable, which the context in that place seems plainly to require. The form of the verb here is very irregular; and the rabbins and grammarians seem to give no probable account of it.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 19 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges6. The verse reads: And the streams shall stink, the canals of Egypt shall become feeble and dry up, &c. The word for “stink” is an anomalous form in Hebr. That rendered in A.V. “defence” is a rare name for Egypt (Maçôr, cf. Assyr. Muṣ ?ur, Arab. Miṣ ?r), found also in ch. Isaiah 37:25; 2 Kings 19:24; Micah 7:12. “Canals” (A.V. “brooks”) is literally “Niles” (cf. Isaiah 7:18).
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 19 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd they shall turn the rivers far away - (האזיּחוּ he'ezenı̂ychû), probably from זנח zânach, “to have an offensive smell; to be rancid, or putrid.” The word in this form occurs nowhere else.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 19 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The canals will stink; the streams of Egypt will trickle and dry up; the reeds and rushes will wither.
The rivers will become foul. The streams of Egypt will be diminished and dried up. The reeds and flags will wither away.
The canals will stink; the streams of Egypt will trickle and dry up; the reeds and rushes will wither.
The canals will stink; the streams of Egypt will trickle and then dry up; the bulrushes and reeds will decay,
Tyndale line
And they shall turn the rivers far away; and the brooks of defence shall be emptied and dried up: the reeds and flags shall wither.
And the rivers shall become foul; the streams of Egypt shall be diminished and dried up; the reeds and flags shall wither away.
And the rivers shall stink; the streams of Egypt shall be minished and dried up: the reeds and flags shall wither away.
And they shall turn the rivers far away; and the brooks of defense shall be emptied and dried up: the reeds and flags shall wither.
And the riuers shall goe farre away: the riuers of defence shalbe emptied and dryed vp: the reedes and flagges shall be cut downe.
Strictly literal
and the rivers shall stink, and the streams of Egypt shall be diminished and drain away: the reeds and sedges shall wither.
And they have turned away the flowings, Weak and dried up have been brooks of the bulwark, Reed and flag have withered.
And they have turned away the flowings, || Brooks of the bulwark have been weak and dried up, || Reed and flag have withered.
And the rivers shall become foul; and shallow and dried up shall become the deep streams: reeds and flags shall wither.
The rivers will become foul; the streams of Egypt will dwindle and dry up; the reeds and flags will wither away.
From the Latin
And the rivers shall fail: the streams of the banks shall be diminished, and be dried up. The reed and the bulrush shall wither away.
Simplified
The channels will start to stink; the branches of the Nile in Egypt will dry to a trickle and dry up; the reeds and rushes will wither away.
And the rivers will have an evil smell; the stream of Egypt will become small and dry: all the water-plants will come to nothing.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text aligns closely with the Dead Sea Scrolls, particularly the 1Qisaa, which preserves most of the words intact. The variations in the 4Q56 and 1Q8 scrolls indicate some differences in wording, but the overall message remains consistent across the witnesses.
וְהֶאֶזְנִ֣יחוּ נְהָר֔וֹת דָּלֲל֥וּ וְחָרְב֖וּ יְאֹרֵ֣י מָצ֑וֹר קָנֶ֥ה וָס֖וּף קָמֵֽלוּ׃
6 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
והזניחו הנהרות ודללו וחרבו יאורי מצור קנה וסוף וקמלו
9 words on the leather.
והאזניחו [נהרות] [דללו] [וחרבו] יארי מצור קנה וסוף קמלו
4 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 3 supplied entire by an editor.
[יארי] [מצור] [קנה] [וסוף] [קמלו]
5 words of the verse are on this fragment — 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 19:6
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
זָנַח (zanach) is a Hebrew verb that primarily means to reject or spurn, with nuances of casting off or forsaking. It also has a secondary meaning related to emitting a stench, as noted in Isaiah 19:6. The word is built from a primitive root, indicating a strong sense of pushing aside or removing.
זָנַח vb. reject, spurn
Qal reject
Hiph. (late) reject
base
[זָנַח] stink, emit stench;—only Hiph. Is 19:6
ref
H2186a זָנַח reject, spurn H2186b זָנַח stink, emit stench
2186 zanach zaw-nakh'
a primitive root meaning to push aside, i.e. reject, forsake,
fail:--cast away (off), remove far away (off).
זָנַח (za.nach) — to reject.
