Menu

Psalms 13:2 — Word Study

Depth

WLCעַד־ אָ֨נָה אָשִׁ֪ית עֵצ֡וֹת בְּנַפְשִׁ֗י יָג֣וֹן בִּלְבָבִ֣י יוֹמָ֑ם עַד־ אָ֓נָה׀ יָר֖וּם אֹיְבִ֣י עָלָֽי׃

BSAHow longʻad How longʻad

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 13
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 2 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('a.Lai) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 13:2quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist expresses deep anguish and questions how long he must endure turmoil and sorrow.
Who is speakingA psalmist, likely David, lamenting to the LORD about his struggles.
Where we areThis verse is part of a lament, where the psalmist cries out to God in distress.
The hard wordיָג֣וֹן
Take awayThe psalmist feels overwhelmed by sorrow and seeks relief from his enemy.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectאָן verbאָן The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 13:2

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Cry for Helpgenerated

1How long, O LORD? Will You forget me forever? How long will You hide Your face from me?
2How long must I wrestle in my soul, with sorrow in my heart each day? How long will my enemy dominate me?
3Consider me and respond, O LORD my God. Give light to my eyes, lest I sleep in death,
4lest my enemy say, “I have overcome him,” and my foes rejoice when I fall.

Psalm 13:2 captures the psalmist's deep emotional struggle as he wrestles with sorrow and the feeling of abandonment by God. This lament reflects a universal human experience of distress and the longing for divine intervention. The psalmist's plea is not just for relief from his enemy but also for peace within his own soul, as he grapples with his inner turmoil.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 77:2–12In the day of trouble I sought the Lord; through the night my outstretched hands did not grow weary; my soul refused to be comforted.
2Psalm 94:18–19If I say, “My foot is slipping,” Your loving devotion, O LORD, supports me.
3Psalm 142:4–7Look to my right and see; no one attends to me. There is no refuge for me; no one cares for my soul.
4Job 7:12–15Am I the sea, or the monster of the deep, that You must keep me under guard?
5Job 9:19–21If it is a matter of strength, He is indeed mighty! If it is a matter of justice, who can summon Him ?

The Key Word יָג֣וֹן, ya.Gongenerated

The Hebrew word יָג֣וֹן (yagon) refers to a state of sorrow or grief, indicating a profound emotional pain. It is derived from a root meaning affliction, and it is often used in contexts that describe distress and anguish.

In this verse, יָג֣וֹן signifies the psalmist's sorrowful condition, emphasizing the weight of his emotional struggle as he questions how long he must endure such feelings. This word encapsulates the depth of his despair and longing for relief.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse contains a main clause initiated by the finite verb אָשִׁ֪ית, will I set, which governs the emotional state expressed in the noun phrase יָג֣וֹן, sorrow. This structure emphasizes the psalmist's internal struggle and the actions he contemplates amidst his grief.

The additional phrases provide context: the prepositional phrases בְּנַפְשִׁ֗י (in my soul) and בִּלְבָבִ֣י (in my heart) highlight the depth of his emotional turmoil, while the adverbial יוֹמָ֑ם (by day) underscores the daily nature of his suffering.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יָג֣וֹן as πότε (when), which shifts the focus slightly from the emotional state of sorrow to a questioning of time. This choice highlights the psalmist's desperation for an answer regarding the duration of his suffering.

This translation choice reflects a broader interpretive angle, suggesting that the psalmist's sorrow is intertwined with a longing for resolution and clarity about his circumstances.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 13:2 expresses the psalmist's deep sorrow and questions how long he must endure this pain. He feels turmoil in his soul and grief in his heart every day, while also feeling dominated by his enemy. This verse captures the essence of his struggle and his plea for relief.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the psalmist mean by 'wrestle in my soul'?

The phrase indicates an internal struggle, where the psalmist is grappling with his emotions and mental state, feeling turmoil and distress.

Why does the psalmist repeatedly ask 'how long'?

This repetition emphasizes his desperation and longing for an end to his suffering, reflecting a common human experience of waiting for relief.

What does 'my enemy dominate me' imply?

This phrase suggests that the psalmist feels overwhelmed and oppressed by external forces, indicating a sense of vulnerability and helplessness.

How can this verse relate to our own experiences of sorrow?

