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Psalms 119:14 — Word Study

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WLCבְּדֶ֖רֶךְ עֵדְוֹתֶ֥יךָ שַׂ֗שְׂתִּי כְּעַ֣ל כָּל־ הֽוֹן׃

BSAI rejoicesûws [have taken delight, feel joyful] in the wayderek [road or path, manner of life] of Your testimoniesʻêdûwth [laws or instructions, witness to Your character] as much as inʻal [to the same extent, equally] allkôl [every, the entirety of] richeshôwn [wealth, substance, valuable possessions]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 119
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 14 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Hon) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 119:14quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist expresses joy in following God's instructions, valuing them as highly as material wealth.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, reflecting on his relationship with God's testimonies.
Where we areIn a meditation on the value of God's laws, situated within Psalm 119.
The hard wordשַׂ֗שְׂתִּי
Take awayDelight in God's ways is equated with the joy found in riches.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbשׂוּשׂ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 119:14

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Meditation on God's Testimoniesgenerated

13With my lips I proclaim all the judgments of Your mouth.
14I rejoice in the way of Your testimonies as much as in all riches.
15I will meditate on Your precepts and regard Your ways.
16I will delight in Your statutes; I will not forget Your word.

Psalm 119:14 reflects the psalmist's deep appreciation for God's testimonies, comparing his joy in them to the joy found in great wealth. This verse is part of a larger meditation on the significance of God's laws, which guide and shape the believer's life. The psalmist emphasizes the importance of these divine instructions, indicating that they are not merely rules but a source of profound joy and fulfillment.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 119:47–72I delight in Your commandments because I love them.
2Psalm 19:9–10The fear of the LORD is pure, enduring forever; the judgments of the LORD are true, being altogether righteous.
3Psalm 112:1Hallelujah! Blessed is the man who fears the LORD, who greatly delights in His commandments.
4Job 23:12I have not departed from the command of His lips; I have treasured the words of His mouth more than my daily bread.
5Jeremiah 15:16Your words were found, and I ate them. Your words became my joy and my heart’s delight. For I bear Your name, O LORD God of Hosts.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word שַׂ֗שְׂתִּי, Sas.tigenerated

The verb שׂוּשׂ (suws) means to rejoice or exult. It conveys a sense of brightness and cheerfulness, often associated with celebrations or expressions of joy. The perfect tense indicates a completed action, suggesting that the psalmist has fully embraced this joy in the way of God's testimonies.

This word encapsulates the emotional response of the psalmist towards God's instructions, indicating that his delight is not fleeting but a deep-seated joy rooted in his relationship with God's laws.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb of the verse is שַׂ֗שְׂתִּי, I rejoice, which governs the entire sentence. The structure includes a prepositional phrase describing the object of joy, a noun phrase detailing the testimonies, and a comparative phrase that equates the joy found in God's laws to that found in wealth.

The arrangement emphasizes the psalmist's focus on the joy derived from following God's path, highlighting the importance of the testimonies in shaping a fulfilling life.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates בְּדֶ֖רֶךְ as ὁδῷ (hodos), meaning 'way' or 'path.' This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the concept of a journey or manner of life.

The Greek word ἐτέρφθην captures the sense of joy in a different form, indicating a nurturing or flourishing aspect of the psalmist's delight in God's testimonies.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 119:14 expresses the psalmist's joy in following God's laws, comparing this joy to the happiness found in great wealth. He emphasizes how valuable God's testimonies are in guiding his life.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the psalmist mean by 'the way of Your testimonies'?

The 'way of Your testimonies' refers to the path or manner of living that is guided by God's laws and instructions.

Why does the psalmist compare joy in God's testimonies to riches?

The comparison highlights the immense value and satisfaction the psalmist finds in following God's guidance, equating it with the joy of possessing wealth.

How can I apply this verse to my life?

You can seek to find joy in following God's teachings and instructions, recognizing their value as a guiding path in your life.

What are testimonies in the context of this verse?

Testimonies refer to God's laws and instructions, which serve as a witness to His character and guidance for living.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I experienced joy in following God's guidance?
  2. How can I cultivate a deeper appreciation for God's testimonies in my daily life?
  3. What are some practical steps I can take to align my life with the path God has set for me?
  4. How do I view the value of God's laws compared to worldly riches?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

The verse has been commented on by early church fathers, including Augustine of Hippo, who highlights the joy found in God's testimonies as comparable to wealth.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 119 354–430
"I have had as great delight in the way Your testimonies, as in all manner of riches" [Psalms 119:14].
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 119 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 119:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies,.... The way which the Scriptures, that testify of God and Christ, direct unto; and the principal way is Christ himself, the only way of life and

Read John Gill on Psalms 119 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, as much as in all riches. I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, as (much as) in all riches. "The way of thy testimonies" is that way which is prescribed by them.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 119 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

In the way of thy testimonies; in the study and practice of them.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 119 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 119:14 I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, as [much as] in all riches.Ver. 14. I have rejoiced] Heb. I have inwardly rejoiced. Pleasures of the mind are unspeakably joyous. Eudoxus was content to have been burnt by the sun presently, might he but come so near it as to learn the nature of it. Pliny perished by peeping into the fire of Etna. Archimedes lost his life by being too intent upon his mathematical studies. As much as in all riches] Heb. in all opulency and affluence.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 119 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 14. I have rejoiced] 11. He must consider it his chief happiness to be found in the path of obedience, giving his whole heart and strength to God; and when enabled to do it, he should rejoice more in it than if he had gained thousands of gold and silver. O how great is the treasure of a tender and approving conscience!

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 119 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

14. Obedience to the laws by which God attests His Will is the true wealth which brings joy to life. Cp. the teaching of Pro 2:4; Proverbs 3:13 ff; Proverbs 8:10-11; Proverbs 8:18-19; Proverbs 16:16.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 119 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

I have rejoiced ... - I do rejoice; I exult in this; I find my happiness there. The word expresses a high degree of joy. As much as in all riches - Hebrew, “as upon all wealth.” As people rejoice who have great wealth.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 119 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

á, Beth.9-16. After the general preliminary given in “Aleph,” the value of the divine word, as the guide of early life, is considered.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Psalms 119 →

The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

I rejoice in the way of Your testimonies as much as in all riches.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

I have rejoiced in the way of your testimonies, as much as in all riches.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

I rejoice in the way of Your testimonies as much as in all riches.

NETBNew English Translation2006

I rejoice in the lifestyle prescribed by your rules as if they were riches of all kinds.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, as much as in all riches.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, As much as in all riches.

RVARevised Version, American1894

I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, as much as in all riches.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, as much as in all riches.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

I haue had as great delight in the way of thy testimonies, as in all riches.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, as [much as] in all wealth.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

In the way of Thy testimonies I have joyed, As over all wealth.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

I have rejoiced in the way of Your testimonies, || As over all wealth.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

On the way of thy testimonies have I been glad, as over all wealth.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

I rejoice in the way of your covenant decrees more than in all riches.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

I enjoy your laws more than having plenty of money.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

I have taken as much delight in the way of your unchanging word, as in all wealth.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּinnoun phraseדֶ֖רֶךְthe.waynoun phraseעֵדְוֺתֶ֥יyour.testimoniesךָyourverbשַׂ֗שְׂתִּיI.exultprepositional phrase · prepositionalכְּasprepositional phraseעַ֣לonnoun phraseכָּלallהֽוֹןwealth

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads: 'בְּדֶ֖רֶךְ עֵדְוֹתֶ֥יךָ שַׂ֗שְׂתִּי כְּעַ֣ל כָּל־ הֽוֹן׃' which translates to 'I rejoice in the way of Your testimonies as much as in all riches.' The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in meaning, as all six words correspond directly, though the word order is different. The Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q90) also align closely with the Masoretic Text, but two words are partly restored and three are supplied by an editor, indicating some textual variation. Overall, the main ideas remain consistent across these witnesses, emphasizing the joy found in God's testimonies.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

בְּדֶ֖רֶךְ עֵדְוֹתֶ֥יךָ שַׂ֗שְׂתִּי כְּעַ֣ל כָּל־ הֽוֹן׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
בְּדֶ֖רֶךְὁδῷעֵדְוֹתֶ֥יךָσουשַׂ֗שְׂתִּיἐτέρφθηνכְּעַ֣לἐπὶכָּל־παντὶהֽוֹן׃πλούτῳ

6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q90a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

בדרך עדואתי׳ך ששתי [כעל] [כל] [הון]

2 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 3 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 119:14דֶּ֫רֶךְin [the] wain [the] way ofדֶּ֫רֶךְעֵדוּתtestimoniestestimonies youעֵדוּתשׂוּשׂI exultI exultשׂוּשׂעַלas onas onעַלכֹּלallallכֹּלהוֹןwealthwealthהוֹןדָּרַךְto treadto treadדָּרַךְכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלעֵדwitnesswitnessעֵדעַלheightheightעַלהוּןbe readybe readyהוּןאוֹןstrengthstrengthאוֹןפָּנָהCorner (GaCorner (Gate)פָּנָהצָפוֹןZaphonZaphonצָפוֹןכַּפֹּרֶתmercy seatmercy seatכַּפֹּרֶתלוּחַtablettabletלוּחַגִּילto rejoiceto rejoiceגִּילחָתָןson-in-lawson-in-lawחָתָןכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהעָשִׁירrichrichעָשִׁיריָקָרpreciouspreciousיָקָר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 119:14

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

in [the] way of testimonies your I exult as on all wealth
בְּדֶ֖רֶךְbe.De.rekh in [the] way of H1870 Preposition · noun common both singular construct
708× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Derek refers to a road or path, and can also mean a way of life or manner of action. It is often used to describe a journey or direction, and can be used figuratively to describe a person's character or moral path.
Amplified meaning
road or path, manner of life
Tyndale gloss
way: road
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (derek) means way, road, or journey, and can refer to both literal paths and figurative courses of life or actions. It encompasses various aspects such as direction, manner, and moral character, often highlighting the nature of one's conduct. The term is used in both positive and negative contexts, reflecting the moral implications of one's path.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ 715 n.m. way, road, distance, journey, manner

way, road, path

journey

of direction, almost or quite = toward

way, manner

fig. of course of life, or action, undertakings

of moral action and character

of duty

specif.: in good sense

oftener in bad sense

way of י׳

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1870 דֶּ֫רֶךְ way, road, distance, journey, manner . way, road, path

. journey

. of direction, almost or quite = toward

. way, manner

. fig. of course of life, or action, undertakings

. . of moral action and character

. of duty

. specif.: in good sense

. oftener in bad sense

. way of י׳

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1870 derek deh'-rek

from 1869; a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of

life or mode of action, often adverb:--along, away, because

of, + by, conversation, custom, (east-)ward, journey, manner,

passenger, through, toward, (high-) (path-)way(-side),

whither(-soever).

see HEBREW for 01869

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: conduct.

: conduct/lifestyle

1) way, road, distance, journey, manner

1a) road, way, path

1b) journey

1c) direction

1d) manner, habit, way

1e) of course of life (fig.)

1f) of moral character (fig.)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — Way.

This name means way, road

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — (King's) Highway.

This name means way, road

Combined with me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "King's" H4428I)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: direction.

: direction

1) way, road, distance, journey, manner

1a) road, way, path

1b) journey

1c) direction

1d) manner, habit, way

1e) of course of life (fig.)

1f) of moral character (fig.)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: road.

: road/route

1) way, road, distance, journey, manner

1a) road, way, path

1b) journey

1c) direction

1d) manner, habit, way

1e) of course of life (fig.)

1f) of moral character (fig.)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: journey.

: journey

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common both singular construct
HR/Ncbsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

in [the] way of testimonies your I exult as on all wealth
עֵדְוֹתֶ֥יךָ'e.de.vo.Tei.kha testimonies your H5715 Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
61× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means a testimony or witness, often referring to God's laws or instructions. It is used in several books, including Exodus and Deuteronomy, to describe God's guidance. The word emphasizes the importance of following God's laws.
Amplified meaning
laws or instructions, witness to Your character
Tyndale gloss
testimony
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֵדוּת (eduwth) is a feminine noun meaning 'testimony' or 'witness.' It is derived from the root word עֵד (ed), which also relates to the concept of testimony. The term appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, emphasizing its significance in legal and religious settings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֵדוּת 19 and עֵדֻת 27 n.f. testimony

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5715 עֵדוּת, עֵדֻת testimony

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5715 `eduwth ay-dooth'

feminine of 5707; testimony:--testimony, witness.

see HEBREW for 05707

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֵדוּת (e.dut) — testimony.

testimony

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HNcfpc/Sp2ms
in [the] way of testimonies your I exult as on all wealth
שַׂ֗שְׂתִּיSas.ti I exult H7797 Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
27× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to feel joyful or cheerful, like a bright and happy feeling. It appears in the Bible when people are celebrating or giving thanks. In the KJV, it is often translated as 'rejoice' or 'be glad'.
Amplified meaning
have taken delight, feel joyful
Tyndale gloss
to rejoice
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שׂוּשׂ (suws) is a Hebrew verb meaning to exult or rejoice. It conveys a sense of brightness and cheerfulness, often associated with displaying joy. The entries consistently emphasize its use in expressing joy and gladness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שׂוּשׂ, שִׂישׂ vb. exult, rejoice

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7797 שׂוּשׂ, שִׂישׂ exult, rejoice

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7797 suws soos

or siys {sece}; a primitive root; to be bright, i.e.

cheerful:--be glad, X greatly, joy, make mirth, rejoice.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שׂוּשׂ (su.s) — to rejoice.

1) to exult, rejoice

1a) (Qal) to exult, display joy

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-1cs — Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
HVqp1cs
in [the] way of testimonies your I exult as on all wealth
כְּעַ֣לke.'Al as on H5921 Preposition · preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Amplified meaning
to the same extent, equally
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

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Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

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Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Prep — Preposition · preposition
HR/R
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
in [the] way of testimonies your I exult as on all wealth
כָּל־kol- all H3605 Noun common · masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
every, the entirety of
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
in [the] way of testimonies your I exult as on all wealth
הֽוֹן׃Hon wealth H1952 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
26× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to wealth or substance, implying that something is enough or of high value. It can also be translated as riches or sufficiency.
Amplified meaning
wealth, substance, valuable possessions
Tyndale gloss
substance
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הוֹן (hown) refers to wealth, riches, or substance, and can also imply sufficiency or enough. It is primarily found in poetic contexts, particularly in Wisdom Literature like Proverbs. The term is derived from a related root that conveys the idea of wealth and value.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הוֹן n.m. wealth, sufficiency (poet., almost wholly WisdLt, especially Pr)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1952 הוֹן wealth, sufficiency (poet., almost wholly WisdLt, especially Pr)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1952 hown hone

from the same as 1951 in the sense of 202; wealth; by

implication, enough:--enough, + for nought, riches, substance,

wealth.

see HEBREW for 01951

see HEBREW for 0202

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הוֹן (hon) — substance.

1) wealth, riches, substance

1a) wealth

1b) price, high value

interj

2) enough!, sufficiency

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ See RICHES

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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