Psalms 119:69 — Word Study
WLCטָפְל֬וּ עָלַ֣י שֶׁ֣קֶר זֵדִ֑ים אֲ֝נִ֗י בְּכָל־ לֵ֤ב׀ אֱצֹּ֬ר פִּקּוּדֶֽיךָ׃
BSAThough the arrogantzêd [proud, presumptuous] have smeared meṭâphal■ [forged a lie, falsely accused] with liessheqer [deception, falsehood] ◂Iʼănîy keepnâtsar▸ [watch, guard] Your preceptspiqqûwd [commands, statutes] with allkôl [everything, my whole being] my heartlêb [inner self, will, emotions]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| טָפְל֬וּ | they have smeared | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| עָלַ֣י | on me | Preposition, suffix |
| שֶׁ֣קֶר | falsehood | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| זֵדִ֑ים | arrogant [people] | Adj |
| אֲ֝נִ֗י | I | Pronoun |
| בְּכָל־ | with all | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| לֵ֤ב׀ | [the] heart | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| אֱצֹּ֬ר | I observe | Verb, Qal, imperfect first person common singular |
| פִּקּוּדֶֽיךָ׃ | precepts your | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Though the arrogant have smeared me with lies, I keep Your precepts with all my heart. |
| KJV | The proud have forged a lie against me: but I will keep thy precepts with my whole heart. |
| ASV | The proud have forged a lie against me: With my whole heart will I keep thy precepts. |
| YLT | Forged against me falsehood have the proud, I with the whole heart keep Thy precepts. |
| WEB | The proud have smeared a lie upon me. With my whole heart, I will keep your precepts. |
| BBE | The men of pride have said false things about me; but I will keep your orders in my heart. |
Where they part company is זֵדִ֑ים — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence presents a contrast between the actions of the arrogant and the psalmist's determined response, with the main clauses clearly delineating this relationship.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectזֵד
verbטָפַל
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 119:69
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Reflections on God's Law Amidst Adversitygenerated
Psalm 119:69 is part of a meditation on the law of God, where the psalmist contrasts his faithfulness to God's commands with the hostility he faces from the arrogant. This section emphasizes the importance of adhering to divine statutes even when confronted with falsehood and slander, showcasing a deep commitment to righteousness.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 35:11 | Hostile witnesses come forward; they make charges I know nothing about. |
| 2 | Psalm 109:2–3 | For wicked and deceitful mouths open against me; they speak against me with lying tongues. |
| 3 | Job 13:4 | You, however, smear with lies; you are all worthless physicians. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 43:2–3 | Azariah son of Hoshaiah, Johanan son of Kareah, and all the arrogant men said to Jeremiah, “You are lying! The LORD our God has not sent you to say, ‘You must not go to Egypt to reside there.’ |
| 5 | Matthew 5:11–12 | Blessed are you when people insult you, persecute you, and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of Me. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — טָפְל֬וּ, ta.fe.Lugenerated
The verb טָפַל (tafal) means 'to smear' and is used here in a figurative sense to describe being falsely accused. The root implies sticking something on, which can be understood as an imposition of lies upon someone.
In this context, the psalmist indicates that the arrogant have smeared him with lies, suggesting a deliberate act of deception aimed at damaging his reputation. The perfect tense indicates that this action has occurred and continues to affect him.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB uses smeared for טָפְל֬וּ, while the KJV and others also use have smeared, maintaining the sense of false accusation.
Where others part company with the BSB is in the rendering of זֵדִ֑ים. The KJV and several others translate it as proud, while the ILT opts for presumptuous, highlighting a subtle distinction in the character of those who accuse.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is אֱצֹּ֬ר, I observe, which governs the sentence. It is followed by a prepositional phrase indicating the subject of falsehood and a noun phrase describing the arrogant.
The structure emphasizes the contrast between the actions of the arrogant and the psalmist's commitment to God's precepts, with the subject אֲ֝נִ֗י placed prominently to stress personal resolve.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates טָפְל֬וּ as ἐπληθύνθη, suggesting an increase or multiplication of falsehoods, which may imply a more extensive impact of the accusations than the Hebrew term conveys.
This choice reflects a broader interpretation of the psalmist's experience, emphasizing the overwhelming nature of the lies he faces.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 119:69 shows the psalmist facing lies from arrogant people but choosing to keep God's commands with all his heart. This highlights his dedication to following God's law despite adversity.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that the arrogant have falsely accused him, attempting to damage his reputation and undermine his faithfulness to God.
He maintains his commitment to God's precepts, showing that he prioritizes divine instruction over human criticism.
It signifies total dedication and sincerity in following God's commands, reflecting a deep personal relationship with Him.
This verse exemplifies the struggle between faithfulness to God's law and the challenges posed by the world, a recurring theme throughout Psalm 119.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I faced false accusations, and how did I respond?
- What does it look like to keep God's commands with all my heart in my daily life?
- How can I support others who are being falsely accused or mistreated?
- What does this verse teach me about the relationship between pride and dishonesty?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early church father Augustine of Hippo reflects on this verse in his exposition, discussing the implications of pride and falsehood in relation to humility and truth.
Next he says, "The iniquity of the proud has been multiplied upon me" [Psalms 119:69]: of those, that is, whom it profited not that human nature was humbled after it went wrong.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 119 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 119:69 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe proud have forged a lie against me,.... Or, "sewed a lie to him" (r); fastened a lie upon him, or sewed and added one lie to another.
Read John Gill on Psalms 119 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe proud have forged a lie against me: but I will keep thy precepts with my whole heart.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 119 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleForged a lie; a slander, charging me with hypocrisy towards God, and rebellion against my prince. But I will keep thy precepts; my practice shall confute their calumnies.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 119 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 119:69 The proud have forged a lie against me: [but] I will keep thy precepts with [my] whole heart.Ver. 69. The proud have forged a lie against me] Heb. They have cunningly and finely aspersed me. Mendacium mendacio assuentes, piecing one lie to another, and drawing together iniquity with the cart ropes of vanity. Concinnarunt, artificiose confinxerunt. But l will keep thy precepts] Notwithstanding their slanders; and the rather.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 119 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(69) Have forged.—Rather, patched. The verb occurs twice besides (Job 13:4; Job 14:17). Gesenius compares the Greek, δόλονἐάπτειν, and the Latin, suere dolos. Comp. also “You praise yourself by laying defects of judgment to me; but you patched up your excuses.” Antony and Cleopatra: Acts 2, Scene 2.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 119 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 69. The proud have forged a lie] The poor captives in Babylon had their conduct and motives continually misrepresented, and themselves belied and calumniated.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 119 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges69. The proud have forged a lie against me] Lit. have plastered falsehood over me, “making his true character unrecognisable” (Del.), or perhaps, questioning the sincerity and disinterestedness of his service; but his answer to their calumny is a more resolute determination to obey: as for me, with my whole heart will I keep thy precepts.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 119 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe proud - The psalmist had before referred to the “proud” as those from whom he had suffered injury, or as having been exposed to their derision. See the notes at Psalms 119:51.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 119 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Though the arrogant have smeared me with lies, I keep Your precepts with all my heart.
The proud have smeared a lie upon me. With my whole heart, I will keep your precepts.
Though the arrogant have smeared me with lies, I keep Your precepts with all my heart.
Arrogant people smear my reputation with lies, but I observe your precepts with all my heart.
Tyndale line
The proud have forged a lie against me: but I will keep thy precepts with my whole heart.
The proud have forged a lie against me: With my whole heart will I keep thy precepts.
The proud have forged a lie against me: with my whole heart will I keep thy precepts.
The proud have forged a lie against me: but I will keep thy precepts with my whole heart.
The proud haue imagined a lie against me: but I wil keepe thy precepts with my whole heart.
Strictly literal
The proud have forged falsehood against me: I will observe thy precepts with [my] whole heart.
Forged against me falsehood have the proud, I with the whole heart keep Thy precepts.
The proud have forged falsehood against me, || I keep Your precepts with the whole heart.
The presumptuous have invented falsehoods against me; but I will with all my heart indeed keep thy precepts.
The arrogant have smeared me with lies, but I keep your instructions with my whole heart.
Simplified
Arrogant people smear my reputation with lies; but I whole-heartedly follow your commands.
The men of pride have said false things about me; but I will keep your orders in my heart.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in wording, with the Septuagint providing a translation that captures the essence of the Hebrew without significant variation. The Dead Sea Scrolls also align with the Masoretic Text, though one word is partly restored.
טָפְל֬וּ עָלַ֣י שֶׁ֣קֶר זֵדִ֑ים אֲ֝נִ֗י בְּכָל־ לֵ֤ב׀ אֱצֹּ֬ר פִּקּוּדֶֽיךָ׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
טפלו על׳י שקר זדים אני בכול לב אצורה פקודי׳כה
8 words on the leather — 1 partly restored.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 119:69
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
טָפַל (taphal) is a primitive root meaning to stick on or smear, often used in a figurative sense to imply false imputation. The entries indicate it can refer to actions like gluing or plastering over. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
[טָפַל] vb. smear or plaster (over), stick, glue
base
H2950 טָפַל
2950 taphal taw-fal'
a primitive root; properly, to stick on as a patch;
figuratively, to impute falsely:--forge(-r), sew up.
טָפַל (ta.phal) — to smear.
(Qal) to smear, plaster over, stick, glue
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
שֶׁ֫קֶר (sheqer) refers to deception, falsehood, and disappointment. It encompasses various forms of deceit, including fraud and wrongful testimony. The word is built from the root associated with untruths and can imply sham or lying. It is used in contexts involving false prophets and general dishonesty.
שֶׁ֫קֶר 113 n.m. deception, disappointment, falsehood
deception, what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one
deceit, fraud, wrong
injurious falsehood, in testimony
falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets
lie, falsehood, in gen.
base
H8267 שֶׁ֫קֶר deception, disappointment, falsehood . deception, what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one
. deceit, fraud, wrong
. injurious falsehood, in testimony
. falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets
. lie, falsehood, in gen.
8267 sheqer sheh'-ker
from 8266; an untruth; by implication, a sham (often
adverbial):--without a cause, deceit(-ful),
false(-hood, -ly), feignedly, liar, + lie, lying, vain
(thing), wrongfully.
see HEBREW for 08266
שֶׁ֫קֶר (she.qer) — deception.
1) lie, deception, disappointment, falsehood
1a) deception (what deceives or disappoints or betrays one)
1b) deceit, fraud, wrong
1b1) fraudulently, wrongfully (as adverb)
1c) falsehood (injurious in testimony)
1c1) testify falsehood, false oath, swear falsely
1d) falsity (of false or self-deceived prophets)
1e) lie, falsehood (in general)
1e1) false tongue
1f) in vain
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
fols'-hood.
See LYING.
→ General scriptures concerning Ex 20:16; 23:1; Le 6:2-7; 19:11,12,16; Job 13:4; 21:34; 27:4; 31:5,6,33; 36:4; Ps 5:6,9; 10:7; 12:2,3; 28:3; 31:18; 34:13; 36:3; 50:19,20; 52:2-5; 55:21,23; 58:3; 59:12; 62:4; 63:11; 101:5,7; 109:2; 116:11; 119:29,69,163; 120:2-4; 144:8,11; Pr 2:12-15; 3:3; 6:12,13,17-19; 10:9,10,18,31; 11:9; 12:17,19,20,22; 13:5; 14:5,8,25; 17:4,7; 19:5,9,22,28; 20:17; 21:6; 26:18,19,24-26,28; 27:14; Ec 5:6; Isa 28:15; 32:7; 57:11; 59:3,4,12,13; 63:8;
זֵד (zed) refers to a quality of arrogance or insolence, describing someone who is presumptuous or proud. The term can function as both an adjective and a noun, indicating arrogant individuals collectively. It is derived from a root meaning to be arrogant, and its usage is consistent across various lexicons.
זֵד adj. insolent, presumptious
base
H2086 זֵד insolent, presumptious
2086 zed zade'
from 2102; arrogant:--presumptuous, proud.
see HEBREW for 02102
זֵד (zed) — arrogant.
1) arrogant, proud, insolent, presumptuous
1a) the arrogant ones (as n coll pl)
1b) presumptuous (as adj)
Adj — AdjHAampa
pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…
אֲנִי, transliterated as aniy, is a first-person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me.' It is often used for emphasis and can also imply possession, as in 'mine' or 'myself.' The word is derived from a form that indicates self-reference, and it appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament.
אֲנִי, אָ֑נִי pron. 1s. comm. I
base
H589 אֲנִי, אָ֑נִי I
589 'aniy an-ee'
contracted from 595; I:--I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, X
which, X who.
see HEBREW for 0595
אֲנִי (a.ni) — I.
I (first pers. sing. -usually used for emphasis)
Pron — PronounHPp1bs
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
The Hebrew word לֵב (lev) means 'heart' and encompasses the inner man, mind, will, and emotions. It refers to the center of feelings, intellect, and moral character, as well as the seat of appetites and courage. The entries suggest a broad range of meanings related to human experience and thought, with a specific mention of its use in Jeremiah 51:1.
