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Psalms 26:6 — Word Study

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WLCאֶרְחַ֣ץ בְּנִקָּי֣וֹן כַּפָּ֑י וַאֲסֹבְבָ֖ה אֶת־ מִזְבַּחֲךָ֣ יְהוָֽה׃

BSAI washrâchats [cleanse, purify] my handskaph in innocenceniqqâyôwn [moral purity, blamelessness] that I may go aboutçâbab [surround, circle] Your altarmizbêach [place of sacrifice, worship] O LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, the Eternal One]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 26
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 6 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Yah.weh) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 26:6quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist expresses his desire for purity before approaching the altar of the LORD.
Who is speakingDavid, affirming his moral integrity.
Where we areA personal declaration of cleanliness before worship.
The hard wordבְּנִקָּי֣וֹן
Take awayPurity is essential for approaching God in worship.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbרָחַץ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 26:6

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — David's Declaration of Integritygenerated

5I hate the mob of evildoers, and refuse to sit with the wicked.
6I wash my hands in innocence that I may go about Your altar, O LORD,
7to raise my voice in thanksgiving and declare all Your wonderful works.
8O LORD, I love the house where You dwell, the place where Your glory resides.

Psalms 26:6 shows David affirming his innocence and readiness to approach the altar of the LORD. This verse is part of a larger context where David contrasts himself with evildoers and expresses his love for God's house, as seen in the surrounding verses. His declaration emphasizes the importance of moral purity in worship, echoing themes found throughout the Psalms.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 24:4He who has clean hands and a pure heart, who does not lift up his soul to an idol or swear deceitfully.
2Psalm 73:13Surely in vain I have kept my heart pure; in innocence I have washed my hands.
3Exodus 30:19–20with which Aaron and his sons are to wash their hands and feet.
4Isaiah 1:16–18Wash and cleanse yourselves. Remove your evil deeds from My sight. Stop doing evil!
5Titus 3:5He saved us, not by the righteous deeds we had done, but according to His mercy, through the washing of new birth and renewal by the Holy Spirit.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word בְּנִקָּי֣וֹן, be.ni.ka.Yongenerated

The word נִקָּיוֹן (niqqayown) refers to a state of moral purity or innocence. It emphasizes a clear conscience, free from guilt, which is essential for approaching God. This noun is derived from a root suggesting clarity and purity, highlighting the importance of being clean both physically and spiritually when engaging in worship.

In this verse, it underscores David's intention to present himself before God without any moral blemish. The parsing as a noun in the absolute form indicates a state of being rather than an action, focusing on the quality of innocence that David claims.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The translations agree on the phrase in innocence for בְּנִקָּי֣וֹן, reflecting a consistent understanding of David's moral state.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb אֶרְחַ֣ץ ('er.Chatz), I wash, governs the entire verse, leading with the action of washing followed by the state of innocence and the purpose of approaching the altar. This structure places emphasis on David's actions and intentions.

The sentence is built around a central action, with additional clauses providing context. The infinitive phrase וַאֲסֹבְבָ֖ה (va.'a.soe.Vah), and I go around, indicates the purpose of the washing, linking it directly to the act of worship.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates אֶרְחַ֣ץ as νίψομαι (nipsōmai), meaning 'to wash' or 'to cleanse.' This choice maintains the focus on the act of purification, aligning closely with the Hebrew intent.

The Greek word ἀθῴοις (athōiois) for בְּנִקָּי֣וֹן emphasizes the idea of being innocent or blameless, which reflects the moral purity that David claims as he prepares for worship.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalms 26:6 shows David washing his hands to signify his innocence before approaching the altar of the LORD. This act of cleansing represents his moral purity and readiness to worship God, emphasizing the importance of being blameless when coming before Him.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does David mean by washing his hands in innocence?

David is expressing his moral purity and readiness to approach God in worship, indicating that he is free from guilt and wrongdoing.

Why is innocence important in worship?

Innocence signifies a clear conscience and moral integrity, which are essential for a genuine relationship with God and acceptable worship.

How does this verse relate to other parts of the Psalms?

This verse reflects recurring themes in the Psalms about the need for purity and integrity in worship, similar to other passages where David expresses his desire for a clean heart.

What can we learn from David's declaration?

We learn that approaching God requires self-examination and a commitment to moral purity, which is foundational for sincere worship.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What steps can I take to ensure I approach God with a pure heart?
  2. How can I reflect on my own actions and seek moral integrity in my life?
  3. In what ways does the concept of innocence influence my understanding of worship?
  4. How can I encourage others to strive for purity in their relationship with God?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early church fathers reference this verse to discuss themes of purity and worship. Their quotations illustrate the significance of moral integrity in approaching God.

Cyril of JerusalemMYSTAGOGICAL LECTURES 5:2 c. 313–386
You have seen the deacon who gives to the priest water to wash, and to the presbyters who stand around God’s altar. He gave it not at all because of bodily defilement;
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 26 →
Evagrius PonticusNOTES ON THE Psalms 25[26].6 345–399
Our mind is the rational altar on which we burn all irrational thoughts with the fire sent from the Father.… When the soul reflects on itself, it encompasses the altar of God,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 26 →
Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 26 354–430
"I will wash mine hands amid the innocent" [Psalms 26:6]. I will make clean my works among the innocent: among the innocent will I wash mine hands,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 26 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 26:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

I will wash my hands in innocency,.... The Vulgate Latin version renders it, "among innocent persons"; men of a holy harmless life and conversation; with these he determined to converse in common,

Read John Gill on Psalms 26 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

I will wash mine hands in innocency: so will I compass thine altar, O LORD: Wash ... hands - in allusion to Deuteronomy 21:6, where is described the custom of washing the hands over a slain heifer,

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 26 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

In innocency, or, with integrity, or with a pure heart and conscience. I will not do as my hypocritical enemies do, who content themselves with those outward washings of their hands or bodies prescribed in the law, &c.; , whilst their hearts and lives are filthy and abominable; but I will wash, or I have washed, my hands, and withal purged my heart and conscience from dead works. Compare 16 . Compass thine altar, i.e. approach to thine altar with my sacrifices; which I could not do with any comfort or confidence, if I were conscious to myself of those crimes whereof mine enemies accuse me. By the phrase Of compassing the altar, either, 1. He alludes to some Levitical custom of going about…

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 26 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 26:6 I will wash mine hands in innocency: so will I compass thine altar, O LORD:Ver. 6. I will wash mine hands in innocency] As Exodus 40:32 1 Timothy 2:8; see Deuteronomy 21:6 Isaiah 1:15 James 5:8. If in our addresses to God we cannot wash our hands in innocency, yet we must wash them in tears: Quem poenitet peccasse, pens est innocens, saith Seneca, Penitence is well nigh as good as innocence; but one way or other be sure to come clean when you come to God’ s altar, when you draw nigh to him in holy duties. We wash our hands every day, and often, but when we are to sit with some great person we scour them with balls. Sic Egyptii sacerdotes apud Herod. in Euterpe, terrio quoque die…

Read John Trapp on Psalms 26 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(6) I will wash.—First a symbolical action (Deuteronomy 21:6 seq.; Matthew 27:24), then a figure of speech (Job 9:30; Ezekiel 36:25). The Levitical authorship or, at all events, the Levitical character of the psalm appears from comparison of this with Exodus 30:17 seq.So will I.—Better, that I may, &c. There is no other reference in Jewish literature to the custom of pacing round the altar, but it was a very natural and obvious addition to a gorgeous ceremonial—like the processions in churches where a high ceremonial is adopted. It is, however, implied from the Talmud that it was part of the ceremonial of the Feast of Tabernacles for people to march round the altar with palms.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 26 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 6. I will wash mine hands in innocency] Washing the hands was frequent among the Jews, and was sometimes an action by which a man declared his innocence of any base or wicked transaction. This Pilate did, to protest his innocence of the mal-treatment and death of Christ. I will maintain that innocence of life in which I have hitherto walked; and take care that nothing shall be found in my heart or life that would prevent me from using the most holy ordinance, or worshipping thee in spirit and truth. So will I compass thine altar] It is a mark of respect among the Hindoos to walk several times round a superior, and round a temple.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 26 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

6. I will wash mine hands in innocency] “As the priests, before they came near to the altar to minister (Exodus 30:17-21). What the priest did in symbolical rite, that the priestly people were to do in spiritual reality.” Kay. Cp. Psalms 73:13 : and for the ceremony as symbolising innocence see Deuteronomy 21:6; Matthew 27:34. compass thine altar] Take my place in the ring of worshippers around it. A reference to solemn processions round the altar is questionable.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 26 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

I will wash mine hands in innocency - The psalmist here refers, as another evidence of his piety, to the fact that it was a ruling purpose of his life to be pure, to worship and serve his Maker in purity.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 26 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

I wash my hands in innocence that I may go about Your altar, O LORD,

WEBWorld English Bible2000

I will wash my hands in innocence, so I will go about your altar, Yahweh,

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

I wash my hands in innocence that I may go about Your altar, O LORD,

NETBNew English Translation2006

I maintain a pure lifestyle, so I can appear before your altar, O Lord,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

I will wash mine hands in innocency: so will I compass thine altar, O LORD:

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

I will wash my hands in innocency: So will I compass thine altar, O Jehovah;

RVARevised Version, American1894

I will wash mine hands in innocency; so will I compass thine altar, O LORD:

NWBWebster's Bible1833

I will wash my hands in innocence: so will I compass thy altar, O LORD:

GNVGeneva Bible1599

I will wash mine handes in innocencie, O Lord, and compasse thine altar,

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

I will wash my hands in innocency, and will encompass thine altar, O Jehovah,

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

I wash in innocency my hands, And I compass Thine altar, O Jehovah.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

I wash my hands in innocence, || And I go around Your altar, O YHWH.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

I will wash in innocency my hands, and I will compass thy altar, O Lord:

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

I wash my hands in innocence, and I go around your altar, Yahweh,

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

He hath exalted me upon a rock: and now he hath lifted up my head above my enemies. I have gone round, and have offered up in his tabernacle a sacrifice of jubilation: I will sing, and recite a psalm to the Lord.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

I wash my hands to show my innocence. I come to worship at your altar, Lord,

BBEBible in Basic English1949

I will make my hands clean from sin; so will I go round your altar, O Lord;

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclauseclauseverbאֶרְחַ֣ץI.washprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּinנִקָּי֣וֹןinnocencenoun phrase · objectכַּפָּ֑palmsיmyוַandclauseverbאֲסֹבְבָ֖הI.go.aroundnoun phrase · objectאֶת(et)noun phraseמִזְבַּחֲaltarךָ֣yourclauseיְהוָֽהO.Yahweh

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree, with six out of seven words matching directly. The Septuagint's different word order and articles reflect its own grammatical structure but do not alter the fundamental meaning of the verse.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

אֶרְחַ֣ץ בְּנִקָּי֣וֹן כַּפָּ֑י וַאֲסֹבְבָ֖ה אֶת־ מִזְבַּחֲךָ֣ יְהוָֽה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
אֶרְחַ֣ץνίψομαιבְּנִקָּי֣וֹןἀθῴοιςכַּפָּ֑יμουוַאֲסֹבְבָ֖הκυκλώσωמִזְבַּחֲךָ֣σουיְהוָֽה׃κύριε

6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 26:6רָחַץI washI washרָחַץנִקָּיוֹןin innocencin innocenceנִקָּיוֹןכַּףhands myhands myכַּףסָבַבand I go arand I go aroundסָבַבאֵתthe object the object markאֵתמִזְבֵּחַaltar youraltar yourמִזְבֵּחַיהוהO YahwehO Yahwehיהוהנָקָהto clearto clearנָקָהכָּפַףto bendto bendכָּפַףאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתזָבַחto sacrifito sacrificeזָבַחהָיָהto beto beהָיָהכָּבַסto washto washכָּבַסבֶּ֫גֶדtreacherytreacheryבֶּ֫גֶדרָחַץto wash: wto wash: washרָחַץכַּףpalmpalmכַּףפָּרַשׂto spreadto spreadפָּרַשׂרֶ֫גֶלfootfootרֶ֫גֶלדָּלdoordoorדָּלמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁקָטַרto offer: to offer: burnקָטַרעֹלָהburnt offeburnt offeringעֹלָהנְאֻםutteranceutteranceנְאֻםצָבָאarmyarmyצָבָא
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 26:6

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

I wash in innocence hands my and I go around the object marker altar your O Yahweh
אֶרְחַ֣ץ'er.Chatz I wash H7364 Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singular
72× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for washing or bathing, used in Exodus 30:19 where priests had to wash their hands and feet before entering the temple. It means to clean or purify oneself, as seen in 2 Kings 5:10 where Elisha tells Naaman to wash in the Jordan River.
Amplified meaning
cleanse, purify
Tyndale gloss
to wash: wash
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָחַץ (rachats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to wash or bathe. It covers various forms of washing, including washing oneself and being washed. The entries indicate its use in different grammatical forms, such as Qal, Pual, and Hithpael, which reflect actions of washing and being washed. The lexicons do not present any significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָחַץ 72 vb. wash, wash off, away, bathe

Qal 69

trans. wash (with water)

intrans. wash, bathe (oneself)

Pu. be washed

Hithp. if I washed myself in snow

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7364 רָחַץ wash, wash off, away, bathe

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7364 rachats raw-khats'

a primitive root; to lave (the whole or a part of a

thing):--bathe (self), wash (self).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָחַץ (ra.chats) — to wash: wash.

: wash

1) to wash, wash off, wash away, bathe

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to wash, wash off, wash away

1a2) to wash, bathe (oneself)

1b) (Pual) to be washed

1c) (Hithpael) to wash oneself

2a) (Hithpael Passive) to be regarded clean, trustworthy

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-1cs — Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singular
HVqi1cs
I wash in innocence hands my and I go around the object marker altar your O Yahweh
בְּנִקָּי֣וֹןbe.ni.ka.Yon in innocence H5356 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to the state of being clear or innocent, either physically or morally. It is used in the Old Testament to describe a person's cleanness or innocence, such as in the book of Psalms where David asks God to create a clean heart within him.
Amplified meaning
moral purity, blamelessness
Tyndale gloss
innocence
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נִקָּיוֹן (niqqayown) primarily means 'innocency' or 'freedom from guilt and punishment.' It can also refer to a physical sense of 'cleanness of teeth.' Another meaning associated with this word is 'bluntness,' as noted in the context of Amos 4:6. The word is derived from a root that suggests clarity or purity.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נִקָּיוֹן n.[m.] innocency

freedom from guilt, innocency

freedom from punishment

in physical sense, cleanness of teeth

base

[קֵהָיוֹן] n.[m.] bluntness;—rd. perh. cstr. Am 4:6

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5356a נִקָּיוֹן innocency H5356b קֵהָיוֹן bluntness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5356 niqqayown nik-kaw-yone'

or niqqayon {nik-kaw-yone'}; from 5352; clearness (literally

or figuratively):--cleanness, innocency.

see HEBREW for 05352

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נִקָּיוֹן (niq.qa.von) — innocence.

1) innocency

1a) freedom from guilt, innocency

1b) freedom from punishment

1c) cleanness of teeth (physical sense)

קֵהָיוֹן (qe.ha.yon) — bluntness.

bluntness)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
I wash in innocence hands my and I go around the object marker altar your O Yahweh
כַּפָּ֑יka.Pai hands my H3709 Noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
193× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word refers to the palm of the hand, like in Exodus 29 where it describes the priest's hands being filled with offerings. It can also symbolize power or strength, like in Psalm 16. It's about the hand or its shape.
Tyndale gloss
palm
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כַּף (kaph) refers to the hollow or flat part of the hand, including the palm and the sole of the foot. It can also denote power and is used to describe various hollow objects, such as bowls or handles. The word encompasses a range of meanings related to the shape and function of hands and feet, as well as items that are hand-shaped.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כַּף 192 n.f. hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, hand

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3709 כַּף hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, hand

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3709 kaph kaf

from 3721; the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an

animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling,

the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-tree);

figuratively, power:--branch, + foot, hand((-ful), -dle,

(-led)), hollow, middle, palm, paw, power, sole, spoon.

see HEBREW for 03721

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כַּף (kaph) — palm.

: palm/hand

1) palm, hand, sole, palm of the hand, hollow or flat of the hand

1a) palm, hollow or flat of the hand

1b) power

1c) sole (of the foot)

1d) hollow, objects, bending objects, bent objects

1d1) of thigh-joint

1d2) pan, vessel (as hollow)

1d3) hollow (of sling)

1d4) hand-shaped branches or fronds (of palm trees)

1d5) handles (as bent)

כַּף (kaph) — palm: sole.

: sole/paw

1) palm, hand, sole, palm of the hand, hollow or flat of the hand

1a) palm, hollow or flat of the hand

1b) power

1c) sole (of the foot)

1d) hollow, objects, bending objects, bent objects

1d1) of thigh-joint

1d2) pan, vessel (as hollow)

1d3) hollow (of sling)

1d4) hand-shaped branches or fronds (of palm trees)

1d5) handles (as bent)

כַּף (kaph) — palm: dish.

: dish/socket

1) palm, hand, sole, palm of the hand, hollow or flat of the hand

1a) palm, hollow or flat of the hand

1b) power

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fd | Suff — Noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
HNcfdc/Sp1bs
I wash in innocence hands my and I go around the object marker altar your O Yahweh
וַאֲסֹבְבָ֖הva.'a.soe.Vah and I go around H5437 Conjunction · verb piel infinitive construct first person common singular
161× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To turn or surround is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which can be used literally or figuratively. It appears in the Bible to describe changing direction or surrounding something.
Amplified meaning
surround, circle
Tyndale gloss
to turn: turn
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word סָבַב (savav) means to turn or go around, encompassing a range of actions such as surrounding, marching, and changing direction. It is built from a primitive root and has various applications, both literal and figurative, including transforming or enclosing. The entries detail its uses in different verbal forms, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סָבַב vb. turn about, go around, surround

Qal

turn, intrans.

march, or walk, around

go partly round, circle, skirt

make a round, or circuit, go about to

surround, encompass

Niph.

turn oneself against, close round upon

turn round (from a direct course)

esp. of boundary: turn round from, toward

pass. be turned over to, into the power of

Pi. to change, transform, the aspect of the matter

Po‛.

encompass (with protection)

come about, assemble round

march or go about

enclose, envelop

Hiph.

turn (trans.), cause to turn

bring over (i.e. to allegiance)

turn into, of changing name

= bring round, of changing name

cause to go around

surround with (acc.) wall

perh. also encompass (as foe)

Hoph.

be turned, of cart wheel

surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5437 סָבַב turn about, go around, surround .. turn, intrans.

. . march, or walk, around

. go partly round, circle, skirt

. make a round, or circuit, go about to

. surround, encompass

. . . turn oneself against, close round upon

. turn round (from a direct course)

. esp. of boundary: turn round from, toward

. pass. be turned over to, into the power of

. to change, transform, the aspect of the matter

. . encompass (with protection)

. come about, assemble round

. march or go about

. enclose, envelop

. . . turn (trans.), cause to turn

. bring over (i.e. to allegiance)

. turn into, of changing name

. = bring round, of changing name

. . cause to go around

. surround with (acc.) wall

. perh. also encompass (as foe)

. . be turned, of cart wheel

. surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5437 cabab saw-bab'

a primitive root; to revolve, surround, or border; used in

various applications, literally and figuratively (as

follows):--bring, cast, fetch, lead, make, walk, X whirl, X

round about, be about on every side, apply, avoid, beset

(about), besiege, bring again, carry (about), change, cause to

come about, X circuit, (fetch a) compass (about, round),

drive, environ, X on every side, beset (close, come, compass,

go, stand) round about, inclose, remove, return, set, sit

down, turn (self) (about, aside, away, back).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סָבַב (sa.vav) — to turn: turn.

: turn/bring_around

1) to turn, turn about or around or aside or back or towards, go about or around, surround, encircle, change direction

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to turn, turn about, be brought round, change

1a2) to march or walk around, go partly around, circle about, skirt, make a round, make a circuit, go about to, surround, encompass

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to turn oneself, close round, turn round

1b2) to be turned over to

1c) (Piel) to turn about, change, transform

1d) (Poel)

1d1) to encompass, surround

1d2) to come about, assemble round

1d3) to march, go about

1d4) to enclose, envelop

1e) (Hiphil)

1e1) to turn, cause to turn, turn back, reverse, bring over, turn into, bring round

1e2) to cause to go around, surround, encompass

1f) (Hophal)

1f1) to be turned

1f2) to be surrounded

סָבַב (sa.vav) — to turn: surround.

: surround/go_round

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-m-1cs — Conjunction · verb piel infinitive construct first person common singular
HC/Vpc1cs
I wash in innocence hands my and I go around the object marker altar your O Yahweh
אֶת־'et- the object marker H853 Particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo — Particle
HTo
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
I wash in innocence hands my and I go around the object marker altar your O Yahweh
מִזְבַּחֲךָ֣miz.ba.cha.Kha altar your H4196 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
401× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
An altar is a place of sacrifice, where offerings are made to God, as seen in the Bible's description of the tabernacle and temple. It was a central part of Israel's worship. The altar played a key role in the priestly rituals.
Amplified meaning
place of sacrifice, worship
Tyndale gloss
altar
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbeach) means 'altar' in Hebrew. It is derived from the root word meaning to slay or kill, indicating its use in sacrificial contexts. The term is consistently used throughout the Old Testament to refer to places of sacrifice and worship.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִזְבֵּחַ 401 n.m. altar

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4196 מִזְבֵּחַ altar

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4196 mizbeach miz-bay'-akh

from 2076; an altar:--altar.

see HEBREW for 02076

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִזְבֵּחַ (miz.be.ach) — altar.

altar

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp2ms
I wash in innocence hands my and I go around the object marker altar your O Yahweh
יְהוָֽה׃Yah.weh O Yahweh H3068 Noun proper
6,528× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
Yehovah, the Eternal One
Tyndale gloss
The Lord
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)

יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb

יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D

the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy

יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'

from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish

national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.

see HEBREW for 01961

see HEBREW for 03050

see HEBREW for 03069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.

Jehovah = "the existing One"

1) the proper name of the one true God

1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpt
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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