Psalms 139:23 — Word Study
WLCחָקְרֵ֣נִי אֵ֭ל וְדַ֣ע לְבָבִ֑י בְּ֝חָנֵ֗נִי וְדַ֣ע שַׂרְעַפָּֽי׃
BSASearch mechâqar [examine closely, investigate] O Godʼêl [Elohim, the all-powerful] and knowyâdaʻ [be intimately acquainted with, perceive] my heartlêbâb [the innermost part of my being, including my mind, will, and emotions] test mebâchan [prove, try] and knowyâdaʻ [discern, understand] my concernssarʻaph [anxious thoughts, disquieting reflections]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| חָקְרֵ֣נִי | examine me | Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular, suffix |
| אֵ֭ל | O God | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְדַ֣ע | and know | Conjunction, verb qal imperative second person masculine singular |
| לְבָבִ֑י | heart my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| בְּ֝חָנֵ֗נִי | test me | Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular, suffix |
| וְדַ֣ע | and know | Conjunction, verb qal imperative second person masculine singular |
| שַׂרְעַפָּֽי׃ | disquieting thoughts my | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Search me, O God, and know my heart; test me and know my concerns. |
| KJV | Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my thoughts: |
| ASV | Search me, O God, and know my heart: Try me, and know my thoughts; |
| YLT | Search me, O God, and know my heart, Try me, and know my thoughts, |
| WEB | Search me, God, and know my heart. Try me, and know my thoughts. |
| BBE | O God, let the secrets of my heart be uncovered, and let my wandering thoughts be tested: |
Translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, reflecting a consistent interpretation of the Hebrew text.
The verse consists of two main imperatives, each followed by a specific object, indicating a direct request for divine scrutiny.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 139:23
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Prayer for Divine Examinationgenerated
Psalm 139:23 is a heartfelt plea from the psalmist, asking God to search and know his heart and thoughts. This passage emphasizes the desire for divine insight into one's inner life, reflecting a deep yearning for purity and understanding. It follows a declaration of hatred for those who oppose God, highlighting the psalmist's commitment to righteousness and his need for divine guidance.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 139:1 | O LORD, You have searched me and known me. |
| 2 | Psalm 26:2 | Test me, O LORD, and try me; examine my heart and mind. |
| 3 | Deuteronomy 8:2–16 | Remember that these forty years the LORD your God led you all the way in the wilderness, so that He might humble you and test you in order to know what was in your heart, whether or not you would keep His commandments. |
| 4 | Job 31:6 | let God weigh me with honest scales, that He may know my integrity. |
| 5 | Proverbs 17:3 | A crucible for silver and a furnace for gold, but the LORD is the tester of hearts. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חָקְרֵ֣נִי, cha.ke.Re.nigenerated
The verb חָקַר (chaqar) means to search or examine closely, suggesting a thorough investigation. It is used in contexts that require uncovering truth or understanding, like seeking wisdom or knowledge.
In this verse, it is an imperative form, indicating a strong request for God to actively search the psalmist's heart. The urgency implies a desire for God’s scrutiny to reveal any hidden faults or anxieties.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as Search me, O God, which aligns closely with the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse comprises two main clauses, both of which are imperatives: חָקְרֵ֣נִי and וְדַ֣ע, meaning Search me and know. Each clause is followed by an object, indicating what is to be searched and known.
The structure emphasizes the psalmist's request for God to engage with his inner self, with both verbs commanding God’s action.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates חָקְרֵ֣נִי as με (me), showing a direct appeal to God for examination. This choice highlights the personal nature of the request.
The use of γνῶθι for וְדַ֣ע indicates a desire for deeper knowledge, aligning with the Hebrew meaning of knowing intimately.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 139:23 is a prayer where the psalmist asks God to search and understand his heart and thoughts. He desires God to test him and reveal any anxious or troubling thoughts. This reflects a deep yearning for divine insight and purity.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means to invite God to examine your innermost thoughts and feelings, seeking His understanding and guidance.
Testing reveals the truth about our character and thoughts, helping us identify areas that need change or healing.
You can pray for God to reveal your true self, asking Him to help you understand your thoughts and emotions.
Disquieting thoughts are those that cause anxiety or unrest, often leading to mental turmoil.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What aspects of my heart do I need God to examine more closely?
- How can I be more open to God's testing and guidance in my life?
- What do I do when I discover disquieting thoughts within me?
- How can I cultivate a heart that is aligned with God's will?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The Desert Fathers often reflected on this psalm, emphasizing the importance of self-examination before prayer, as shown in their sayings.
They used to say about Poemen that when he was ready to go out to the meeting for prayer, he first sat by himself for an hour in self-examination, and then went.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 139 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 139:23 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleSearch me, O God, and know my heart,.... He had searched him, and knew his heart thoroughly; try me, and know my thoughts; he had tried him, and knew every thought in him, Psalms 139:1.
Read John Gill on Psalms 139 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentarySearch me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my thoughts: Search me, O God, and know my heart; try me, and know my thoughts: And see if (there be any) wicked way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 139 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAnd whether I do not speak this from my very heart, do thou judge, who art the Searcher of hearts, and deal with me accordingly.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 139 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 139:23 Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my thoughts:Ver. 23. Search me, O God, and know my heart] Look into every corner and cranny, and see whether it be not so as I say, viz. that I hate wicked men merely for their wickedness; and for no self-respect have I thus cast down the gauntlet of defiance unto them, and bidden them battle. We should not rest (saith a reverend man) in our heart’ s voice; nor accept its deceitful applause. But as once Joshua seeing the angel examined him, Art thou on our side, or on the adversaries’ ? so should we deal in this case; yea, beg of God to do it for us, and do it thoroughly, as here: this is a sure sign of sincerity, void of…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 139 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(23) Search.—The same word with which the psalm opens. The inevitable scrutiny of the Divine Being is invited. Thoughts.—As in Psalms 94:19; a word meaning (Ezekiel 31:5) branches, and so expressing the ramifications of thought.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 139 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 23. Search me, O God] Investigate my conduct, examine my heart, put me to the test, and examine my thoughts.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 139 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges19–24. But how can this omniscient God tolerate the existence of wicked men, who blaspheme and hate Him? With such the Psalmist will have no fellowship; and he concludes with a prayer that God will purify his heart, and lead him in the right way.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 139 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleSearch me, O God - The word “search” here is the same as in Psalms 139:1. See the notes at that verse.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 139 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Search me, O God, and know my heart; test me and know my concerns.
Search me, God, and know my heart. Try me, and know my thoughts.
Search me, O God, and know my heart; test me and know my concerns.
Examine me, and probe my thoughts! Test me, and know my concerns!
Tyndale line
Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my thoughts:
Search me, O God, and know my heart: Try me, and know my thoughts;
Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me and know my thoughts:
Search me, O God, and know my heart; try me, and know my thoughts:
Try mee, O God, and knowe mine heart: prooue me and know my thoughtes,
Strictly literal
Search me, O God, and know my heart; prove me, and know my thoughts;
Search me, O God, and know my heart, Try me, and know my thoughts,
Search me, O God, and know my heart, || Try me, and know my thoughts,
Search me through, O God, and know my heart; probe me, and know my thoughts:
Examine me, God, and know my heart; test me and know my thoughts.
Simplified
Examine me carefully, God, so you can be sure of my true feelings. Check me out so you can know what I really think.
O God, let the secrets of my heart be uncovered, and let my wandering thoughts be tested:
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint closely align in this verse, with all words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls also confirm the text, showing consistency across these ancient witnesses.
חָקְרֵ֣נִי אֵ֭ל וְדַ֣ע לְבָבִ֑י בְּ֝חָנֵ֗נִי וְדַ֣ע שַׂרְעַפָּֽי׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
חקר׳ני אל ודע לב׳י בחנ׳ני ודע סרעפ׳י
7 words on the leather.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 139:23
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
חָקַר (chaqar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to search or examine. It encompasses actions like searching for, exploring, and thoroughly investigating. The word can also imply being found out or ascertained. It appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Piel, indicating different nuances of searching and examination.
[חָקַר] vb. search
Qal
search (for)
search through, explore
search a man, find out his sentiments
of י׳ searching man
of examining thoroughly
Niph. be searched out, found out, ascertained
Pi. he sought out many proverbs
base
H2713 [חָקַר] search .. search (for)
. . search through, explore
. search a man, find out his sentiments
. of י׳ searching man
. of examining thoroughly
. be searched out, found out, ascertained
. he sought out many proverbs
2713 chaqar khaw-kar'
a primitive root; properly, to penetrate; hence, to examine
intimately:--find out, (make) search (out), seek (out), sound,
try.
חָקַר (cha.qar) — to search.
1) to search, search for, search out, examine, investigate
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to search (for)
1a2) to search through, explore
1a3) to examine thoroughly
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be searched out, be found out, be ascertained, be examined
1c) (Piel) to search out, seek out
V-Qal-Impv-2ms | Suff — Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular · suffixHVqv2ms/Sp1bs
The Hebrew word אֵל (*'el*) primarily means 'god' and conveys the idea of might or strength. It can refer to the one true God of Israel, as well as to other deities, angels, and mighty men. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including nature and power, but do not present significant disagreement among lexicons.
אֵל n.m. god, but with various subordinate applications to express the idea of might
applied to men of might and rank
angels
gods of the nations
Ēl
as characterizing mighty things in nature
God, the one only and true God of Israel
אֵל strength, power
base
H410 אֵל god, but with various subordinate applications to express the idea of might . applied to men of might and rank
. angels
. gods of the nations
. Ēl
. as characterizing mighty things in nature
. God, the one only and true God of Israel
. אֵל strength, power
410 'el ale
shortened from 352; strength; as adjective, mighty;
especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity):--God
(god), X goodly, X great, idol, might(-y one), power, strong.
Compare names in "-el."
see HEBREW for 0352
אֵל (el) — God.
This name means god, god-like one, mighty one, strength, power
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
אֵל (el) — El (Berith).
This name means god, god-like one, mighty one, strength, power
Combined with "Berith" (berith בְּרִית H1286)
אֵל (el) — El (Elohe).
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
This name means god, god-like one, mighty one, strength, power
Combined with "God" (elohim אֱלֹהִים H0430)
אֵל (el) — El (Most High).
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
This name means god, god-like one, mighty one, strength, power
Combined with "Most High" (el.yon עֶלְיוֹן H5945B)
אֵל (el) — god.
: god
1) god, god-like one, mighty one
1a) mighty men, men of rank, mighty heroes
1b) angels
1c) god, false god, (demons, imaginations)
1d) God, the one true God, Jehovah
2) mighty things in nature
3) strength, power
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
god ('Elohim, 'El, [`Elyon], Shadday, Yahweh; Theos):
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE GENERAL IDEA
1. The Idea in Experience and in Thought
2. Definition of the Idea
3. The Knowledge of God
4. Ethnic Ideas of God
(1) Animism
(2) Fetishism
(3) Idolatry
(4) Polytheism
(5) Henotheism
(6) Pantheism
(7) Deism
(8) Semitic Monolatry
(9) Monotheism
II. THE IDEA OF GOD IN THE OLD TESTAMENT
1. The Course of Its Development
2. Forms of Its Manifestation
(1) The Face or Countenance of God
(2) The Voice and Word of God
(3) The Glory of God
(4) The Angel of God
(5) The Spirit of God
(6) The Name of God
(7) Occasional Forms
3. The Names of God
(1) Generic
(2) Attributive
(3) Yahweh
4. Pre-prophetic Conceptions of God
(1) Yahweh Alone Is the God of Israel
(a) His Early Worship
(b) Popular Religion
(c) Polytheistic Tendencies
(i) Coordination
(ii) Assimilation
(iii) Disintegration
(d) No Hebrew Goddesses
(e) Human Sacrifices
God
(A.S. and Dutch God; Dan. Gud; Ger. Gott), the name of the Divine Being. It is the rendering (1) of the Hebrew ’El, from a word meaning to be strong; (2) of ’Eloah_, plural _’Elohim. The singular form, Eloah, is used only in poetry. The plural form is more commonly used in all parts of the Bible, The Hebrew word Jehovah (q.v.), the only other word generally employed to denote the Supreme Being, is uniformly rendered in the Authorized Version by “LORD,” printed in small capitals. The existence of God is taken for granted in the Bible. There is nowhere any argument to prove it. He who disbelieves this truth is spoken of as one devoid of understanding (Ps. 14:1).
The arguments generally adduced by theologians in proof of the being of God are:
(1.) The a priori argument, which is the testimony afforded by reason.
(good). Throughout the Hebrew Scriptures two chief names are used for the one true divine Being--ELOHIM, commonly translated God in our version, and JEHOVAH, translated Lord . Elohim is the plural of Eloah (in Arabic Allah); it is often used in the short form EL (a word signifying strength , as in EL-SHADDAI, God Almighty, the name by which God was specially known to the patriarchs. (Genesis 17:1; 28:3; Exodus 6:3) The etymology is uncertain, but it is generally agreed that the primary idea is that of strength, power of effect , and that it properly describes God in that character in which he is exhibited to all men in his works, as the creator, sustainer and supreme governor of the world. The plural form of Elohim has given rise to much discussion. The fanciful idea that it…
This name, the derivation of which is uncertain, we give to that eternal, infinite, perfect, and incomprehensible Being, the Creator of all things, who preserves and governs all by his almighty power and wisdom, and is the only proper object of worship. The proper Hebrew name for God is JEHOVAH, which signifies He is. But the Jews, from a feeling of reverence, avoid pronouncing this name, substituting for it, wherever it occurs in the sacred test, the word ADONAI, Lord; except in the expression, ADONAI JEHOVAH, Lord Jehovah, for which they put, ADONAI ELOHIM, Lord God. This usage, which is not without an element of superstition, is very ancient, dating its origin some centuries before Christ; but there is no good ground for assuming its existence in the days of the inspired Old Testament writers. The proper word for God is ELOHIM, which is plural in its form, being thus used to signify…
יָדַע (yada`) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to know,' encompassing a wide range of senses including perception, recognition, and experience. It can refer to knowing someone intimately or being skilled in a task. The word has various forms, indicating actions such as making known or being made known. Lexicons note its use in both literal and figurative contexts, but there is no significant disagreement among them.
יָדַע 943 vb. know
Qal
know, learn to know
perceive
perceive and see; find out and discern
discriminate, distinguish
know by experience
recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess
consider
not know = not expect
know a person, be acquainted with
know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse
know how, to do a thing, be able to do it
be skilful in
abs. have knowledge, be wise
Niph.
be made known, be or become known, of things
make oneself known of pers.
be perceived
be instructed
Pi. cause to know
Pu. known
Hiph. make known, declare
Hoph. made known
Hithp. make oneself known
base
H3045 יָדַע know .. . know, learn to know
. perceive
. perceive and see; find out and discern
. discriminate, distinguish
. know by experience
. recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess
. consider
. not know = not expect
. know a person, be acquainted with
. know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse
. . know how, to do a thing, be able to do it
. be skilful in
. abs. have knowledge, be wise
. . be made known, be or become known, of things
. make oneself known of pers.
. be perceived
. be instructed
. cause to know
. known
. make known, declare
. made known
. make oneself known
3045 yada` yaw-dah'
a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing);
used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally,
euphemistically and inferentially (including observation,
care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation,
punishment, etc.) (as follow):--acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted
with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware,
(un-)awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, X
could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to)
discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel,
can have, be (ig-)norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause
to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have
(knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, + be
learned, + lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, X
prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man
of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell,
יָדַע (ya.da) — to know.
1) to know
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to know
1a1a) to know, learn to know
1a1b) to perceive
1a1c) to perceive and see, find out and discern
1a1d) to discriminate, distinguish
1a1e) to know by experience
1a1f) to recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess
1a1g) to consider
1a2) to know, be acquainted with
1a3) to know (a person carnally)
1a4) to know how, be skilful in
1a5) to have knowledge, be wise
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be made known, be or become known, be revealed
1b2) to make oneself known
1b3) to be perceived
1b4) to be instructed
1c) (Piel) to cause to know
1d) (Poal) to cause to know
1e) (Pual)
1e1) to be known
1e2) known, one known, acquaintance (participle)
1f) (Hiphil) to make known, declare
1g) (Hophal) to be made known
1h) (Hithpael) to make oneself known, reveal oneself
Aramaic equivalent: ye.da (יְדַע "to know" H3046)
Conj | V-Qal-Impv-2ms — Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine singularHC/Vqv2ms
לֵבָב (lebab) refers to the inner man, encompassing the mind, will, and heart. It highlights aspects like emotions, moral character, and conscience, often contrasting the inner self with the outer. The term is used primarily for humans and can also denote courage and appetites.
לֵבָב 251 n.m. inner man, mind, will, heart
seldom of things in the midst of the seas
usu. of men
the inner man in contrast with the outer
the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
specific ref. to mind
spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will
spec. ref. to conscience
spec. ref. to moral character
= the man himself
spec. as seat of appetites
spec. of seat of the emotions and passions
seat of courage
base
H3824 לֵבָב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the seas
. usu. of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer
. the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
. specific ref. to mind
. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will
. spec. ref. to conscience
. spec. ref. to moral character
. = the man himself
. spec. as seat of appetites
. spec. of seat of the emotions and passions
. seat of courage
3824 lebab lay-bawb'
from 3823; the heart (as the most interior organ); used also
like 3820:--+ bethink themselves, breast, comfortably,
courage, ((faint), (tender-)heart((-ed)), midst, mind, X
unawares, understanding.
see HEBREW for 03823
see HEBREW for 03820
לֵבָב (le.vav) — heart.
1) inner man, mind, will, heart, soul, understanding
1a) inner part, midst
1a1) midst (of things)
1a2) heart (of man)
1a3) soul, heart (of man)
1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
1a6) conscience
1a7) heart (of moral character)
1a8) as seat of appetites
1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
Aramaic equivalent: le.vav (לְבַב "heart" H3825)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs
בָּחַן (bachan) is a Hebrew verb meaning to examine or test. It encompasses a range of actions, including scrutinizing, proving, and trying, particularly in relation to metals, individuals, or the heart. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to examine) and Niphal (to be tried).
[בָּחַן] vb. examine, try
Qal
examine, scrutinize, try
prove, test, try
Niph. to be tried, proved
Pu. the trial has been made
base
H974 [בָּחַן] examine, try
974 bachan baw-khan'
a primitive root; to test (especially metals); generally and
figuratively, to investigate:--examine, prove, tempt, try
(trial).
בָּחַן (ba.chan) — to test.
1) to examine, try, prove
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to examine, scrutinise
1a2) to test, prove, try (of gold, persons, the heart, man of God)
1b) (Niphal) to be tried, proved
1c) (Pual) to make a trial
V-Qal-Impv-2ms | Suff — Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular · suffixHVqv2ms/Sp1bs
יָדַע (yada`) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to know,' encompassing a wide range of senses including perception, recognition, and experience. It can refer to knowing someone intimately or being skilled in a task. The word has various forms, indicating actions such as making known or being made known. Lexicons note its use in both literal and figurative contexts, but there is no significant disagreement among them.
יָדַע 943 vb. know
Qal
know, learn to know
perceive
perceive and see; find out and discern
discriminate, distinguish
know by experience
recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess
consider
not know = not expect
know a person, be acquainted with
know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse
know how, to do a thing, be able to do it
be skilful in
abs. have knowledge, be wise
Niph.
be made known, be or become known, of things
make oneself known of pers.
be perceived
be instructed
Pi. cause to know
Pu. known
Hiph. make known, declare
Hoph. made known
Hithp. make oneself known
base
H3045 יָדַע know .. . know, learn to know
. perceive
. perceive and see; find out and discern
. discriminate, distinguish
. know by experience
. recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess
. consider
. not know = not expect
. know a person, be acquainted with
. know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse
. . know how, to do a thing, be able to do it
. be skilful in
. abs. have knowledge, be wise
. . be made known, be or become known, of things
. make oneself known of pers.
. be perceived
. be instructed
. cause to know
. known
. make known, declare
. made known
. make oneself known
3045 yada` yaw-dah'
a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing);
used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally,
euphemistically and inferentially (including observation,
care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation,
punishment, etc.) (as follow):--acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted
with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware,
(un-)awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, X
could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to)
discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel,
can have, be (ig-)norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause
to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have
(knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, + be
learned, + lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, X
prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man
of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell,
יָדַע (ya.da) — to know.
1) to know
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to know
1a1a) to know, learn to know
1a1b) to perceive
1a1c) to perceive and see, find out and discern
1a1d) to discriminate, distinguish
1a1e) to know by experience
1a1f) to recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess
1a1g) to consider
1a2) to know, be acquainted with
1a3) to know (a person carnally)
1a4) to know how, be skilful in
1a5) to have knowledge, be wise
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be made known, be or become known, be revealed
1b2) to make oneself known
1b3) to be perceived
1b4) to be instructed
1c) (Piel) to cause to know
1d) (Poal) to cause to know
1e) (Pual)
1e1) to be known
1e2) known, one known, acquaintance (participle)
1f) (Hiphil) to make known, declare
1g) (Hophal) to be made known
1h) (Hithpael) to make oneself known, reveal oneself
Aramaic equivalent: ye.da (יְדַע "to know" H3046)
Conj | V-Qal-Impv-2ms — Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine singularHC/Vqv2ms
שַׂרְעַפִּים (sar'aphim) refers to disquieting or anxious thoughts. It is a plural noun that captures the idea of troubling mental states. The entries highlight its connection to the concept of thought, but do not provide specific verse references.
[שַׂרְעַפִּים] n.[m.]pl. disquieting thoughts
base
H8312 שַׂרְעַפִּים, שַׂרְעַף
8312 sar`aph sar-af'
for 5587; cogitation:--thought.
see HEBREW for 05587
שַׂרְעַפִּים (sar.aph) — anxiety.
disquieting thoughts, thoughts
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp1bs