לֵב 599 n.m. (f.) inner man, mind, will, heart
seldom of things in the midst of the sea
elsewhere of men
the inner man in contrast with the outer
the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
specific reference to mind
spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
spec. ref. to conscience
[various]
for the man himself
as seat of appetites
as seat of emotions and passions
seat of courage
base
לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.
ref
H3820a לֵב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the sea
. elsewhere of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer
. the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
. specific reference to mind
. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
. spec. ref. to conscience
. [various]
. for the man himself
. as seat of appetites
. as seat of emotions and passions
. seat of courage
H3820b לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash
3820 leb labe
a form of 3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very
widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect;
likewise for the centre of anything:--+ care for, comfortably,
consent, X considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-),
(hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart((-ed)), X
heed, X I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), X regard((-ed)), X
themselves, X unawares, understanding, X well, willingly,
wisdom.
see HEBREW for 03824
לֵב (lev) — heart.
1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding
1a) inner part, midst
1a1) midst (of things)
1a2) heart (of man)
1a3) soul, heart (of man)
1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
1a6) conscience
1a7) heart (of moral character)
1a8) as seat of appetites
1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
לֵב (lev) — Leb.
§ Leb- = "heart of"
(probably a cryptic name for Babylon by Atbash)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
hart (lebh, lebhabh; kardia): The different senses in which the word occurs in the Old Testament and the New Testament may be grouped under the following heads:
1. Various Meanings:
It represents in the first place the bodily organ, and by easy transition those experiences which affect or are affected by the body. Fear, love, courage, anger, Joy, sorrow, hatred are always ascribed to the heart--especially in the Old Testament; thus courage for which usually ruach is used (Ps 27:14); joy (Ps 4:7); anger (De 19:6, "while his heart is hot," lebhabh); fear (1Sa 25:37); sorrow (Ps 13:2), etc.
Heart
According to the Bible, the heart is the centre not only of spiritual activity, but of all the operations of human life. “Heart” and “soul” are often used interchangeably (Deut. 6:5; 26:16; comp. Matt. 22:37; Mark 12:30, 33), but this is not generally the case.
The heart is the “home of the personal life,” and hence a man is designated, according to his heart, wise (1 Kings 3:12, etc.), pure (Ps. 24:4; Matt. 5:8, etc.), upright and righteous (Gen. 20:5, 6;
נָצַר (natsar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to watch, guard, or keep. It encompasses a range of actions including protecting, preserving, and observing, as well as concealing or keeping secret. The entries suggest both positive and negative connotations, such as guarding from danger or hiding something. The term can also refer to a watchman.
[נָצַר] vb. watch, guard, keep;—Qal
Watch, guard, keep
Guard from dangers, preserve
Guard with fidelity, keep, observe
Guard, keep secret
Keep close, blockaded
base
H5341 נָצַר watch, guard, keep . Watch, guard, keep
. Guard from dangers, preserve
. Guard with fidelity, keep, observe
. Guard, keep secret
. Keep close, blockaded
5341 natsar naw-tsar'
a primitive root; to guard, in a good sense (to protect,
maintain, obey, etc.) or a bad one (to conceal, etc.):--
besieged, hidden thing, keep(-er, -ing), monument, observe,
preserve(-r), subtil, watcher(-man).
נָצַר (na.tsar) — to watch.
1) to guard, watch, watch over, keep
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to watch, guard, keep
1a2) to preserve, guard from dangers
1a3) to keep, observe, guard with fidelity
1a4) to guard, keep secret
1a5) to be kept close, be blockaded
1a6) watchman (participle)
V-Qal-Imperf-1cs — Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singularHVqi1cs
ob-zurv' (representing various words, but chiefly shamar, "to keep," "to watch" etc.): Properly means "to take heed to," as in Isa 42:20, "Thou seest many things, but thou observest not" and from this sense all the usages of the word in English Versions of the Bible can be understood. Most of them, indeed are quite good modern usage (as "observe a feast," Ex 12:17, etc.; "observe a law" Le 19:37, etc.), but a few are archaic. So Ge 37:11, the King James Version "His father observed the saying" (the Revised Version (British and American) "kept the saying in mind"); Ho 13:7, "As a leopard .... will I observe them" (the…
פִּקּוּד (piqqud) refers to a precept or mandate, specifically one that is appointed by God. It is derived from a root meaning to appoint and is used in a plural form to collectively denote commandments or statutes within the Law.
[פִּקּוּד] 24 n.m. precept
base
H6490 [פִּקּוּד] precept
6490 piqquwd pik-kood'
or piqqud {pik-kood'}; from 6485; properly, appointed, i.e. a
mandate (of God; plural only, collectively, for the
Law):--commandment, precept, statute.
see HEBREW for 06485
פִּקּוּד (piq.qud) — precept.
precept, statute
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp2ms