1) to cast off, reject, spurn
1a) (Qal) to reject
1b) (Hiphil) to forcefully reject someone
זָנַח (za.nach) — to stink.
1) to stink, emit stench, become odious
1a) (Hiphil) stink (perfect)
Conj | V-Hiphil-3cp — Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/Vhq3cp
נָהָר (nahar) means 'stream' or 'river' and can refer to various water bodies, including the Nile and Euphrates. It also has a figurative sense of prosperity. The word is derived from a root meaning related to flowing water and has an Aramaic equivalent, נְהַר (ne.har).
נָהָר 120 n.m. stream, river
base
H5104 נָהָר stream, river
5104 nahar naw-hawr'
from 5102; a stream (including the sea; expec. the Nile,
Euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity:--flood, river.
see HEBREW for 05102
נָהָר (na.har) — River.
This name means stream, river
Another name of pe.rat (פְּרָת "Euphrates" H6578)
נָהָר (na.har) — river.
1) stream, river
1a) stream, river
1b) (underground) streams
Aramaic equivalent: ne.har (נְהַר "river" H5103H)
N-mp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
דָּלַל (dalal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to hang, be low, or languish. It conveys a sense of being slackened or feeble, often in a figurative context of distress or oppression. The word appears in various forms, including Qal and Niphal, indicating both active and passive states of being low or brought low.
[דָּלַל] vb. hang, be low, languish
Qal hang, ‘depend’
Niph. be brought low, laid low
base
H1809 [דָּלַל] hang, be low, languish
1809 dalal daw-lal'
a primitive root (compare 1802); to slacken or be feeble;
figuratively, to be oppressed:--bring low, dry up, be emptied,
be not equal, fail, be impoverished, be made thin.
see HEBREW for 01802
דָּלַל (da.lal) — to languish.
1) to hang, languish, hang down, be low
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hang low
1a2) to be low
1a3) of distress (fig.)
1a4) to languish, look weakly (of eyes)
1b) (Niphal) to be brought low, be laid low
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
חָרֵב (charab) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to dryness and destruction. It can refer to being dry or dried up, as well as to making something waste or desolate. Additionally, it can mean to attack or slay. The entries indicate a range of uses, from physical desiccation to metaphorical desolation, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicons.
[חָרֵב] vb. be dry, dried up
Qal be dry, dried up
Pu. of fresh bow-strings
Hiph. of י׳ drying up rivers
base
[חָרֵב] be waste, desolate
Qal be waste, desolate
Niph. as adj., desolate city
Hiph. lay waste, make desolate
Hoph. she is laid waste
base
[חָרַב] vb. (Aram. and rare) attack, smite down
Qal attack
Niph. the kings have attacked one another, fought together
Hoph. 2 K 3:23
base
H2717a חָרֵב be dry, dried up H2717b חָרֵב be waste, desolate H2717c חָרַב attack, smite down
2717 charab khaw-rab'
or chareb {khaw-rabe'}; a primitive root; to parch (through
drought) i.e. (by analogy,) to desolate, destroy, kill:--
decay, (be) desolate, destroy(-er), (be) dry (up), slay, X
surely, (lay, lie, make) waste.
חָרֵב (cha.rev) — to dry.
1) to be dry, be dried up
1a) (Qal) to be dried, be dried up
1b) (Pual) to be dried
1c) (Hiphil) to dry up
1d) (Hophal) to be dried up
חָרֵב (cha.rev) — to destroy.
1) to be waste, lay waste, make desolate, be desolate, be in ruins
1a) (Qal) to be waste, be desolate
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be made desolate
1b2) desolate (participle)
1c) (Hiphil) to lay waste, make desolate
1d) (Hophal) to be laid waste
Aramaic equivalent: cha.rav (חֲרַב "be wasted" H2718)
חָרַב (cha.rav) — to slay.
to attack, smite down, slay, fight
Conj | V-Qal-3cp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/Vqq3cp
יְאֹר (ye'or) refers to a stream or canal, specifically associated with the Nile River in Egypt. It encompasses various watercourses, including collateral canals and trenches, and can also denote rivers in general. The term is of Egyptian origin and highlights the significance of the Nile as a primary water source.
יְאֹר, יְאוֹר n.m. stream of the Nile, stream, canal
base
H2975 יְאֹר, יְאוֹר stream of the Nile, stream, canal
2975 y`or yeh-ore'
of Egyptian origin; a channel, e.g. a fosse, canal, shaft;
specifically the Nile, as the one river of Egypt, including
its collateral trenches; also the Tigris, as the main river of
Assyria:--brook, flood, river, stream.
יְאֹר (ye.or) — Nile.
This name means river, stream, canal
Also named: shi.chor (שִׁיחוֹר "Nile" H7883H)
יְאֹר (ye.or) — stream.
1) river, stream, canal, Nile, Nile-canal
1a) stream, river (Nile)
1b) Nile-arms, Nile-canals
1c) watercourses
1d) shafts (mining)
1e) river (in general)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מָצוֹר (matsowr) refers to Egypt, often in a poetic context. It is derived from a root meaning 'limit' or 'siege,' and is linked to fortified places or defenses. The term is primarily used as a proper noun for Egypt, indicating its geographical significance.
מָצוֹר n.pr.terr. = מִצְרַיִם; only poet.
base
H4693 מָצוֹר only poet.
4693 matsowr maw-tsore'
the same as 4692 in the sense of a limit; Egypt (as the
border of Palestine):--besieged places, defense, fortified.
see HEBREW for 04692
מָצוֹר (ma.tsor) — Egypt.
"Matsor", a name for Egypt
Another spelling of mits.ra.yim (מִצְרַ֫יִם "Egypt" H4714G)
This name means siege, entrenchment
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
e'-jipt:
I. THE COUNTRY
1. The Basis of the Land 2. The Nile Valley 3. Earliest Human Remains 4. Climate 5. Conditions of Life 6. The Nile 7. The Fauna 8. The Flora 9. The Prehistoric Races
II. THE HISTORY
1. 1st and 2nd Ages: Prehistoric 2. 3d Age: Ist and IInd Dynasties 3. 4th Age: IIIrd through VIth Dynasties 4. 5th Age: VIIth through XIVth Dynasties 5. 6th Age: XVth through XXIVth Dynasties 6. 7th Age: XXVth Dynasty to Roman Times 7. 8th Age: Arabic 8. Early Foreign Connections
III. THE OLD TESTAMENT CONNECTIONS
1. Semitic Connections 2. Abramic Times 3. Circumcision 4. Joseph 5. Descent into Egypt 6. The Oppression 7. The Historic Position 8. The Plagues 9. Date of the Exodus 10. Route of the Exodus 11. Numbers of the Exodus 12. Israel in Canaan 13. Hadad 14. Pharaoh's Daughter 15. Shishak 16. Zerakh 17. The Ethiopians 18. Tahpanhes 19. Hophra 20. The Jews of Syene 21. The New Jerusalem…
Egypt
The land of the Nile and the pyramids, the oldest kingdom of which we have any record, holds a place of great significance in Scripture.
The Egyptians belonged to the white race, and their original home is still a matter of dispute. Many scholars believe that it was in Southern Arabia, and recent excavations have shown that the valley of the Nile was originally inhabited by a low-class population, perhaps belonging to the Nigritian stock, before the Egyptians of history entered it. The ancient Egyptian language, of which the latest form is Coptic, is distantly connected with the Semitic family of speech.
Egypt consists geographically of two halves, the northern being the Delta, and the southern Upper Egypt, between Cairo and the First Cataract. In the Old Testament, Northern or Lower Egypt is called Mazor, “the fortified land” (Isa.…
(land of the Copts), a country occupying the northeast angle of Africa. Its limits appear always to have been very nearly the same. It is bounded on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, on the east by Palestine, Arabia and the Red Sea, on the south by Nubia, and on the west by the Great Desert. It is divided into upper Egypt --the valley of the Nile --and lower Egypt, the plain of the Delta, from the Greek letter; it is formed by the branching mouths of the Nile, and the Mediterranean Sea. The portions made fertile by the Nile comprise about 9582 square geographical miles, of which only about 5600 is under cultivation. --Encyc. Brit. The Delta extends about 200 miles along the Mediterranean, and Egypt is 520 miles long from north to south from the sea to the First Cataract. NAMES. --The common name of Egypt in the Bible is "Mizraim." It is in the dual number, which indicates the two…
A celebrated country in the north of Africa, at the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. The Hebrews called it Mizraim, Ge 10:6, and hence it is now called by the Arabs, Mizr. The Greeks and Romans called it Aegyptus, whence Egypt; but the origin of this name is unknown.
The habitable land of Egypt is for the most part a great valley, through which the river Nile pours its waters, extending in a straight line from north to south, and skirted on the east and west by ranges of mountains, which approach and recede from the river more or less in different parts. Where this valley terminates, towards the north, the Nile divides itself, about forty or fifty miles from the seacoast, into several arms, which inclose the so-called Delta. The ancients numbered seven arms and mouths; the eastern was that of Pelusium, now that of Tineh; and the…
The Hebrew word קָנֶה (*qaneh*) refers to a stalk or reed, often associated with plants like calamus. It has various derived meanings, including measuring-rod and unit of measure (6 cubits), as well as applications in scales and lampstands. The word is built from a root that implies an erect structure, covering a range of uses from botanical to functional.
קָנֶה 62 n.m. stalk, reed
stalk of grain
water-plant, reed
calamus, aromatic reed
derived meanings:
measuring-rod
unit of measure, reed (of 6 cubits)
beam of scales, for scales themselves
shaft of lamp-stand
branches thereof
shoulder-joint
base
H7070 קָנֶה stalk, reed . stalk of grain
. water-plant, reed
. calamus, aromatic reed
. derived meanings: . measuring-rod
. unit of measure, reed (of 6 cubits)
. beam of scales, for scales themselves
. shaft of lamp-stand
. branches thereof
. shoulder-joint
7070 qaneh kaw-neh'
from 7069; a reed (as erect); by resemblance a rod
(especially for measuring), shaft, tube, stem, the radius (of
the arm), beam (of a steelyard):--balance, bone, branch,
calamus, cane, reed, X spearman, stalk.
see HEBREW for 07069
קָנֶה (qa.neh) — branch.
: branch
1) reed, stalk, bone, balances
1a) stalk
1b) water-plant, reed
1c) calamus (aromatic reed)
1d) derived meanings
1d1) measuring-rod
1d2) reed (as unit of measure-6 cubits)
1d3) beam (of scales-for scales themselves)
1d4) shaft (of lampstand)
1d5) branches (of lampstand)
1d6) shoulder-joint
קָנֶה (qa.neh) — branch: stem.
: stem/reed
1) reed, stalk, bone, balances
1a) stalk
1b) water-plant, reed
1c) calamus (aromatic reed)
1d) derived meanings
1d1) measuring-rod
1d2) reed (as unit of measure-6 cubits)
1d3) beam (of scales-for scales themselves)
1d4) shaft (of lampstand)
1d5) branches (of lampstand)
1d6) shoulder-joint
קָנֶה (qa.neh) — branch: measuring rod.
: measuring_rod
1) reed, stalk, bone, balances
1a) stalk
1b) water-plant, reed
1c) calamus (aromatic reed)
1d) derived meanings
1d1) measuring-rod
1d2) reed (as unit of measure-6 cubits)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
סוּף (suph) refers to reeds or rushes, particularly associated with the Nile and the Red Sea. The term may have Egyptian origins and is used to describe both a type of water plant and the Red Sea itself. The entries indicate that it can denote the Gulf of Suez and the sea from the straits to the Gulf of Akaba.
סוּף n.m. reeds, rushes
rushes, in Nile
Red Sea
base
H5488 סוּף reeds, rushes . rushes, in Nile
. Red Sea
5488 cuwph soof
probably of Egyptian origin; a reed, especially the
papyrus:--flag, Red (sea), weed. Compare 5489.
see HEBREW for 05489
סוּף (suph) — Red (Sea).
1) of Red Sea
2) of Gulf of Suez
3) of sea from straits to Gulf of Akaba
Also named: eruthros (ἐρυθρός "Red( Sea)" G2063) as "Reed Sea"
סוּף (suph) — reed.
1) reed, rush, water plant
1a) rushes
1b) sea of rushes - used of Red Sea
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
קָמֵל (qamal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to decay or wither. It describes the process of something becoming decayed or mouldy, often used in the context of plants or organic matter. The entries consistently emphasize this meaning without significant disagreement.
[קָמֵל] vb. be decayed (be mouldy, decay)
base
H7060 [קָמֵל] be decayed (be mouldy, decay)
7060 qamal kaw-mal'
a primitive root; to wither:--hew down, wither.
קָמֵל (qa.mal) — to decay.
1) to be decayed, be withered
1a) (Qal) to moulder, be withered
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp