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Jeremiah 52:23 — Word Study

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WLCוַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ הָֽרִמֹּנִ֔ים תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֖ה ר֑וּחָה כָּל־ הָרִמּוֹנִ֥ים מֵאָ֛ה עַל־ הַשְּׂבָכָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃

BSA[Each capital had]hâyâh ninety-sixtishʻîym [ninety and six] pomegranatesrimmôwn [ornaments] on the sidesrûwach [and] a total ofkôl a hundredmêʼâh [one hundred, a complete quantity] pomegranatesrimmôwn were aboveʻal the surroundingçâbîyb [encompassing, all-around] networksᵉbâkâh [latticework, intricate design]

Word
Listen & take awayJeremiah 52
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 23 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (sa.Viv) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
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Jeremiah 52:23quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse describes the intricate design of the capitals on the pillars in the temple, detailing the number of pomegranates adorning them.
What is being describedThe decorative elements of the temple pillars, specifically the pomegranates.
Where we areA description of the temple's architecture, particularly the capitals of the pillars.
The hard wordהַשְּׂבָכָ֖ה
Take awayThe detailed ornamentation reflects the artistry and significance of the temple.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them › clause verbהָיָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Jeremiah 52:23

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Description of the Temple Pillarsgenerated

22The bronze capital atop one pillar was five cubits high, with a network of bronze pomegranates all around. The second pillar, with its pomegranates, was similar.
23Each capital had ninety-six pomegranates on the sides, and a total of a hundred pomegranates were above the surrounding network.
24The captain of the guard also took away Seraiah the chief priest, Zephaniah the priest of second rank, and the three doorkeepers.
25Of those still in the city, he took a court official who had been appointed over the men of war, as well as seven trusted royal advisers. He also took the scribe of the captain of the army, who had enlisted the people of the land, and sixty men who were found in the city.

Jeremiah 52:23 provides a detailed account of the design elements of the temple pillars, specifically noting the number of pomegranates that adorned them. This reflects the grandeur and significance of the temple as a place of worship. The description highlights the artistic craftsmanship involved in the temple's construction, similar to the detailed accounts found in 1 Kings 7:20.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
11 Kings 7:20On the capitals of both pillars, just above the rounded projection next to the network, were the two hundred pomegranates in rows encircling each capital.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to

all the1 Kings 7:20

The Key Word הָֽרִמֹּנִ֔ים, ha.ri.mo.Nimgenerated

The word הָֽרִמֹּנִ֔ים (ha.ri.mo.Nim) refers to pomegranates, which were not only a fruit but also served as decorative ornaments in the temple. This term is commonly associated with both the fruit and its ornamental representations.

In this verse, it indicates the number of pomegranates on the sides of the capitals, emphasizing their role in the overall aesthetic of the temple's architecture.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB uses pomegranates consistently, which aligns with the KJV and ASV.

Where translations differ is in the rendering of the number of pomegranates. The BSB and others use ninety-six, while the KJV and ASV opt for ninety and six.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ (vai.yih.Yu), meaning 'and they were,' governs the sentence. The structure includes a subject noun phrase, a descriptive object, and a numerical phrase indicating the quantity of pomegranates.

The sentence is built around the description of the capitals, with the details of the pomegranates serving as both a subject and an object in the context of the temple's design.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew word הָֽרִמֹּנִ֔ים is rendered as ῥόαι, which also refers to pomegranates. This choice reflects a direct translation that maintains the ornamental aspect of the pomegranates in the context of the temple.

The translation shows a consistent understanding of the significance of pomegranates in both the Hebrew and Greek traditions, emphasizing their decorative role.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Jeremiah 52:23 describes the decorative features of the temple pillars, noting that each capital had ninety-six pomegranates on the sides and a total of a hundred pomegranates above the surrounding network. This highlights the ornate design and significance of the temple.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What do the pomegranates symbolize in the temple?

Pomegranates are often seen as symbols of abundance and fertility, reflecting the beauty and richness of the temple.

Why are there so many pomegranates mentioned?

The numerous pomegranates emphasize the intricate design and artistry involved in the temple's construction, showcasing its grandeur.

How does this verse connect to other descriptions of the temple?

This verse connects to other biblical descriptions of the temple's architecture, such as in 1 Kings 7:20, which also highlights the detailed ornamentation.

What is the significance of the number of pomegranates?

The specific numbers given, like ninety-six and one hundred, may reflect a symbolic meaning in biblical numerology, often indicating completeness and perfection.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What do the pomegranates in the temple symbolize about God's abundance?
  2. How can the details of the temple's design inspire our understanding of beauty in worship?
  3. In what ways can we appreciate the craftsmanship in our own places of worship?
  4. How does the description of the temple pillars reflect the importance of sacred spaces in our faith?

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 52:23 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And there were ninety and six pomegranates on a side,.... Or, "to the wind" (e); to the four winds; towards every corner or wind twenty four, which make up ninety six: [and] all the pomegranates upon

Read John Gill on Jeremiah 52 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And there were ninety and six pomegranates on a side; and all the pomegranates upon the network were an hundred round about. There were ninety and six pomegranates on a side - literally (on the side).

Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 52 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

There are some differences as to the measure of these chapiters betwixt and this text; here the height of them is made to be five cubits, there it is said to be three cubits: that which is said to resolve this difficulty is, that there were three parts in the chapiter, the square, the belly, and the crown, and that this text gives an account of the whole; but that text, , gives an account only of the belly and the crown, which were no more than three cubits. The like difference there is betwixt this text and , and , about the number of the pomegranates. In the Book of Kings it is said the pomegranates were in number two hundred; , they are said to have been four hundred. The meaning is…

Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 52 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(21-23) And concerning the pillars . . .—In 2 Kings 25:16-17 we have a list abbreviated by the omission of some of the measurements and of the number and arrangement of the pomegranates. “Chapiter” is the old English word for the “capital” of a column. On a side.—The exact meaning of the Hebrew is towards a (=each) wind—i.e., there were twenty-four pomegranates on each side of the square pillars, with one at each corner, making, as in Jeremiah 52:23, one hundred in all.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Jeremiah 52 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

23. In 1 Kings 7:20; 1 Kings 7:42 each pillar is said to have had two rows of pomegranates, a hundred in each, the one above and the other below the ornamental network of the chapiters. It is possible that the account here may not be inconsistent with the existence of such a double row upon each chapiter, though it certainly does not suggest it, or again, one of the rows may have been removed before this period, leaving one hundred on each chapiter. on the sides] The other renderings in mg. shew that the meaning of the expression is obscure. Suggestions are (a) visible outwards, i.e. four of the hundred in each row were hidden owing to the nearness of the pillar to the wall of the porch, or…

Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 52 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

On a side - The 96 were toward the four winds, 24 toward the north, 24 toward the east, and so on. Add one at each corner, and the whole 100 is made up.

Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 52 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

23. Ninety and six pomegranates on a side; all… were a hundred — The Hebrew for “on a side” is windwards, and it cannot mean that there were “ninety-six pomegranates” on each side, for then, as the

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Jeremiah 52 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Each capital had ninety-six pomegranates on the sides, and a total of a hundred pomegranates were above the surrounding network.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

There were ninety-six pomegranates on the sides; all the pomegranates were one hundred on the network all around.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Each capital had ninety-six pomegranates on the sides, and a total of a hundred pomegranates were above the surrounding network.

NETBNew English Translation2006

There were ninety-six pomegranate-shaped ornaments on the sides; in all there were one hundred pomegranate-shaped ornaments over the latticework that went around it.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And there were ninety and six pomegranates on a side; and all the pomegranates upon the network were an hundred round about.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And there were ninety and six pomegranates on the sides; all the pomegranates were a hundred upon the network round about.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And there were ninety and six pomegranates on the sides; all the pomegranates were an hundred upon the network round about.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And there were ninety and six pomegranates on a side; and all the pomegranates upon the net-work were a hundred on all sides.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And there were ninetie and sixe pomegranates on a side: and all the pomegranates vpon the net worke were an hundreth round about.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And there were ninety-six pomegranates on the [four] sides; all the pomegranates upon the network were a hundred round about.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And the pomegranates are ninety and six on a side, all the pomegranates [are] a hundred on the net-work round about.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And the pomegranates are ninety-six on a side, all the pomegranates [are] one hundred on the network all around.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And the pomegranates were ninety and six on every side: all the pomegranates upon the network were one hundred round about.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

So there were ninety-six pomegranates on the capital's sides, and one hundred pomegranates above the surrounding latticework.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And there were ninety-six pomegranates hanging down: and the pomegranates being a hundred in all, were compassed with network.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

There were ninety-six bronze pomegranates around each column. Above the network were a total of one hundred pomegranates.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

There were ninety-six apples on the outside; the number of apples all round the network was a hundred.

Word by word, the decisions they made

תִּשְׁעִ֥יםtish.'Im ninety H8673 2 different renderings
ninetyBBE BSB DBY DRA FBV LSV MSB NETB ULB WEB
ninety and sixASV ILT KJV NWB RVA YLT

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbיִּֽהְיוּ֙they.werenoun phrase · subjectהָֽtheרִמֹּנִ֔יםpomegranatesnoun phrase · objectnumeral phraseתִּשְׁעִ֥יםninetyוְandשִׁשָּׁ֖הsixnoun phrase · prepositionalר֑וּחָsideהto.[the]clausenoun phrase · subjectכָּלallnoun phraseהָtheרִמּוֹנִ֥יםpomegranatespredicateמֵאָ֛ה[were].one.hundredprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַלonnoun phraseהַtheשְּׂבָכָ֖הnetworkadverbialסָבִֽיבall.around

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with the Septuagint providing a direct word-for-word correspondence. Both texts highlight the number of pomegranates on the capitals, affirming the importance of these details in the temple's description.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ הָֽרִמֹּנִ֔ים תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֖ה ר֑וּחָה כָּל־ הָרִמּוֹנִ֥ים מֵאָ֛ה עַל־ הַשְּׂבָכָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙ἦσανהָֽרִמֹּנִ֔יםῥόαιתִּשְׁעִ֥יםἐνενήκονταוְשִׁשָּׁ֖הἓχר֑וּחָהτὸכָּל־πᾶσαιהָרִמּוֹנִ֥יםῥόαιמֵאָ֛הἑκατόνעַל־ἐπὶהַשְּׂבָכָ֖הδικτύουסָבִֽיב׃κύκλῳ

11 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Jeremiah 52:23הָיָהand they weand they wereהָיָהרִמּוֹןthe pomegrathe pomegranateרִמּוֹןתִּשְׁעִיםninetyninetyתִּשְׁעִיםשֵׁשׁand sixand sixשֵׁשׁרוּחַ[the] side [the] side towaרוּחַכֹּלallallכֹּלרִמּוֹןthe pomegrathe pomegranateרִמּוֹןמֵאָה[were] one [were] one hundמֵאָהעַלononעַלשְׂבָכָהthe networkthe networkשְׂבָכָהסָבִיבall aroundall aroundסָבִיברָמֹםbe exaltedbe exaltedרָמֹםתֵּ֫שַׁעninenineתֵּ֫שַׁערִיחַto smellto smellרִיחַכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלסָבַבto turn: tto turn: turnסָבַבהָוָאto fallto fallהָוָאשׂוּשׂto rejoiceto rejoiceשׂוּשׂעַלheightheightעַלשְׂבָכָהשְׂבָכָהפַּעֲמֹןbellbellפַּעֲמֹןשְׂבָכָהlatticeworlatticeworkשְׂבָכָהאֶ֫לֶףthousandthousandאֶ֫לֶףשְׁמֹנֶהeighteightשְׁמֹנֶהחָמֵשׁfivefiveחָמֵשׁמֵאָהhundredhundredמֵאָהנְשָׁמָהbreathbreathנְשָׁמָהקָדִיםeasteastקָדִיםעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 52:23

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and they were the pomegranates ninety and six [the] side towards all the pomegranates [were] one hundred on the network all around
וַיִּֽהְיוּ֙vai.yih.Yu and they were H1961 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine plural
3,562× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Tyndale gloss
to be
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be

Qal

Fall out, happen

occur, take place, come about, come to pass

esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass

וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

Come into being, become

abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

sq. prep.

become

sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

sq. pred. adj.

become like

sq. pred. לְ pers.

sq. לְ pred.

oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.

with עַל and לְ

sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)

exist, be in existence

abide, remain, continue

with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie

as copula, joining subj. & pred.

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen

. occur, take place, come about, come to pass

. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

. sq. prep.

. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

. sq. pred. adj.

. become like

. sq. pred. + לְ pers.

. sq. לְ pred.

. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.

. with עַל and לְ

. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence

. abide, remain, continue

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1961 hayah haw-yaw

a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,

come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or

auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,

committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,

fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit

(one-)self, require, X use.

see HEBREW for 01933

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.

1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) ---

1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

1a1b) to come about, come to pass

1a2) to come into being, become

1a2a) to arise, appear, come

1a2b) to become

1a2b1) to become

1a2b2) to become like

1a2b3) to be instituted, be established

1a3) to be

1a3a) to exist, be in existence

1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)

1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)

1a3d) to accompany, be with

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine plural
Hc/Vqw3mp
and they were the pomegranates ninety and six [the] side towards all the pomegranates [were] one hundred on the network all around
הָֽרִמֹּנִ֔יםha.ri.mo.Nim the pomegranates H7416 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
32× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A pomegranate, a fruit or tree, was also used as an ornament in the temple.
Amplified meaning
ornaments
Tyndale gloss
pomegranate
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רִמּוֹן (rimmon) refers to a pomegranate, encompassing both the fruit and the tree, as well as pomegranate-shaped ornaments used in the temple. The word's origin is uncertain, and it is noted as a foreign term. It is linked to the root word in Strong's H7426.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רִמּוֹן n.m. pomegranate (foreign word of doubtful origin)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7416 רִמּוֹן pomegranate (doubtful word of foreign origin)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7416 rimmown rim-mone'

or rimmon {rim-mone'}; from 7426; a pomegranate, the tree

(from its upright growth) or the fruit (also an artificial

ornament):--pomegranate.

see HEBREW for 07426

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רִמּוֹן (rim.mon) — pomegranate.

1) pomegranate

1a) as tree

1b) as fruit

1c) as pomegranate shaped ornaments in temple

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
and they were the pomegranates ninety and six [the] side towards all the pomegranates [were] one hundred on the network all around
תִּשְׁעִ֥יםtish.'Im ninety H8673 Adj
20× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word represents the number ninety in biblical Hebrew, used for counting or describing large quantities of items or people, like ninety years of age.
Amplified meaning
ninety and six
Tyndale gloss
ninety
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תִּשְׁעִים (tish`iym) means 'ninety' and is derived from the root word for 'nine.' It is used as a numeral in the Old Testament, specifically denoting the quantity ninety. The entries consistently define it as a number without any significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תִּשְׁעִים 20 n.indecl. ninety

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8673 תִּשְׁעִים ninety

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8673 tish`iym tish-eem'

multiple from 8672; ninety:--ninety.

see HEBREW for 08672

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תִּשְׁעִים (tish.im) — ninety.

ninety

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAcmpa
and they were the pomegranates ninety and six [the] side towards all the pomegranates [were] one hundred on the network all around
וְשִׁשָּׁ֖הve.shi.Shah and six H8337 Conjunction
216× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means the number six, and is often used in the Bible to describe measurements, like the six days of creation in Genesis 1.
Tyndale gloss
six
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שֵׁשׁ, transliterated as shesh, means 'six' and can function as both a cardinal and ordinal number, indicating the sixth position. It is a primitive number that signifies an excess beyond five, as noted in the entries. The Aramaic equivalent is שֵׁת (shet).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֵׁשׁ, שִׁשָּׁה 216 n.m. et f. six

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8337 שֵׁשׁ, שִׁשָּׁה six

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8337 shesh shaysh

masculine shishshah {shish-shaw'}; a primitive number; six

(as an overplus (see 7797) beyond five or the fingers of the

hand); as ord. sixth:--six((-teen, -teenth)), sixth.

see HEBREW for 07797

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֵׁשׁ (shesh) — six.

1) six

1a) six (cardinal number)

1b) sixth (ordinal number)

1c) in combination with other numbers

Aramaic equivalent: shet (שֵׁת "six" H8353)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Acbsa — Conjunction
HC/Acbsa
and they were the pomegranates ninety and six [the] side towards all the pomegranates [were] one hundred on the network all around
ר֑וּחָהRu.chah [the] side towards H7307 Noun common feminine singular absolute · suffix
378× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word for spirit refers to the breath of life, the wind, or a person's mind and emotions, as seen in the book of Ezekiel.
Tyndale gloss
spirit
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רוּחַ (ruach) means breath, wind, or spirit. It encompasses various meanings, including the breath of life, emotional disposition, and the spirit of God. The term can refer to both physical phenomena, like wind, and abstract concepts, such as moral character or mental acts. Notably, it is used frequently in the context of divine inspiration and the Holy Spirit.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רוּחַ 378 n.f. (less oft. m.) breath, wind, spirit

breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.)

wind (117 t.)

spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.)

spirit of the living, breathing being

spirit as seat of emotion

occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts

rarely of the will

רוּחַ esp. of moral character

spirit of God (94 t.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7307 רוּחַ breath, wind, spirit . breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.)

. wind (117 t.)

. spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.)

. spirit of the living, breathing being

. spirit as seat of emotion

. occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts

. rarely of the will

. רוּחַ esp. of moral character

. spirit of God (94 t.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7307 ruwach roo'-akh

from 7306; wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or

even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger,

unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by

resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including

its expression and functions):--air, anger, blast, breath, X

cool, courage, mind, X quarter, X side, spirit((-ual)),

tempest, X vain, ((whirl-))wind(-y).

see HEBREW for 07306

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רוּחַ (ru.ach) — spirit.

: spirit

1) wind, breath, mind, spirit

1a) breath

1b) wind

1b1) of heaven

1b2) quarter (of wind), side

1b3) breath of air

1b4) air, gas

1b5) vain, empty thing

1c) spirit (as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation)

1c1) spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour

1c2) courage

1c3) temper, anger

1c4) impatience, patience

1c5) spirit, disposition (as troubled, bitter, discontented)

1c6) disposition (of various kinds), unaccountable or uncontrollable impulse

1c7) prophetic spirit

1d) spirit (of the living, breathing being in man and animals)

1d1) as gift, preserved by God, God's spirit, departing at death, disembodied being

1e) spirit (as seat of emotion)

1e1) desire

1e2) sorrow, trouble

1f) spirit

1f1) as seat or organ of mental acts

1f2) rarely of the will

1f3) as seat especially of moral character

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular absolute · suffix
HNcfsa/Sd
and they were the pomegranates ninety and six [the] side towards all the pomegranates [were] one hundred on the network all around
כָּל־kol- all H3605 Noun common · masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they were the pomegranates ninety and six [the] side towards all the pomegranates [were] one hundred on the network all around
הָרִמּוֹנִ֥יםha.ri.mo.Nim the pomegranates H7416 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
32× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A pomegranate, a fruit or tree, was also used as an ornament in the temple.
Tyndale gloss
pomegranate
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רִמּוֹן (rimmon) refers to a pomegranate, encompassing both the fruit and the tree, as well as pomegranate-shaped ornaments used in the temple. The word's origin is uncertain, and it is noted as a foreign term. It is linked to the root word in Strong's H7426.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רִמּוֹן n.m. pomegranate (foreign word of doubtful origin)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7416 רִמּוֹן pomegranate (doubtful word of foreign origin)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7416 rimmown rim-mone'

or rimmon {rim-mone'}; from 7426; a pomegranate, the tree

(from its upright growth) or the fruit (also an artificial

ornament):--pomegranate.

see HEBREW for 07426

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רִמּוֹן (rim.mon) — pomegranate.

1) pomegranate

1a) as tree

1b) as fruit

1c) as pomegranate shaped ornaments in temple

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
and they were the pomegranates ninety and six [the] side towards all the pomegranates [were] one hundred on the network all around
מֵאָ֛הme.'Ah [were] one hundred H3967 Adj
581× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means a hundred, used as a simple number or part of a larger number in the Bible. It appears in various forms, including fractions like one one-hundredth. Found in books like Genesis and Psalms.
Amplified meaning
one hundred, a complete quantity
Tyndale gloss
hundred
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֵאָה (me'ah) means 'hundred' in Hebrew. It can refer to a simple number, a component of a larger number, or a fraction representing one one-hundredth. The entries consistently describe its use as a numeral without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֵאָה 583 n.f. hundred

as simple number

as part of larger number

a hundredth part

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3967 מֵאָה hundred . as simple number

. as part of larger number

. a hundredth part

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3967 me'ah may-aw'

or metyah {may-yaw'}; properly, a primitive numeral; a

hundred; also as a multiplicative and a

fraction:--hundred((-fold), -th), + sixscore.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֵאָה (me.ah) — hundred.

1) hundred

1a) as simple number

1b) as part of larger number

1c) as a fraction-one one-hundredth (1/100)

Aramaic equivalent: me.ah (מְאָה "hundred" H3969)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hun'-dred (me'-ah; hekaton).

See NUMBER.

and they were the pomegranates ninety and six [the] side towards all the pomegranates [were] one hundred on the network all around
עַל־'al- on H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they were the pomegranates ninety and six [the] side towards all the pomegranates [were] one hundred on the network all around
הַשְּׂבָכָ֖הha.se.va.Khah the network H7639 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a network or lattice, like a snare for hunting or a decorative pattern on a pillar. It can also mean a net or netting. In the Bible, it is translated as words like checker, lattice, or wreath.
Amplified meaning
latticework, intricate design
Tyndale gloss
latticework
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׂבָכָה (sbakah) refers to a feminine noun meaning latticework or network. It encompasses various forms, including a hunting snare and architectural elements like balustrades. The entries highlight its use in both practical and decorative contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׂבָכָה n.f. lattice-work, network

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7639 שְׂבָכָה, שָׂבָךְ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7639 sbakah seb-aw-kaw'

feminine of 7638; a net-work, i.e (in hunting) a snare, (in

architecture) a ballustrade; also a reticulated ornament to a

pillar:--checker, lattice, network, snare, wreath(-enwork).

see HEBREW for 07638

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׂבָכָה (se.va.khah) — latticework.

1) network, lattice-work, net, netting

1a) lattice

1b) net-ornament (on pillars)

1c) network, toils (for catching animals)

Also means: sa.vakh (שָׂבָךְ "net" H7638)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

net'-wurk (sebhakhah): the Revised Version (British and American) in 2Ki 25:17; 2Ch 4:13 (also in the plural, 4:12,13), for "wreathen work" and "wreath" in the King James Version (of the adornment of the capitals of the pillars of Solomon's temple; see JACHIN AND BOAZ). "Networks" in Isa 19:9 is in the Revised Version (British and American) correctly rendered "white cloth." In the American Standard Revised Version "network" is substituted for "pictures" in the King James Version (Pr 25:11), "baskets" in the English Revised Version margin "filigree work."

and they were the pomegranates ninety and six [the] side towards all the pomegranates [were] one hundred on the network all around
סָבִֽיב׃sa.Viv all around H5439 Noun common · both singular absolute
336× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes something that surrounds or encompasses, like a circle or neighborhood, and can also mean around or about, as in on every side. It is used to describe physical locations and proximity. The KJV translates it as about or circuit.
Amplified meaning
encompassing, all-around
Tyndale gloss
around
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סָבִיב (cabiyb) primarily means 'around' and is used as a noun, adverb, and preposition. It denotes a circle, neighbors, or the surrounding area, often implying a sense of being on every side or in a circuit. The entries consistently emphasize its usage in contexts of proximity and encirclement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סָבִיב 336 subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5439 סָבִיב subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5439 cabiyb saw-beeb'

or (feminine) cbiybah {seb-ee-baw'}; from 5437; (as noun) a

circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with

or without preposition) around:--(place, round) about,

circuit, compass, on every side.

see HEBREW for 05437

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around.

: around/border

subst

1) places round about, circuit, round about

adv

2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about

prep

3) in the circuit, from every side

סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: side.

: side

subst

1) places round about, circuit, round about

adv

2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about

prep

3) in the circuit, from every side

סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: whole.

: whole

subst

1) places round about, circuit, round about

adv

2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about

prep

3) in the circuit, from every side

סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: neighours.

: neighours

subst

1) places round about, circuit, round about

adv

2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about

prep

3) in the circuit, from every side

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs — Noun common · both singular absolute
HNcbsa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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