Many people can relate to feelings of sorrow and distress, making this verse a poignant reminder of the struggles we face and the desire for divine intervention.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life do I feel turmoil and sorrow, similar to the psalmist?
  2. How can I bring my struggles to God in prayer, as the psalmist does?
  3. What does it mean to me to question 'how long' in my own challenges?
  4. How can I find comfort in knowing that others have experienced similar feelings of distress?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, reflecting on the nature of human sorrow and divine providence.

Origen of AlexandriaSELECTIONS FROM THE Psalms 13:2 c. 185–253
At first this one makes many plans in his soul, but in the end [see v. 5], he rests in the great plan of God for everyone, whose spirit is in the root of Jesse.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 13 →
John ChrysostomCOMMENTARY ON THE Psalms 13:1 c. 347–407
Just as the sailor on leaving port wanders in every direction and the person deprived of light bumps into many things, so too the one who encounters God’s forgetting is caught up constantly in worries and cares and sorrows.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 13 →
Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 13 354–430
"How long shall I place counsel in my soul?" [Psalms 13:2]. There is no need of counsel but in adversity.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 13 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 13:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

How long shall I take counsel in my soul,.... Or "put it" (s); to take counsel of good men and faithful friends, in matters of moment and difficulty, is safe and right; and it is best of all to take

Read John Gill on Psalms 13 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my heart daily? how long shall mine enemy be exalted over me? How long shall I take (literally, put) counsel in my soul?

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 13 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

How long shall I be in such perplexities and anxieties of mind, not knowing what course to take, nor how to get out of my troubles?

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 13 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 13:2 How long shall I take counsel in my soul, [having] sorrow in my heart daily? how long shall mine enemy be exalted over me?Ver. 2. How long shall I take counsel in my soul] i.e. Conceal my grief, saith Aben Ezra, which is no small aggravation of it; or, How long shall I toss and tumble in my mind sundry counsels and purposes, but all to no purpose? This is no small affliction, when we try all courses to get out of durance, and nothing will do. Such must needs have much sorrow in their hearts. Having sorrow in my heart daily?] Heb. by day, sc. when others are full of business and forget their sorrows, saith R. David. But the Greek rendereth it, day and night. David was a cheerful…

Read John Trapp on Psalms 13 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(2) Take counsel.—Literally, put plans unto my soul. The plans (LXX., âïõëὰ ?ò) formed in the mind turn to sorrows as they are frustrated. It is, however, so doubtful whether nephesh can stand for the mind, that it is better to render, how long shall I form plans against my soul (having) sorrow in my heart all the day? The next verse confirms the suspicion that suicide had been in the psalmist’s mind. Daily.—There is a doubt about this rendering; but so Symmachus, and many moderns, relying on Ezekiel 30:16, “distresses daily.”

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 13 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 2. Take counsel in my soul] I am continually framing ways and means of deliverance; but they all come to naught, because thou comest not to my deliverance. When a soul feels the burden and guilt of sin, it tries innumerable schemes of self-recovery; but they are all useless. None but God can speak peace to a guilty conscience. Mine enemy be exalted] Satan appears to triumph while the soul lies under the curse of a broken law.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 13 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

2. Lit. How long shall I set counsels in my soul? devising one plan after another in vain. daily] The Heb. word means by day in contrast to by night (Psalms 22:2). We must either supply and by night (it is added in some MSS. of the LXX), or with R.V. render all the day, which however is hardly justified by usage. But an easy emendation gives the sense daily, which seems to be required by the context. be exalted] Be in authority and have the upper hand. Cp. Psalms 12:8.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 13 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

How long - This refers to the third aspect of the case, or the third phase of the trouble, that is, that he was perplexed and embarrassed, having a deep and heavy sorrow in his heart, and he asks how long this was to continue.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 13 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

How long must I wrestle in my soul, with sorrow in my heart each day? How long will my enemy dominate me?

WEBWorld English Bible2000

How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my heart every day? How long shall my enemy triumph over me?

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

How long must I wrestle in my soul, with sorrow in my heart each day? How long will my enemy dominate me?

NETBNew English Translation2006

How long must I worry, and suffer in broad daylight? How long will my enemy gloat over me?

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my heart daily? how long shall mine enemy be exalted over me?

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

How long shall I take counsel in my soul, Having sorrow in my heart all the day? How long shall mine enemy be exalted over me?

RVARevised Version, American1894

How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my heart all the day? how long shall mine enemy be exalted over me?

NWBWebster's Bible1833

How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my heart daily? how long shall my enemy be exalted over me?

GNVGeneva Bible1599

How long shall I take counsell within my selfe, hauing wearinesse dayly in mine heart? how long shall mine enemie be exalted aboue me?

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

How long shall I take counsel in my soul, with sorrow in my heart daily? how long shall mine enemy be exalted over me?

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Till when do I set counsels in my soul? Sorrow in my heart daily? Till when is mine enemy exalted over me?

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Until when do I set counsels in my soul, || [With] sorrow in my heart daily? Until when is my enemy exalted over me?

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(13:3) How long shall I have to devise resolves in my soul, with grief in my heart daily? how long shall my enemy exalt himself over me?

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

How long must I worry and have grief in my heart all day? How long will my enemy triumph over me?

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The Lord hath looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there be any that understand and seek God.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

How long must I be in inner turmoil, feeling sad all day long? How long will my enemy be victorious over me?

BBEBible in Basic English1949

How long is my soul to be in doubt, with sorrow in my heart all the day? how long will he who is against me be given power over me?

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַדuntilאָ֨נָהwhen?verbאָשִׁ֪יתwill.I.setobjectעֵצ֡וֹתcounsel(s)prepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּinnoun phraseנַפְשִׁ֗soulיmyclausesubjectיָג֣וֹןsorrowprepositional phrase · predicateבִּinnoun phraseלְבָבִ֣heartיmyadverbialיוֹמָ֑םby.dayclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַדuntilאָ֓נָהwhen?verbיָר֖וּםwill.he.be.exaltednoun phrase · subjectאֹיְבִ֣enemyיmyprepositional phrase · prepositionalעָלָֽoverיme

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text (MT) of Psalms 13:2 presents the phrase as a lament about internal struggle and the dominance of an enemy. The Septuagint (LXX) does not provide a complete text for comparison but matches 10 of the 13 words with the MT, indicating some agreement, though the exact wording and structure differ. The Dead Sea Scrolls (11Q7 and 5/6hev1b) contain fragments that suggest a different focus, mentioning God and the idea of being forgotten or hidden, which diverges significantly from the MT's emphasis on personal anguish and enemy oppression. Therefore, while the MT and LXX show some alignment, the Dead Sea Scrolls introduce alternative themes that are not present in the MT.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

עַד־ אָ֨נָה אָשִׁ֪ית עֵצ֡וֹת בְּנַפְשִׁ֗י יָג֣וֹן בִּלְבָבִ֣י יוֹמָ֑ם עַד־ אָ֓נָה׀ יָר֖וּם אֹיְבִ֣י עָלָֽי׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
עַד־κύριεאָ֨נָהἕωςאָשִׁ֪יתπότεעֵצ֡וֹתἐπιλήσῃבְּנַפְשִׁ֗יἕωςיָג֣וֹןπότεבִּלְבָבִ֣יπρόσωπόνיוֹמָ֑םσουעַד־ἀπ’אָ֓נָה׀ἐμοῦ

10 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 11Q7a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[עד] [אנ׳ה] [יהוה] [תשכח׳ני] [נצח] [עד] אנ׳ה תסתיר [את] [פני׳כה] [ממ׳ני]

11 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 9 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 5/6hev1ba copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

עד אנ׳ה יהוה תשכח׳ני נצח עד אנ׳ה [תסתיר] [את] [פני׳ך] [ממ׳ני]

11 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 4 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 13:2עַדuntiluntilעַדאָןwhen?when?אָןשִׁיתwill I setwill I setשִׁיתעֵצָהcounselcounselעֵצָהנֶ֫פֶשׁin soul myin soul myנֶ֫פֶשׁיָגוֹןsorrowsorrowיָגוֹןלֵבָבin heart myin heart myלֵבָביוֹמָםby dayby dayיוֹמָםעַדuntiluntilעַדאָןwhen?when?אָןרוּםwill he be will he be exalרוּםאָיַבenemy myenemy myאָיַבעַלover meover meעַלאַ֫יִןwhere?where?אַ֫יִןיָעַץto adviseto adviseיָעַץעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדנָפַשׁbe refreshbe refreshedנָפַשׁיָגָהto sufferto sufferיָגָהלבבto encourato encourageלבביוֹםdaydayיוֹםאָיַבbe hostilebe hostileאָיַבעַלheightheightעַלמָתַיhowhowמָתַיעֶ֫רֶבeveningeveningעֶ֫רֶבדּוֹדbelovedbelovedדּוֹדעֵ֫דֶרflockflockעֵ֫דֶרחֹ֫שֶׁךְdarknessdarknessחֹ֫שֶׁךְאֲחִיתֹ֫פֶלAhithophelAhithophelאֲחִיתֹ֫פֶלבָּקַשׁto seekto seekבָּקַשׁחַיalivealiveחַיאֲנָחָהsighingsighingאֲנָחָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 13:2

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

until when? will I set counsel in soul my sorrow in heart my by day until when? will he be exalted enemy my over me
עַד־'ad- until H5704 Preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
until when? will I set counsel in soul my sorrow in heart my by day until when? will he be exalted enemy my over me
אָ֨נָה'A.nah when? H575 Particle
41× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'where' is used to ask about location or direction, like in Genesis 3:9 and Exodus 2:13. It can also mean 'when' or 'how long'.
Tyndale gloss
where?
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָן (an) is an adverb meaning 'where?' or 'whither?'. It can also refer to time, asking 'when?' or 'how long?'. The word is derived from a root meaning to indicate place or time, and it is used in contexts that inquire about location or duration.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָן adv. where? or whither?

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H575 אָן where? or whither?

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

575 'an awn

or manah {aw-naw'}; contracted from 370; where?; hence,

whither?, when?; also hither and thither:--+ any (no)

whither, now, where, whither(-soever).

see HEBREW for 0370

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָן (an) — where?.

1) where?, whither? (of place)

2) when?, until when?, how long? (of time)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTi — Particle
HTi
until when? will I set counsel in soul my sorrow in heart my by day until when? will he be exalted enemy my over me
אָשִׁ֪ית'a.Shit will I set H7896 Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singular
83× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to place or set something, and it's used in many different ways, like appointing someone to a job or setting your mind to do something. It appears in books like Genesis and Exodus. It can also mean to lay hands on someone or make something happen.
Tyndale gloss
to set: make
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שִׁית (shiyth) is a primitive root meaning to put or set, with a wide range of applications including appointing, laying, and constituting. It can also imply taking a stand or being imposed upon. The entries consistently emphasize its versatility in contexts of action and intention.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שִׁית vb. put, set

Qal

put, lay

set, station

set one's mind to, give heed, attention

set, fix

constitute, make one something

internally trans., = take one's stand

Hoph. if a ransom be imposed

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7896 שִׁית put, set .. put, lay

. . set, station

. set one's mind to, give heed, attention

. set, fix

. constitute, make one something

. internally trans., = take one's stand

. if a ransom be imposed

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7896 shiyth sheeth

a primitive root; to place (in a very wide

application):--apply, appoint, array, bring, consider, lay

(up), let alone, X look, make, mark, put (on), + regard, set,

shew, be stayed, X take.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שִׁית (shit) — to set: make.

: make/establish

1) to put, set

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)

1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to

1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform

1a4) to take one's stand

1a5) to lay waste

1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon

שִׁית (shit) — to set: put.

: put/bring

1) to put, set

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)

1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to

1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform

1a4) to take one's stand

1a5) to lay waste

1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon

שִׁית (shit) — to set: appoint.

: appoint

1) to put, set

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)

1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to

1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform

1a4) to take one's stand

1a5) to lay waste

1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon

שִׁית (shit) — to set: accuse.

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi1cs — Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singular
HVqi1cs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

Few words in the English language have such a rich variety of meaning and are used in so rich a variety of idiomatic expression as the word "set." A glance at any of the great dictionaries will convince anyone of the truth of this statement. The Standard Dictionary devotes three and a half columns to the word. In its primary meaning it there denotes 22 distinct things, in its secondary meaning 17 more, while 18 distinct phrases are given in which it is used, in some cases again in a variety of meanings. It is indeed a word calculated to drive a foreigner to despair. Some 70 Hebrew and about 30 Greek words in the original tongues of the Holy Scriptures have been rendered by the word "set," in the King James Version and also in the Revised Version (British and American). A careful comparative study of the original and of translations in other tongues will at once indicate that a lack of…

until when? will I set counsel in soul my sorrow in heart my by day until when? will he be exalted enemy my over me
עֵצ֡וֹתe.Tzot counsel H6098 Noun common · feminine plural absolute
89× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means counsel or advice, implying a plan or purpose. It is used in the Bible when describing wise decision-making.
Tyndale gloss
counsel
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֵצָה (`etsah) refers to counsel or advice, and can also imply a plan or purpose. It is derived from a root meaning to advise or provide guidance. The entries consistently emphasize its use in contexts related to providing counsel or making decisions.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֵצָה n.f. counsel, advice

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6098 עֵצָה counsel, advice

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6098 `etsah ay-tsaw'

from 3289; advice; by implication, plan; also

prudence:--advice, advisement, counsel(l-(or)), purpose.

see HEBREW for 03289

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֵצָה (e.tsah) — counsel.

counsel, advice, purpose

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfpa — Noun common · feminine plural absolute
HNcfpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning Pr 1:5; 9:9; 11:14; 12:15; 15:22; 19:20; 20:18; 24:6; 27:9

→ See PRUDENCE

→ REJECTED Pr 1:24-33

→ INSTANCES OF

By Rehoboam 1Ki 12:8-16

By the rich young ruler Mt 19:22

Thompson Chain Reference topics

(1) The importance of Seeking

Pr 11:14; 12:15; 13:10; 15:22; 20:18

--SEE Instruction (1), INSTRUCTION

Guidance, (3), GUIDANCE

Counsellors, COUNSELLORS

(2) Wise, Examples of

Ex 18:19; 1Ki 12:7; Da 4:27; Mt 27:19; Ac 5:35; Re 3:18

--SEE Exhortations, EXHORTATIONS

(3) Evil

Nu 31:16; 1Ki 12:10,28; 2Ch 10:10; 22:3;

until when? will I set counsel in soul my sorrow in heart my by day until when? will he be exalted enemy my over me
בְּנַפְשִׁ֗יbe.naf.Shi in soul my H5315 Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
754× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for soul or living being, used in the Bible to describe the essence of a person or animal. It encompasses the ideas of life, breath, and vitality, and is translated as 'soul' or 'creature' in the KJV. This word is central to biblical concepts of humanity and existence.
Tyndale gloss
soul
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word נֶ֫פֶשׁ (*nephesh*) broadly means 'soul' or 'living being,' encompassing concepts like life, self, person, desire, and emotion. It is derived from the root meaning 'to breathe' and signifies both physical and mental aspects of existence. The lexicons note its use in various contexts, including as the seat of appetites and emotions, though its application to will and character is uncertain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נֶ֫פֶשׁ 756 n.f. soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion

= that which breathes, the breathing substance or being

The נפשׁ becomes a living being

The נפשׁ is specif.

The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself

נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)

נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions

נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts

נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.

נפשׁ = character is still more dub.

נ׳ in D

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5315 נֶ֫פֶשׁ soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion . = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being

. The נפשׁ becomes a living being

. The נפשׁ is specif.

. The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself

. נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)

. נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions

. נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts

. נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.

. נפשׁ = character is still more dub.

. נ׳ in D

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5315 nephesh neh'-fesh

from 5314; properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of

(abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal,

accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental):--any,

appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, X dead(-ly), desire,

X (dis-)contented, X fish, ghost, + greedy, he, heart(-y),

(hath, X jeopardy of) life (X in jeopardy), lust, man, me,

mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-,

thy-)self, them (your)-selves, + slay, soul, + tablet, they,

thing, (X she) will, X would have it.

see HEBREW for 05314

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul.

1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion

1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man

1b) living being

1c) living being (with life in the blood)

1d) the man himself, self, person or individual

1e) seat of the appetites

1f) seat of emotions and passions

1g) activity of mind

1g1) uncertain

1h) activity of the will

1h1) uncertain

1i) activity of the character

1i1) uncertain

נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul: life.

1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion

1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man

1b) living being

1c) living being (with life in the blood)

1d) the man himself, self, person or individual

1e) seat of the appetites

1f) seat of emotions and passions

1g) activity of mind

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncfsc/Sp1bs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncfsc/Sp1bs
until when? will I set counsel in soul my sorrow in heart my by day until when? will he be exalted enemy my over me
יָג֣וֹןya.Gon sorrow H3015 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
14× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Yagon refers to a state of sorrow or grief, like the anguish felt after a loss, and is used in the Bible to describe emotional pain.
Tyndale gloss
sorrow
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָגוֹן (yagown) refers to grief or sorrow, encompassing feelings of anguish and affliction. It is derived from the root word for affliction, יָגוֹן is used in contexts related to emotional pain and distress.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָגוֹן n.[m.] grief, sorrow

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3015 יָגוֹן grief, sorrow

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3015 yagown yaw-gohn'

from 3013; affliction:--grief, sorrow.

see HEBREW for 03013

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָגוֹן (ya.gon) — sorrow.

grief, sorrow, anguish

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sor'-o (chebhel, yaghon, makh'obh, etc.; lupe): The Old Testament has very many words translated "sorrow," those named being the most frequent; in the New Testament "sorrow" is usually the translation of lupe (Lu 22:45; Joh 16:6; 2Co 2:3,7, etc.). Penthos, translated "sorrow" in Re 18:7; 21:4, is in the Revised Version (British and American) "mourning." Odune, of pain-and distress, is thus rendered in Ro 9:2; 1Ti 6:10 (compare the verb in Lu 2:48; Ac 20:38). the…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ God takes notice

Of Hagar' s Ge 21:17-20

Of the Israelites Ex 3:7-10

→ For sin 2Co 7:10,11

→ See REPENTANCE

→ See SIN, CONFESSION OF

→ No sorrow in heaven Re 21:4

→ “Sorrow and sighing will flee away,” Isa 35:10

→ Of Hannah 1Sa 1:15

→ Of David for Absalom 2Sa 18:33; 19:1-8

→ Of Mary and Martha Joh 11:19-40

→ Of Jeremiah La 1:12

until when? will I set counsel in soul my sorrow in heart my by day until when? will he be exalted enemy my over me
בִּלְבָבִ֣יbil.va.Vi in heart my H3824 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
252× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The heart is the innermost part of a person, including their mind, will, and emotions. In the book of Psalms, David talks about his heart being heavy with sorrow, while in the book of Proverbs, it discusses the importance of guarding one's heart.
Tyndale gloss
heart
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֵבָב (lebab) refers to the inner man, encompassing the mind, will, and heart. It highlights aspects like emotions, moral character, and conscience, often contrasting the inner self with the outer. The term is used primarily for humans and can also denote courage and appetites.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֵבָב 251 n.m. inner man, mind, will, heart

seldom of things in the midst of the seas

usu. of men

the inner man in contrast with the outer

the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will

specific ref. to mind

spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will

spec. ref. to conscience

spec. ref. to moral character

= the man himself

spec. as seat of appetites

spec. of seat of the emotions and passions

seat of courage

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3824 לֵבָב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the seas

. usu. of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer

. the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will

. specific ref. to mind

. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will

. spec. ref. to conscience

. spec. ref. to moral character

. = the man himself

. spec. as seat of appetites

. spec. of seat of the emotions and passions

. seat of courage

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3824 lebab lay-bawb'

from 3823; the heart (as the most interior organ); used also

like 3820:--+ bethink themselves, breast, comfortably,

courage, ((faint), (tender-)heart((-ed)), midst, mind, X

unawares, understanding.

see HEBREW for 03823

see HEBREW for 03820

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֵבָב (le.vav) — heart.

1) inner man, mind, will, heart, soul, understanding

1a) inner part, midst

1a1) midst (of things)

1a2) heart (of man)

1a3) soul, heart (of man)

1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory

1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)

1a6) conscience

1a7) heart (of moral character)

1a8) as seat of appetites

1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage

Aramaic equivalent: le.vav (לְבַב "heart" H3825)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncmsc/Sp1bs — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncmsc/Sp1bs
until when? will I set counsel in soul my sorrow in heart my by day until when? will he be exalted enemy my over me
יוֹמָ֑םyo.Mam by day H3119 Adverb
50× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The word 'yomam' means 'by day' or 'daily', and is used in the Bible to describe actions or events that happen during the daytime. It can also refer to the daytime itself, as opposed to the nighttime. This word is used to emphasize the daily nature of certain activities or routines.
Tyndale gloss
by day
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יוֹמָם (yowmam) refers to the concept of daytime or the period of light in a day. It functions both as a noun meaning 'daytime' and as an adverb meaning 'by day.' The word is derived from יוֹם (yom), which means 'day.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יוֹמָם 51 subst. and adv. daytime, by day

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3119 יוֹמָם subst. and adv. daytime, by day

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3119 yowmam yo-mawm'

from 3117; daily:--daily, (by, in the) day(-time).

see HEBREW for 03117

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יוֹמָם (yo.mam) — by day.

adv

1) by day, in the daytime

subst

2) daytime

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HD — Adverb
HD
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

da (yom; hemera): This common word has caused some trouble to plain readers, because they have not noticed that the word is used in several different senses in the English Bible. When the different uses of the word are understood the difficulty of interpretation vanishes. We note several different uses of the word:

(1) It sometimes means the time from daylight till dark. This popular meaning is easily discovered by the context, e. g. Ge 1:5; 8:22, etc. The marked periods of this daytime were morning, noon and night, as with us. See Ps 55:17. The early hours were sometimes called "the cool of the day" (Ge 3:8). After the exile the day. or daytime was divided into twelve hours and the night into twelve (see

Day

The Jews reckoned the day from sunset to sunset (Lev. 23:32). It was originally divided into three parts (Ps. 55:17). “The heat of the day” (1 Sam. 11:11; Neh. 7:3) was at our nine o’clock, and “the cool of the day” just before sunset (Gen. 3:8). Before the Captivity the Jews divided the night into three watches, (1) from sunset to midnight (Lam. 2:19); (2) from midnight till the cock-crowing (Judg. 7:19); and (3) from the cock-crowing till sunrise (Ex.…

The variable length of the natural day at different seasons led in the very earliest times to the adoption of the civil day (or one revolution of the sun) as a standard of time. The Hebrews reckoned the day from evening to evening, (Leviticus 23:32) deriving it from (Genesis 1:5) "the evening and the morning were the first day." The Jews are supposed, like the modern Arabs, to have adopted from an early period minute specifications of the parts of the natural day. Roughly, indeed, they were content to divide it into "morning, evening and noonday," (Psalms 55:17) but when they wished for greater accuracy they pointed to six unequal parts, each of which was again subdivided. These are held to have been -- "the dawn." "Sunrise."…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The day is distinguished into natural, civil, and artificial. The natural day is one revolution of the earth on its axis. The civil day is that, the beginning and the end of which are determined by the custom of any nation. The Hebrews began their day in the evening, Le 23:32; the Babylonians at sunrise; and we begin at midnight. The artificial day is the time of the sun’s continuance above the horizon, which is unequal according to different seasons, on account of the obliquity of the equator. The sacred writers generally divide the day into twelve hours. The sixth hour always ends at noon throughout the year; and the twelfth hour is the last hour before sunset. But in summer, all the hours of the day were longer than in winter, while those of night were shorter. See HOURS, and THREE.

until when? will I set counsel in soul my sorrow in heart my by day until when? will he be exalted enemy my over me
עַד־'ad- until H5704 Preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
until when? will I set counsel in soul my sorrow in heart my by day until when? will he be exalted enemy my over me
אָ֓נָה׀'A.nah when? H575 Particle
41× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'where' is used to ask about location or direction, like in Genesis 3:9 and Exodus 2:13. It can also mean 'when' or 'how long'.
Tyndale gloss
where?
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָן (an) is an adverb meaning 'where?' or 'whither?'. It can also refer to time, asking 'when?' or 'how long?'. The word is derived from a root meaning to indicate place or time, and it is used in contexts that inquire about location or duration.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָן adv. where? or whither?

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H575 אָן where? or whither?

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

575 'an awn

or manah {aw-naw'}; contracted from 370; where?; hence,

whither?, when?; also hither and thither:--+ any (no)

whither, now, where, whither(-soever).

see HEBREW for 0370

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָן (an) — where?.

1) where?, whither? (of place)

2) when?, until when?, how long? (of time)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTi — Particle
HTi
until when? will I set counsel in soul my sorrow in heart my by day until when? will he be exalted enemy my over me
יָר֖וּםya.Rum will he be exalted H7311 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
190× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb can mean to lift something or someone up, like a parent lifting a child, or to exalt oneself in pride. In the Bible, it's used to describe God lifting up the humble and bringing down the proud.
Tyndale gloss
to exalt
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רוּם (ruwm) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be high or exalted, covering a range of actions such as rising, lifting, and promoting. It can refer to physical elevation, like raising an ark or setting up a throne, as well as figurative exaltation, particularly in relation to God. The word also has a related form, רָמַם (ramam), which means to be wormy.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רוּם vb. be high, exalted, rise

Qal

be high, lit. rock (in fig.)

esp. of י׳

be raised, uplifted

be lifted, rise, of ark

Pō‛lēl

raise, rear, children

cause tree to grow

lift up

exalt, extol, acc. י׳

Pō‛lal be lift up

Hiph.

raise, rear, c. acc., hand

raise poor

lift up voice

(take into one's hand and) lift, take up, stone

set up, erect, stone

set on high, throne

lift up, exalt, c. acc. pers.

lift up and take away, remove

lift off and present, contribute, offer

Hoph. be taken off from; be abolished

Hithpō‛l. and he shall exalt and magnify himself above, etc.; I will raise myself

base

[רָמַם] vb. denom. be wormy;—Ex 16:20

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7311a רוּם be high, exalted, rise .. . be high, lit. rock (in fig.)

. esp. of י׳

. be raised, uplifted

. be lifted, rise, of ark

.. . raise, rear, children

. cause tree to grow

. lift up

. exalt, extol, acc. י׳

.be lift up

. . . . raise, rear, c. acc., hand

. raise poor

. lift up voice

. (take into one's hand and) lift, take up, stone

. set up, erect, stone

. set on high, throne

. lift up, exalt, c. acc. pers.

. lift up and take away, remove

. lift off and present, contribute, offer

. be taken off from; be abolished

. and he shall exalt and magnify himself above, etc.; I will raise myself

H7311b רָמַם vb. denom. be wormy

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7311 ruwm room

a primitive root; to be high actively, to rise or raise (in

various applications, literally or figuratively):--bring up,

exalt (self), extol, give, go up, haughty, heave (up), (be,

lift up on, make on, set up on, too) high(-er, one), hold up,

levy, lift(-er) up, (be) lofty, (X a-)loud, mount up, offer

(up), + presumptuously, (be) promote(-ion), proud, set up,

tall(-er), take (away, off, up), breed worms.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רוּם (rum) — to exalt.

1) to rise, rise up, be high, be lofty, be exalted

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be high, be set on high

1a2) to be raised, be uplifted, be exalted

1a3) to be lifted, rise

1b) (Polel)

1b1) to raise or rear (children), cause to grow up

1b2) to lift up, raise, exalt

1b3) to exalt, extol

1c) (Polal) to be lifted up

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to raise, lift, lift up, take up, set up, erect, exalt, set on high

1d2) to lift up (and take away), remove

1d3) to lift off and present, contribute, offer, contribute

1e) (Hophal) to be taken off, be abolished

1f) (Hithpolel) to exalt oneself, magnify oneself

Aramaic equivalent: rum (רוּם "to rise" H7313)

רָמַם (ra.mam) — be rotten.

(Qal) to be rotten, be wormy

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
until when? will I set counsel in soul my sorrow in heart my by day until when? will he be exalted enemy my over me
אֹיְבִ֣י'o.ye.Vi enemy my H341 Verb qal participle (active) masculine singular common · suffix
283× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means enemy or adversary, referring to someone who hates or opposes another person or nation. It is used to describe personal or national enemies in the Bible.
Tyndale gloss
enemy
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֹיֵב (oyeb) means 'enemy' or 'foe,' indicating hostility. It can refer to personal or national adversaries. The word is derived from the active participle of another root, אָיַב (ayab), which also conveys the sense of being hostile.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[אָיַב] 283 vb. be hostile to (enemy = אֹיֵב)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H341 אָיַב be hostile to (enemy = אֹיֵב)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

341 'oyeb o-yabe'

or (fully) owyeb {o-yabe'}; active participle of 340;

hating; an adversary:--enemy, foe.

see HEBREW for 0340

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֹיֵב (o.yev) — enemy.

1) (Qal) enemy

1a) personal

1b) national

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqrmsc/Sp1bs — Verb qal participle (active) masculine singular common · suffix
HVqrmsc/Sp1bs
until when? will I set counsel in soul my sorrow in heart my by day until when? will he be exalted enemy my over me
עָלָֽי׃'a.Lai over me H5921 Preposition · suffix
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp1bs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate