Job 10:22 — Word Study
WLCאֶ֤רֶץ עֵיפָ֨תָה׀ כְּמ֥וֹ אֹ֗פֶל צַ֭לְמָוֶת וְלֹ֥א סְדָרִ֗ים וַתֹּ֥פַע כְּמוֹ־ אֹֽפֶל׃ פ
BSAto a landʼerets [of thick dark, a place of chaos] of utter darknessʻêyphâh [as midnight, without any light] of deep shadowtsalmâveth [death-shade, the shadow of death] and disorderlôʼ [without any order, a state of confusion] where even the lightyâphaʻ▸ [a small amount of light] is likekᵉmôw [as] darknessʼôphel [a state of gloom, spiritual darkness]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אֶ֤רֶץ | [the] land of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| עֵיפָ֨תָה׀ | darkness | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| כְּמ֥וֹ | like | Preposition |
| אֹ֗פֶל | gloom of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| צַ֭לְמָוֶת | deep darkness | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְלֹ֥א | and not | Conjunction, particle |
| סְדָרִ֗ים | order | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| וַתֹּ֥פַע | and it shone forth | Verb, Hiphil, sequential imperfect third person feminine singular |
| כְּמוֹ־ | like | Preposition |
| אֹֽפֶל׃ פ | gloom | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | to a land of utter darkness, of deep shadow and disorder, where even the light is like darkness.” |
| KJV | A land of darkness, as darkness itself; and of the shadow of death, without any order, and where the light is as darkness. |
| ASV | The land dark as midnight, The land of the shadow of death, without any order, And where the light is as midnight. |
| YLT | A land of obscurity as thick darkness, Death-shade — and no order, And the shining [is] as thick darkness.' |
| WEB | the land dark as midnight, of the shadow of death, without any order, where the light is as midnight.’” |
| BBE | A land of thick dark, without order, where the very light is dark. |
Where they part company is עֵיפָתָה — see How Translations Differ.
The structure highlights one main idea with supporting phrases that elaborate on the nature of darkness and chaos Job wishes to escape.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectלֹא
verbוְ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 10 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 10:22
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Lamentgenerated
Job 10:22 captures Job's profound despair as he speaks of a land of utter darkness and chaos. This verse is part of a larger discourse where Job wishes for relief from his suffering and contemplates the finality of death. The preceding verses illustrate his deep anguish and desire for comfort, emphasizing the bleakness of his situation.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 3:5 | May darkness and gloom reclaim it, and a cloud settle over it; may the blackness of the day overwhelm it. |
| 2 | Job 34:22 | There is no darkness or deep shadow where the workers of iniquity can hide. |
| 3 | Job 38:17 | Have the gates of death been revealed to you? Have you seen the gates of the shadow of death? |
| 4 | Psalm 23:4 | Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for You are with me; Your rod and Your staff, they comfort me. |
| 5 | Psalm 44:19 | But You have crushed us in the lair of jackals; You have covered us with deepest darkness. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עֵיפָתָה, 'ei.Fa.tahgenerated
The word עֵיפָה ('ei.Fa) is a feminine noun meaning 'darkness.' It suggests a state of obscurity or a place shrouded in shadows, often associated with sadness or difficulty. The parsing indicates it is in the singular absolute form, emphasizing a specific, intense condition of darkness.
This term is used in the Bible to evoke feelings of despair and hopelessness, marking a stark contrast to light. In this context, it underscores Job's longing for escape from his current suffering into a realm devoid of clarity and joy.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is וַתֹּ֥פַע, va.To.fa', meaning 'and it shone forth.' This verb governs the structure, with several noun phrases and prepositional phrases providing detail about the state of being described.
The sentence presents a complex image of darkness and chaos, with the finite verb at the center, indicating a state of existence where light is indistinguishable from darkness, emphasizing the depth of despair.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עֵיפָתָה with σκότους, meaning 'darkness.' This choice reflects a direct interpretation of Job's lament, emphasizing the total absence of light and hope.
The use of σκότους in the Septuagint aligns with the Hebrew's intent, conveying a sense of profound obscurity and despair.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 10:22 describes Job's wish to escape to a land of complete darkness and chaos, where even the light appears dark. This verse reflects his deep suffering and desire for relief from his pain.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job is expressing his desire to escape to a place devoid of light and hope, reflecting his profound despair and longing for relief from his suffering.
Darkness symbolizes the depth of Job's anguish and the absence of comfort in his life, illustrating the chaotic state of his existence.
Job contrasts light with darkness to emphasize that even the smallest glimmer of hope feels indistinguishable from despair in his current state.
Job's lament reveals the emotional turmoil he faces and his deep yearning for peace and understanding in the midst of his suffering.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I experience feelings of darkness or despair in my own life?
- How can I find hope or light in moments of deep struggle, similar to Job's longing for relief?
- What does this passage teach me about the nature of suffering and the human condition?
- How can I support others who may be feeling lost in their own darkness?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early commentary from Gregory the Dialogist interprets this verse as a reflection on the misery and blindness associated with suffering.
A land of misery and darkness. 'Misery' has relation to pain, 'darkness' relates to blindness. That land then which holds all those that are banished the presence of the strict Judge,Early Church Fathers on Job 10 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 10:22 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleA land of darkness, as darkness [itself],.... Not merely like it, but truly so; as gross thick darkness, like that of Egypt, that might be felt; even blackness of darkness, which is as dark as it
Read John Gill on Job 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryA land of darkness, as darkness itself; and of the shadow of death, without any order, and where the light is as darkness. A land of darkness, as darkness itself.
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 10 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleA land of darkness; either in things, without any succession of day and night, winter and summer; or among persons, where great and small are in the same condition, . Where the light is as darkness; where there is no difference between light and darkness, where the day is as dark as the night, where there is nothing but perpetual and uninterrupted darkness.
Read Matthew Poole on Job 10 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 10:22 A land of darkness, as darkness [itself; and] of the shadow of death, without any order, and [where] the light [is] as darkness.Ver. 22. A land of darkness, &c.] This is not a description of hell, and of the state of the damned (as some would have it), for Job never meant to come there, no more than Jacob did, Genesis 37:35; Genesis 42:38; but it is such an elegant description of the grave, as exceedeth the phantasy of poet, and the rhetoric of all heathen orators. There is something like it in David’ s Psalms, especially Psalms 88:11-12, where the grave is called a place of perdition, a land of forgetfulness, and of darkness, whereinto they who descend praise not God, Psalms…
Read John Trapp on Job 10 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 22. Where the light is as darkness.] A palpable obscure: it is space and place, and has only such light or capability of distinction as renders "darkness visible." The following words of Sophocles convey the same idea: Ιωσκοτοςεμοιφαος; "Thou darkness be my light." It is, as the Vulgate expresses it, Terra tenebrosa, et operta mortis caligine: Terra miseriae et tenebrarum, ubi umbra mortis, et nullus ordo, sed sempiternus horror inhabitat: "A murky land, covered with the thick darkness of death: a land of wretchedness and obscurities, where is the shadow of death, and no order, but sempiternal horror dwells everywhere." Or, as Coverdale expresses this last clause, Wheras is no ordre…
Read AdamClarke on Job 10 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges22. without any order] There Chaos reigns; cf. the beautiful description of the effect of light upon the earth, ch. Job 38:12-14. the light is as darkness] The light in that region is No light, but rather darkness visible. Job’s three friends, strong in their traditional theory and unobservant of facts or indifferent to them, maintained that God’s rule of the world was righteous, by which they meant that He rewarded the righteous with outward good and dispensed severe suffering only to the great sinner. Job agreed with them that this ought to be the way in which God governed the world, and would be the way in which a just ruler would govern it. But his own experience and much that he could…
Read Cambridge on Job 10 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleA land of darkness - The word used here (עיפה ‛êyphâh) is different from that rendered “darkness” השׁך chôshek in the previous verse. That is the common word to denote darkness; this seldom occurs.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 10 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible22. Darkness itself — Ophel. Darkness particularly thick. (Furst.) The spectacle that the interior of the dark and gloomy sepulchre presented, evidently tinged Job’s views of the state of the dead.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
to a land of utter darkness, of deep shadow and disorder, where even the light is like darkness.”
the land dark as midnight, of the shadow of death, without any order, where the light is as midnight.’”
to a land of utter darkness, of deep shadow and disorder, where even the light is like darkness.”
to the land of utter darkness, like the deepest darkness, and the deepest shadow and disorder, where even the light is like darkness.”
Tyndale line
A land of darkness, as darkness itself; and of the shadow of death, without any order, and where the light is as darkness.
The land dark as midnight, The land of the shadow of death, without any order, And where the light is as midnight.
A land of thick darkness, as darkness itself; a land of the shadow of death, without any order, and where the light is as darkness.
A land of darkness, as darkness itself ; and of the shades of death, without any order, and where the light is as darkness.
Into a land, I say, darke as darknes it selfe, and into the shadow of death, where is none order, but the light is there as darkenesse.
Strictly literal
A land of gloom, as darkness itself; of the shadow of death, without any order, where the light is as thick darkness.
A land of obscurity as thick darkness, Death-shade — and no order, And the shining [is] as thick darkness.'
A land of obscurity as thick darkness, || Death-shade—and no order, || And the shining [is] as thick darkness.”
A land of utter gloom, as of the darkness of the shadow of death, without any order, and the light of which is like utter gloom.
the land that is as dark as midnight, the land of the shadow of death, without any order, where the light is like midnight.'”
From the Latin
A land of misery and darkness, where the shadow of death, and no order, but everlasting horror dwelleth.
Simplified
the land of total darkness where death's shadow lies, a place of chaos where light itself is darkness.”
A land of thick dark, without order, where the very light is dark.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents Job 10:22 as a unified expression of Job's lament. The Septuagint matches 5 of the 10 words from the Hebrew text, indicating some alignment in meaning, though the word order and articles differ.
אֶ֤רֶץ עֵיפָ֨תָה׀ כְּמ֥וֹ אֹ֗פֶל צַ֭לְמָוֶת וְלֹ֥א סְדָרִ֗ים וַתֹּ֥פַע כְּמוֹ־ אֹֽפֶל׃ פ
5 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 10:22
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
N-cs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֵיפָה (eyphah) is a feminine noun meaning 'darkness.' It is derived from a root that suggests obscurity, as if from covering. The entries consistently define it as darkness, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
עֵיפָה n.f. darkness
base
H5890 עֵיפָה
5890 `eyphah ay-faw'
feminine from 5774; obscurity (as if from
covering):--darkness.
see HEBREW for 05774
עֵיפָה (e.phah) — darkness.
darkness
N-fs | Suff — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
Darkness
The plague (the ninth) of darkness in Egypt (Ex. 10:21) is described as darkness “which may be felt.” It covered “all the land of Egypt,” so that “they saw not one another.” It did not extend to the land of Goshen (ver. 23).
When Jesus hung upon the cross (Matt. 27:45; Luke 23:44), from the “sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour.”
is spoken of as encompassing the actual presence of God, as that out of which he speaks, --the envelope, as it were, of divine glory. (Exodus 20:21; 1 Kings 8:12) The plague of darkness in Egypt was miraculous. The darkness "over all the land," (Matthew 27:45) attending the crucifixion has been attributed to an eclipse, but was undoubtedly miraculous, as no eclipse of the sun could have taken place at that time, the moon being at the full at the time of the passover. Darkness is also, as in the expression "land of darkness," used for the state of the dead, (Job 10:21,22) and frequently, figuratively, for ignorance and unbelief, as the privation of spiritual light. (
The absence of natural light, Ge 1:2, and hence figuratively a state of misery and adversity, Job 18:6 Ps 107:10 Isa 8:22 9:1; also the absence of the sun and stars, and hence the fall of chief men and national convulsions, Isa 13:10 Ac 2:20. "Works of darkness," are the impure mysteries practiced in heathen worship, Eph 5:11. "Outer darkness" illustrates the gloom of those on whom the gates of heaven are closed, Mt 8:12. The darkness in Egypt,
כְּמוֹ (kemo) is an adverb and conjunction meaning 'like' or 'as,' often used to draw comparisons or indicate similarity. It can also mean 'when' or 'according to.' The word is derived from a pleonastic form of the prefix כְּ (k-) and is related to the word מוֹ (mo). There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)
base
H3644 כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)
3644 kmow kem-o'
or kamow {kaw-mo'}; a form of the prefix "k-", but used
separately (compare 3651); as, thus, so:--according to, (such)
as (it were, well as), in comparison of, like (as, to, unto),
thus, when, worth.
see HEBREW for 03651
כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — like.
adv
1) like, as, the like of which
conj
2) when, according as, as it were
כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — (Geruth) Chimham.
Combined with ge.rut (גֵּרוּת "Geruth" H1628)
Prep — PrepositionHR
אֹ֫פֶל (ophel) refers to darkness or gloom, often used figuratively to denote calamity or spiritual unreceptivity. It is derived from a related term indicating dusk or obscurity. The entries consistently emphasize its meanings related to physical and metaphorical darkness.
אֹ֫פֶל n.m. darkness, gloom
darkness
esp. fig. of calamity
base
H652 אֹ֫פֶל darkness, gloom
652 'ophel o'fel
from the same as 651; dusk:--darkness, obscurity, privily.
see HEBREW for 0651
אֹ֫פֶל (o.phel) — darkness.
1) darkness, gloom
2) spiritual unreceptivity, calamity (fig.)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
צַלְמָ֫וֶת (tsalmaveth) means 'death-shadow' or 'deep shadow,' often used to describe the grave or a state of calamity. It combines elements of 'shade' and 'death,' indicating deep darkness or distress. The term appears in poetic contexts, emphasizing extreme danger or the realm of the dead.
צַלְמָ֫וֶת n.[m.] death-shadow, deep shadow, poet.
base
H6757 צַלְמָ֫וֶת death-shadow, deep shadow, poet.
6757 tsalmaveth tsal-maw'-veth
from 6738 and 4194; shade of death, i.e. the grave
(figuratively, calamity):--shadow of death.
see HEBREW for 06738
see HEBREW for 04194
צַלְמָ֫וֶת (tsal.ma.vet) — shadow.
1) death-shadow, deep shadow, deep darkness, shadow of death
1a) death-shadow
1b) death-shadow, deep shadow, darkness
1c) death-shadow (of distress, extreme danger) (fig)
1d) death-shadow (of place of the dead) (fig)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Darkness
The plague (the ninth) of darkness in Egypt (Ex. 10:21) is described as darkness “which may be felt.” It covered “all the land of Egypt,” so that “they saw not one another.” It did not extend to the land of Goshen (ver. 23).
When Jesus hung upon the cross (Matt. 27:45; Luke 23:44), from the “sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour.”
is spoken of as encompassing the actual presence of God, as that out of which he speaks, --the envelope, as it were, of divine glory. (Exodus 20:21; 1 Kings 8:12) The plague of darkness in Egypt was miraculous. The darkness "over all the land," (Matthew 27:45) attending the crucifixion has been attributed to an eclipse, but was undoubtedly miraculous, as no eclipse of the sun could have taken place at that time, the moon being at the full at the time of the passover. Darkness is also, as in the expression "land of darkness," used for the state of the dead, (Job 10:21,22) and frequently, figuratively, for ignorance and unbelief, as the privation of spiritual light. (
The absence of natural light, Ge 1:2, and hence figuratively a state of misery and adversity, Job 18:6 Ps 107:10 Isa 8:22 9:1; also the absence of the sun and stars, and hence the fall of chief men and national convulsions, Isa 13:10 Ac 2:20. "Works of darkness," are the impure mysteries practiced in heathen worship, Eph 5:11. "Outer darkness" illustrates the gloom of those on whom the gates of heaven are closed, Mt 8:12. The darkness in Egypt,
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particleHC/Tn
סֵ֫דֶר n.[m.] arrangement, order;—only pl. Jb 10:22
ref
H5468 סֵ֫דֶר, סֶדֶר
5468 ceder seh'-der
from an unused root meaning to arrange; order:--order.
סֵ֫דֶר (se.der) — order.
arrangement, order
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
or'-der (`arakh, "to arrange"; tassein ( diatassein, taxis, tagma)): "Order" in Biblical phrases may indicate
(1) arrangement in rows,
(2) sequence in time,
(3) classification and organization,
(4) likeness or manner,
(5) regulation, direction or command, or
(6) the declaring of a will.
In many passages it is difficult if not impossible to determine from the English text alone in which of these senses the word is used.
1. Arrangement in Rows:
יָפַע (yapha`) is a Hebrew verb that primarily appears in the Hiphil form, meaning to shine out or forth, send out beams, or cause to shine. The entries consistently emphasize its association with light and brightness.
[יָפַע] vb. only Hiph. shine out or forth, send out beams, cause to shine
base
H3313 [יָפַע] only Hiph. shine out or forth, send out beams, cause to shine
3313 yapha` yaw-fah'
a primitive root; to shine:--be light, shew self, (cause to)
shine (forth).
יָפַע (ya.pah) — to shine.
1) to shine, shine forth or out, cause to shine, send out beams
1a) (Hiphil)
1a1) to shine out, shine forth, send out beams
1a2) to cause to shine
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect third person feminine singularHc/Vhw3fs
forth: "Forth," adverb (from "for"), signifies movement
(1) forward,
(2) out of,
(3) beyond a certain boundary.
In a few instances in the Old Testament it is the translation of the preposition `al, properly "above," "upon" (2Ki 11:15; 2Ch 23:14; Am 7:17 the King James Version), and of chuts, "without" (Ge 39:13; Jud 19:25). "Forth" is often used as an expletive of various verbs, as "break (forth)," "bring (forth)," "call (forth)," etc. In the Gospel of John it is the translation of exo, "without," as "Lazarus, come forth" (11:43; so 15:6; 19:4 the King James Version…
כְּמוֹ (kemo) is an adverb and conjunction meaning 'like' or 'as,' often used to draw comparisons or indicate similarity. It can also mean 'when' or 'according to.' The word is derived from a pleonastic form of the prefix כְּ (k-) and is related to the word מוֹ (mo). There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)
base
H3644 כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)
3644 kmow kem-o'
or kamow {kaw-mo'}; a form of the prefix "k-", but used
separately (compare 3651); as, thus, so:--according to, (such)
as (it were, well as), in comparison of, like (as, to, unto),
thus, when, worth.
see HEBREW for 03651
כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — like.
adv
1) like, as, the like of which
conj
2) when, according as, as it were
כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — (Geruth) Chimham.
Combined with ge.rut (גֵּרוּת "Geruth" H1628)
HR — PrepositionHR
אֹ֫פֶל (ophel) refers to darkness or gloom, often used figuratively to denote calamity or spiritual unreceptivity. It is derived from a related term indicating dusk or obscurity. The entries consistently emphasize its meanings related to physical and metaphorical darkness.
אֹ֫פֶל n.m. darkness, gloom
darkness
esp. fig. of calamity
base
H652 אֹ֫פֶל darkness, gloom
652 'ophel o'fel
from the same as 651; dusk:--darkness, obscurity, privily.
see HEBREW for 0651
אֹ֫פֶל (o.phel) — darkness.
1) darkness, gloom
2) spiritual unreceptivity, calamity (fig.)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa