Proverbs 21:22 — Word Study
WLCעִ֣יר גִּ֭בֹּרִים עָלָ֣ה חָכָ֑ם וַ֝יֹּ֗רֶד עֹ֣ז מִבְטֶחָֽה׃
BSAA wise [man]châkâm [skilled, intelligent, cunning] scalesʻâlâh■ [goes up into, overcomes] the cityʻîyr [town, place of refuge] of the mightygibbôwr [strong warriors, champions] and pulls downyârad▸ [brings down, casts down] the strongholdʻôz [fortress, place of trust] in which they trustmibṭâch [where, from which, have confidence, feel secure]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עִ֣יר | a city of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| גִּ֭בֹּרִים | warriors | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| עָלָ֣ה | he goes up | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| חָכָ֑ם | a wise [person] | Adj |
| וַ֝יֹּ֗רֶד | and he brought down | Verb, Hiphil, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| עֹ֣ז | [the] strength of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| מִבְטֶחָֽה׃ | trust its | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | A wise man scales the city of the mighty and pulls down the stronghold in which they trust. |
| KJV | A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, and casteth down the strength of the confidence thereof. |
| ASV | A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, And bringeth down the strength of the confidence thereof. |
| YLT | A city of the mighty hath the wise gone up, And bringeth down the strength of its confidence. |
| WEB | A wise man scales the city of the mighty, and brings down the strength of its confidence. |
| BBE | A wise man goes up into the town of the strong ones, and overcomes its strength in which they put their faith. |
All translations agree on the interpretation of חָכָ֑ם as 'wise'.
The sentence has a main clause followed by two phrases that expand on the actions of the wise man.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectחָכָם
verbעָלָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 21:22
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Wisdom of Proverbsgenerated
Proverbs 21:22 illustrates the power of wisdom in overcoming formidable challenges. It emphasizes that a wise individual can successfully navigate and dismantle the defenses of those who rely on their might. This insight is part of a broader discourse on righteousness and the outcomes of wise living, as seen in the surrounding verses, which highlight the virtues of pursuing righteousness and guarding one's speech.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Samuel 20:16–22 | a wise woman called out from the city, “Listen! Listen! Please tell Joab to come here so that I may speak with him.” |
| 2 | Ecclesiastes 7:19 | Wisdom makes the wise man stronger than ten rulers in a city. |
| 3 | Ecclesiastes 9:13–18 | I have also seen this wisdom under the sun, and it was great to me: |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חָכָ֑ם, cha.Khamgenerated
The Hebrew word חָכָם (*cha.kham*) denotes wisdom and skill, encompassing the ability to make sound judgments and decisions. It is often associated with intelligence and cunning, indicating a person who is not only knowledgeable but also adept at navigating complex situations.
This term appears frequently throughout the Scriptures, emphasizing its importance in various contexts, from leadership to personal conduct. Its parsing as an adjective suggests that it describes a quality inherent in a person, highlighting the value placed on wisdom in biblical literature.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree on the rendering of חָכָ֑ם as 'wise' in this verse.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb עָלָ֣ה governs the main action of the verse, indicating that the wise man ascends. This verb is followed by a noun phrase that describes the city of the mighty and another verb phrase that details the action of bringing down the stronghold.
The structure emphasizes the sequential actions of the wise man: first, he ascends the city, and then he brings down the stronghold, illustrating a clear progression of thought.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עִ֣יר as πόλεις, meaning 'cities', which aligns with the Hebrew meaning but broadens the context to include multiple cities. This choice reflects a focus on urban centers of power.
The Greek word καθεῖλεν corresponds to the Hebrew יָרַד, indicating the act of bringing down, which retains the sense of dismantling strongholds.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 21:22 teaches that a wise person can overcome powerful cities and dismantle the strongholds of those who trust in their might. This highlights the strength of wisdom in navigating challenges and the importance of relying on sound judgment.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Being wise here refers to having the skill and intelligence to navigate and overcome challenges, particularly those posed by powerful adversaries.
Wisdom is portrayed as a form of strength that allows a person to outsmart and dismantle the defenses of those who rely solely on physical might.
The stronghold represents a false sense of security that people place in their own power or might, which can be dismantled by wisdom.
This proverb encourages individuals to seek wisdom and understanding as a means to navigate life's challenges, rather than relying solely on brute strength or power.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I rely on my own strength rather than seeking wisdom?
- How can I cultivate wisdom to better navigate challenges I face?
- What are some examples of strongholds in society today that people trust in?
- How can I help others recognize the value of wisdom over mere strength?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators like Origen and Bede reference this verse to discuss the nature of wisdom and its power against false securities.
“The wise person assaults strong cities and demolishes the fortifications in which the ungodly trusted.” Do you think when Solomon said this he wanted to teach us that the wise person seized cities and demolished fortifications built from…Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 21 →
The wise man ascends the city of the mighty, etc. The city of the mighty, he calls the world, which once, subjected to the tyranny of evil spirits, foolishly served, having confidence in the worship of those who are not gods,Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 21 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 21:22 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleA wise [man] scaleth the city of the mighty,.... Which makes good what is elsewhere said, that "wisdom is better than strength", Ecclesiastes 9:16; and sometimes more is done by prudence and wisdom,
Read John Gill on Proverbs 21 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryA wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, and casteth down the strength of the confidence thereof.
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 21 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleA wise man sealeth the city of the mighty; wisdom and policy is ofttimes more considerable and powerful than strength. The strength of the confidence thereof; the strongest forts, to which the citizens trust most for their defence.
Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 21 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 21:22 A wise [man] scaleth the city of the mighty, and casteth down the strength of the confidence thereof.Ver. 22. A wise man scaleth the city of the miyhty.] Wisdom is that τοπαγχρεστον, which is profitable for all things; of singular and sovereign use, as in domestic and politic, so in military affairs and businesses. Here prudence is made out to be better than puissance, and one wise man to be too hard for many mighty, though got into the strongest garrisons. In war wisdom is better than strength, saith Solomon more than once. How did Archimedes hold out Syracuse against the Roman general by his singular skill and industry! And how many strong cities have been scaled and…
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 21 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 22. A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty] Wisdom is in many respects preferable to strength, even in the case of defence. See what skill does in the fortification and reduction of strong places.
Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 21 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges22. While asserting the superiority of skill to force in actual warfare (comp. Joshua 8:3-29; Ecclesiastes 9:13-15), the proverb admits of higher applications. Comp. 2 Corinthians 10:4, where as Dean Plumptre (Speaker’s Comm.) suggests, πρὸςκαθαίρεσινὀχυρωμάτων, may be a reminiscence of the LXX. rendering here, καθεῖλετὸὀχύρωμα.
Read Cambridge on Proverbs 21 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleEven in war, counsel does more than brute strength. So of the warfare which is carried on in the inner battlefield of the soul.
Read Albert Barnes on Proverbs 21 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible22. The city of the mighty — ςιψ, (‘hir,) βαψιν (gibborim.) It may mean a very strong city, or a city defended by mighty men, or both.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 21 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
A wise man scales the city of the mighty and pulls down the stronghold in which they trust.
A wise man scales the city of the mighty, and brings down the strength of its confidence.
A wise man scales the city of the mighty and pulls down the stronghold in which they trust.
The wise person can scale the city of the mighty and bring down the stronghold in which they trust.
Tyndale line
A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, and casteth down the strength of the confidence thereof.
A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, And bringeth down the strength of the confidence thereof.
A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, and bringeth down the strength of the confidence thereof.
A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, and casteth down the strength of its confidence.
A wise man goeth vp into the citie of the mightie, and casteth downe the strength of the confidence thereof.
Strictly literal
A wise [man] scaleth the city of the mighty, and casteth down the strength of the confidence thereof.
A city of the mighty hath the wise gone up, And bringeth down the strength of its confidence.
The wise has gone up a city of the mighty, || And brings down the strength of its confidence.
A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, and casteth down the strength in which they trusted.
A wise man scales the city of the mighty ones, and he brings down the stronghold in which they trusted.
From the Latin
The wise man hath scaled the city of the strong, and hath cast down the strength of the confidence thereof.
Simplified
The wise can overcome a city belonging to strong warriors, and tear down the fortress they trusted to protect them.
A wise man goes up into the town of the strong ones, and overcomes its strength in which they put their faith.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with five of the seven words matching. This consistency reflects a shared understanding of the verse's message across these traditions.
עִ֣יר גִּ֭בֹּרִים עָלָ֣ה חָכָ֑ם וַ֝יֹּ֗רֶד עֹ֣ז מִבְטֶחָֽה׃
5 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 21:22
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.
עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage
base
עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town
city, town, abode of men
of fortress in a city
appar. fortified place, of any size
base
H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men
. of fortress in a city
. appar. fortified place, of any size
5892 `iyr eer
or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)
{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a
watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or
post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִיר (ir) — excitement.
1) excitement, anguish
1a) of terror
עִיר (ir) — city.
1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town
עִיר (ir) — City (of On).
Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)
This name means city, town
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
עִיר (ir) — Ir-.
#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;
son of: Tehinnah (H8468)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
גִּבּוֹר (gibbor) means strong or mighty, and can refer to a powerful person, such as a warrior or chief. It is built from a root that implies strength and valor, covering meanings related to strength and bravery. The entries consistently emphasize its use to describe a strong man or mighty figure.
גִּבּוֹר 159 adj. strong, mighty
base
H1368 גִּבּוֹר strong, mighty
1368 gibbowr ghib-bore'
or (shortened) gibbor {ghib-bore'}; intensive from the same
as 1397; powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant:--
champion, chief, X excel, giant, man, mighty (man, one),
strong (man), valiant man.
see HEBREW for 01397
גִּבּוֹר (gib.bor) — mighty man.
adj
1) strong, mighty
n m
2) strong man, brave man, mighty man
Adj — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
The Hebrew word עָלָה (alah) means 'to ascend' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including going up, climbing, and rising in various contexts such as personal, natural, and spiritual. It can refer to actions involving people, animals, vegetation, and even thoughts, and includes nuances of being exalted or offering sacrifices. The word is built from a primitive root and appears in various grammatical forms, indicating different aspects of ascent or elevation.
עָלָה 890 vb. go up, ascend, climb
Qal
of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations
go up, in personal relations
of animals, go or come up
of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth
of natural phenom., go up, rise
of inanimate things, instead of passive construction
of thoughts
come up before God, arrogance
go up, extend, of boundary
excel
Niph.
be brought up
be taken up
pass., be taken up, away
reflex., take oneself away from, get up from
reflex.: take oneself away
be exalted, of God
Hiph.
bring up persons
in personal relations
bring up animals
cause to ascend
mentally
offer a present; bring up tithe to
exalt
cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice
Hoph.
be carried away
be taken up into, inserted in
be offered
Hithp. lift oneself
base
H5927 עָלָה go up, ascend, climb .. of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations
. go up, in personal relations
. of animals, go or come up
. of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth
. of natural phenom., go up, rise
. of inanimate things, instead of passive construction
. of thoughts
. come up before God, arrogance
. go up, extend, of boundary
. excel
. . . be brought up
. be taken up
. . pass., be taken up, away
. reflex., take oneself away from, get up from
. reflex.: take oneself away
. be exalted, of God
. . bring up persons
. in personal relations
. bring up animals
. cause to ascend
. mentally
. offer a present; bring up tithe to
. exalt
. cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice
. . be carried away
. be taken up into, inserted in
. be offered
. lift oneself
5927 `alah aw-law'
a primitive root; to ascend, intransitively (be high) or
actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary
and secondary, literal and figurative (as follow):--arise
(up), (cause to) ascend up, at once, break (the day) (up),
bring (up), (cause to) burn, carry up, cast up, + shew, climb
(up), (cause to, make to) come (up), cut off, dawn, depart,
exalt, excel, fall, fetch up, get up, (make to) go (away, up);
grow (over) increase, lay, leap, levy, lift (self) up, light,
(make) up, X mention, mount up, offer, make to pay, + perfect,
prefer, put (on), raise, recover, restore, (make to) rise
(up), scale, set (up), shoot forth (up), (begin to) spring
(up), stir up, take away (up), work.
עָלָה (a.lah) — to ascend: rise.
: rise/go
1) to go up, ascend, climb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go up, ascend
1a2) to meet, visit, follow, depart, withdraw, retreat
1a3) to go up, come up (of animals)
1a4) to spring up, grow, shoot forth (of vegetation)
1a5) to go up, go up over, rise (of natural phenomenon)
1a6) to come up (before God)
1a7) to go up, go up over, extend (of boundary)
1a8) to excel, be superior to
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be taken up, be brought up, be taken away
1b2) to take oneself away
1b3) to be exalted
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to bring up, cause to ascend or climb, cause to go up
1c2) to bring up, bring against, take away
1c3) to bring up, draw up, train
1c4) to cause to ascend
1c5) to rouse, stir up (mentally)
1c6) to offer, bring up (of gifts)
1c7) to exalt
1c8) to cause to ascend, offer
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be carried away, be led up
1d2) to be taken up into, be inserted in
1d3) to be offered
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
The Hebrew word חָכָם (*chakam*) means 'wise' and encompasses various aspects of wisdom, including skillfulness in technical work, shrewdness, and ethical understanding. It can refer to a class of learned individuals, including those involved in astrology and magic. The word is derived from a related term, חָכַם (*chakam*), which also relates to intelligence and craftiness.
חָכָם adj. wise
skilful in technical work
wise in the administration of affairs
shrewd, crafty, cunning
pl. class of learned and shrewd men, incl. astrologers, magicians and the like
prudent
wise, ethically and religiously
base
H2450 חָכָם wise . skilful in technical work
. wise in the administration of affairs
. shrewd, crafty, cunning
. pl. class of learned and shrewd men, incl. astrologers, magicians and the like
. prudent
. wise, ethically and religiously
2450 chakam khaw-kawm'
from 2449; wise, (i.e. intelligent, skilful or
artful):--cunning (man), subtil, ((un-)), wise((hearted),
man).
see HEBREW for 02449
חָכָם (cha.kham) — wise.
1) wise, wise (man)
1a) skilful (in technical work)
1b) wise (in administration)
1c) shrewd, crafty, cunning, wily, subtle
1d) learned, shrewd (class of men)
1e) prudent
1f) wise (ethically and religiously)
Adj — AdjHAamsa
The Hebrew word יָרַד (yarad) means to come or go down, covering various contexts such as descending from mountains, going to battle, or sinking in water. It can also refer to divine manifestations descending or being prostrated. The word has different forms including Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, which indicate various nuances of bringing down or being brought down.
יָרַד 380 vb. come or go down, descend
Qal 306
come or go down
go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle
go down to (acc.) threshing-floor
go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt
from Jerusalem
from altar
go down
= sink, in water
go down to She’ôl
fig. going down (dissolving) in tears
= be prostrated
of divine manifestations: descend
of inanimate things
Hiph.
cause to come or go down
bring down
send down rain = cause to flow down
= lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor
bring down to She’ôl
take down (from cart)
let down
Hoph.
be brought down
be taken down
base
H3381 יָרַד come or go down, descend .. . come or go down
. go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle
. go down to (acc.) threshing-floor
. go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt
. from Jerusalem
. from altar
. go down
. = sink, in water
. go down to She’ôl
. fig. going down (dissolving) in tears
. = be prostrated
. of divine manifestations: descend
. of inanimate things
. . cause to come or go down . bring down
. send down rain = cause to flow down
. = lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor
. bring down to She’ôl
. take down (from cart)
. let down
. . be brought down
. be taken down
3381 yarad yaw-rad'
a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or
conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary,
the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to
bring down (in all the above applications); -X abundantly,
bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down,
fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, X
indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to,
let) run down, sink, subdue, take down.
יָרַד (ya.rad) — to go down.
1) to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come down
1a2) to sink
1a3) to be prostrated
1a4) to come down (of revelation)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to bring down
1b2) to send down
1b3) to take down
1b4) to lay prostrate
1b5) to let down
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be brought down
1c2) to be taken down
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vhw3ms
עֹז (oz) refers to strength or might, encompassing material, physical, personal, social, and political dimensions. It can denote boldness or impudence and is associated with the might of God. The word is built from the root related to strength and power, with various applications noted in the entries.
עֹז, and (rarely) עוֹז n.m. strength, might
material and physical
personal, social, and political
might of י׳
= boldness, impudence
= stronghold
base
H5797 עֹז, and (rarely) עוֹז strength, might . material and physical
. personal, social, and political
. might of י׳
. = boldness, impudence
. = stronghold
5797 `oz oze
or (fully) rowz {oze}; from 5810; strength in various
applications (force, security, majesty, praise):--boldness,
loud, might, power, strength, strong.
see HEBREW for 05810
עֹז (oz) — strength.
1) might, strength
1a) material or physical
1b) personal or social or political
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מִבְטָח (mibtach) refers to confidence, encompassing both the act of confiding and the state of security or assurance. It is derived from a root meaning 'refuge' and can denote trust or hope. The entries consistently highlight its use in contexts related to security and assurance.
מִבְטָח n.[m.] confidence
the act of confiding
the object of confidence
the state of confidence, security.
base
H4009 מִבְטָח confidence . the act of confiding
. the object of confidence
. the state of confidence, security.
4009 mibtach mib-tawkh'
from 982; properly, a refuge, i.e. (objective) security, or
(subjective) assurance:--confidence, hope, sure, trust.
see HEBREW for 0982
מִבְטָח (miv.tach) — confidence.
1) trust, confidence, refuge
1a) act of confiding
1b) object of confidence
1c) state of confidence, security
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3fs