Psalms 48:13 — Word Study
WLCשִׁ֤יתוּ לִבְּכֶ֨ם׀ לְֽחֵילָ֗ה פַּסְּג֥וּ אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ לְמַ֥עַן תְּ֝סַפְּר֗וּ לְד֣וֹר אַחֲרֽוֹן׃
BSAyou may tellçâphar [recount, give word]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שִׁ֤יתוּ | set | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine plural |
| לִבְּכֶ֨ם׀ | heart your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| לְֽחֵילָ֗ה | to rampart its | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| פַּסְּג֥וּ | walk through | Verb, Piel, imperative second person masculine plural |
| אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ | fortresses its | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| לְמַ֥עַן | so that | Particle |
| תְּ֝סַפְּר֗וּ | you may recount [it] | Verb, Piel, jussive second person masculine plural |
| לְד֣וֹר | to a generation | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| אַחֲרֽוֹן׃ | later |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | consider her ramparts, tour her citadels, that you may tell the next generation. |
| KJV | Mark ye well her bulwarks, consider her palaces; that ye may tell it to the generation following. |
| ASV | Mark ye well her bulwarks; Consider her palaces: That ye may tell it to the generation following. |
| YLT | Set your heart to her bulwark, Consider her high places, So that ye recount to a later generation, |
| WEB | Notice her bulwarks. Consider her palaces, that you may tell it to the next generation. |
| BBE | Take note of its strong walls, looking well at its fair buildings; so that you may give word of it to the generation which comes after. |
The translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, focusing on the call to observe and recount.
The main clause leads with an imperative, followed by a purpose clause that emphasizes the importance of the actions taken.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbסָבַב
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 9 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 48:13
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Celebration of Mount Ziongenerated
Psalm 48:13 encourages the people to take note of the city's defenses and fortifications. This reflection serves a dual purpose: it not only highlights the city's strength but also prepares the people to pass on its significance to future generations. The context of this verse is rich with themes of remembrance and the importance of sharing one's heritage, as seen in surrounding verses that celebrate God's protection and guidance.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 58:12 | Your people will rebuild the ancient ruins; you will restore the age-old foundations; you will be called Repairer of the Breach, Restorer of the Streets of Dwelling. |
| 2 | Amos 9:11 | “In that day I will restore the fallen tent of David. I will repair its gaps, restore its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of old, |
| 3 | Acts 15:14–16 | Simon has told us how God first visited the Gentiles to take from them a people to be His own. |
| 4 | Psalm 71:18 | Even when I am old and gray, do not forsake me, O God, until I proclaim Your power to the next generation, Your might to all who are to come. |
| 5 | Psalm 78:4 | We will not hide them from their children, but will declare to the next generation the praises of the LORD and His might, and the wonders He has performed. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שִׁ֤יתוּ, Shi.tugenerated
The Hebrew word שִׁית (shiyth) is a verb in the imperative form, meaning 'to set' or 'to place.' It is used here as a call to action, urging the listeners to actively observe and consider their surroundings. The versatility of this word encompasses various forms of setting, from physical placement to mental focus.
In this verse, it emphasizes the importance of attentiveness and reflection on the city's ramparts, suggesting a deeper understanding of its significance. The imperative form indicates urgency and a collective responsibility to engage with their heritage.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse contains a series of imperatives, with the finite verbs שִׁ֤יתוּ (set), פַּסְּג֥וּ (tour), and תְּ֝סַפְּר֗וּ (recount) forming the backbone of the command. Each verb directs the audience to take specific actions regarding their observation and sharing of the city's attributes.
The structure emphasizes a progression: first, to observe the defenses, then to explore the fortifications, and finally to recount these observations to the next generation. This sequence underscores the importance of active engagement and transmission of knowledge.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שִׁ֤יתוּ as κυκλώσατε (kiklōsate), meaning 'to encircle' or 'to surround.' This choice suggests a broader perspective, inviting the people to not only observe but to envelop the city in their thoughts and discussions.
The translation of פַּסְּג֥וּ as διηγήσασθε (diēgēsasthe) implies a narrative aspect, focusing on the recounting of the city's significance, which aligns well with the original Hebrew intent.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 48:13 encourages the people to observe the city's strong defenses and fortifications. This reflection is important for sharing its significance with future generations. The verse emphasizes the need to remember and pass down the heritage of God's protection and the city's glory.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
To consider the ramparts means to observe and reflect on the city's defenses, understanding their significance in the context of God's protection.
Recounting this to the next generation ensures that the knowledge of God's faithfulness and the city's strength is passed down, fostering a sense of identity and heritage.
The ramparts symbolize God's protection and strength, serving as a reminder of His faithfulness to His people.
We can apply this verse by actively remembering and sharing the stories of God's faithfulness in our lives and communities, ensuring that future generations understand His goodness.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What aspects of my faith heritage do I need to reflect on and share with others?
- How can I actively engage with my community to strengthen our collective memory of God's works?
- In what ways can I ensure that the next generation understands the significance of our faith?
- What are some tangible ways I can recount God's faithfulness in my life?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, emphasizing the importance of sharing the city's significance and God's power across generations.
The psalmist exhorts the people, “Behold this city.” … Understand something from … its structure, its beauty, its fame, so as to learn from this God’s power, how he made the lost city more mighty,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 48 →
Tell what? "For this is God, even our God" [Psalms 48:13]. The earth was seen, the earth's Creator was not seen; the flesh was held, God in the flesh was not acknowledged.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 48 →
Each generation has to pass on to the next what we have received from the former so that the saving message may pass to all generations, and all people know that he is our God and Lord, good shepherd, everlasting.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 48 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 48:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleMark ye well her bulwarks,.... Such as the free favour of God in Christ; which is not only as a shield, but as a bulwark to the church; his everlasting love, electing grace, the covenant of grace,
Read John Gill on Psalms 48 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMark ye well her bulwarks, consider her palaces; that ye may tell it to the generation following. Mark ye her bulwarks, consider her palaces. The "bulwarks" indicate the outer circuit of the city; the "palaces" the interior.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 48 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleConsider; or, exalt, or admire, Tell it to the generation following, that they may be excited to continue their praises to God for this mercy, by which they hold and enjoy all their blessings, and to trust in God in the like difficulties for the future.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 48 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 48:13 Mark ye well her bulwarks, consider her palaces; that ye may tell [it] to the generation following.Ver. 13. Mark ye well her bulwarks] Not at all impaired. The Great Turk could never have gotten the Rhodes but by treachery, notwithstanding his long and mighty batteries made upon that place day and night. How he raged at the last assault of Scodra, and blasphemed, see Turk. Hist. p. 423. Geneva is environed with enemies, French, Spanish, Savoy, Pope, and barred out from all aid of neighbour cities and Churches; yet is upheld, as it were, by an immediate hand of heaven, as Beza hath set forth in an elegant emblem, Hanc urbem non nisi miraculose stetisse et stare per multos annos…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 48 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(13) Consider.—The Hebrew word is peculiar to this passage. The root idea seems to be divide, and the natural sense of divide her palaces is, take them one by one and regard them.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 48 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 13. Mark ye well her bulwarks] See the redoubts by which she is defended. Consider her palaces] See her courts, chambers, altars, c., c. make an exact register of the whole, that ye may have to tell to your children how Jerusalem was built in troublesome times how God restored you; and how he put it into the hearts of the heathen to assist to build, beautify, and adorn the temple of our God.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 48 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges13. bulwarks] The outer wall or rampart. consider] Or, as R.V. marg., traverse. The word occurs here only, and is of doubtful meaning. But the rendering consider suits the context better. In either case the object is to convince themselves of the safety of the city. P.B.V. set up is derived from some Jewish authorities. that ye may tell it] Cp. Psalms 22:30-31; Psalms 44:1.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 48 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleMark ye well her bulwarks - Margin, as in Hebrew, “Set your heart to her bulwarks.” That is, Pay close attention to them; make the investigation with care, not as one does whose heart is not in the
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 48 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
consider her ramparts, tour her citadels, that you may tell the next generation.
Notice her bulwarks. Consider her palaces, that you may tell it to the next generation.
consider her ramparts, tour her citadels, that you may tell the next generation.
Consider its defenses! Walk through its fortresses, so you can tell the next generation about it!
Tyndale line
Mark ye well her bulwarks, consider her palaces; that ye may tell it to the generation following.
Mark ye well her bulwarks; Consider her palaces: That ye may tell it to the generation following.
Mark ye welt her bulwarks, consider her palaces; that ye may tell it to the generation following.
Mark ye well her bulwarks, consider her palaces; that ye may tell it to the generation following.
Marke well the wall thereof: beholde her towres, that ye may tell your posteritie.
Strictly literal
Mark ye well her bulwarks, consider her palaces: that ye may tell it to the generation following.
Set your heart to her bulwark, Consider her high places, So that ye recount to a later generation,
Set your heart to her bulwark, || Consider her high places, || So that you recount to a later generation,
(48:14) Direct your mind to her outer wall, mark carefully her palaces: in order that ye may tell it to the latest generation.
notice well her walls, and look at her palaces so that you may tell it to the next generation.
From the Latin
And man when he was in honour did not understand; he is compared to senseless beasts, and is become like to them.
Simplified
Inspect the fortifications. Examine the citadels, so you can describe everything to the next generation, telling them:
Take note of its strong walls, looking well at its fair buildings; so that you may give word of it to the generation which comes after.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text of Psalms 48:13 reads, "שִׁ֤יתוּ לִבְּכֶ֨ם׀ לְֽחֵילָ֗ה פַּסְּג֥וּ אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ לְמַ֥עַן תְּ֝סַפְּר֗וּ לְד֣וֹר אַחֲרֽוֹן׃" The Septuagint, however, does not provide a direct translation that matches the Hebrew text closely, as only 4 of the 9 words have a word-by-word correspondence. This indicates a significant difference in the rendering of the verse between the two texts. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls are not mentioned in the provided witnesses, so their readings cannot be compared here, but it is important to note that the Masoretic Text stands alone in this instance with its specific wording and structure.
שִׁ֤יתוּ לִבְּכֶ֨ם׀ לְֽחֵילָ֗ה פַּסְּג֥וּ אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ לְמַ֥עַן תְּ֝סַפְּר֗וּ לְד֣וֹר אַחֲרֽוֹן׃
4 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 48:13
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שִׁית (shiyth) is a primitive root meaning to put or set, with a wide range of applications including appointing, laying, and constituting. It can also imply taking a stand or being imposed upon. The entries consistently emphasize its versatility in contexts of action and intention.
שִׁית vb. put, set
Qal
put, lay
set, station
set one's mind to, give heed, attention
set, fix
constitute, make one something
internally trans., = take one's stand
Hoph. if a ransom be imposed
base
H7896 שִׁית put, set .. put, lay
. . set, station
. set one's mind to, give heed, attention
. set, fix
. constitute, make one something
. internally trans., = take one's stand
. if a ransom be imposed
7896 shiyth sheeth
a primitive root; to place (in a very wide
application):--apply, appoint, array, bring, consider, lay
(up), let alone, X look, make, mark, put (on), + regard, set,
shew, be stayed, X take.
שִׁית (shit) — to set: make.
: make/establish
1) to put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)
1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to
1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform
1a4) to take one's stand
1a5) to lay waste
1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon
שִׁית (shit) — to set: put.
: put/bring
1) to put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)
1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to
1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform
1a4) to take one's stand
1a5) to lay waste
1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon
שִׁית (shit) — to set: appoint.
: appoint
1) to put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)
1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to
1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform
1a4) to take one's stand
1a5) to lay waste
1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon
שִׁית (shit) — to set: accuse.
HVqv2mp — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine pluralHVqv2mp
Few words in the English language have such a rich variety of meaning and are used in so rich a variety of idiomatic expression as the word "set." A glance at any of the great dictionaries will convince anyone of the truth of this statement. The Standard Dictionary devotes three and a half columns to the word. In its primary meaning it there denotes 22 distinct things, in its secondary meaning 17 more, while 18 distinct phrases are given in which it is used, in some cases again in a variety of meanings. It is indeed a word calculated to drive a foreigner to despair. Some 70 Hebrew and about 30 Greek words in the original tongues of the Holy Scriptures have been rendered by the word "set," in the King James Version and also in the Revised Version (British and American). A careful comparative study of the original and of translations in other tongues will at once indicate that a lack of…
The Hebrew word לֵב (lev) means 'heart' and encompasses the inner man, mind, will, and emotions. It refers to the center of feelings, intellect, and moral character, as well as the seat of appetites and courage. The entries suggest a broad range of meanings related to human experience and thought, with a specific mention of its use in Jeremiah 51:1.
לֵב 599 n.m. (f.) inner man, mind, will, heart
seldom of things in the midst of the sea
elsewhere of men
the inner man in contrast with the outer
the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
specific reference to mind
spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
spec. ref. to conscience
[various]
for the man himself
as seat of appetites
as seat of emotions and passions
seat of courage
base
לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.
ref
H3820a לֵב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the sea
. elsewhere of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer
. the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
. specific reference to mind
. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
. spec. ref. to conscience
. [various]
. for the man himself
. as seat of appetites
. as seat of emotions and passions
. seat of courage
H3820b לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash
3820 leb labe
a form of 3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very
widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect;
likewise for the centre of anything:--+ care for, comfortably,
consent, X considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-),
(hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart((-ed)), X
heed, X I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), X regard((-ed)), X
themselves, X unawares, understanding, X well, willingly,
wisdom.
see HEBREW for 03824
לֵב (lev) — heart.
1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding
1a) inner part, midst
1a1) midst (of things)
1a2) heart (of man)
1a3) soul, heart (of man)
1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
1a6) conscience
1a7) heart (of moral character)
1a8) as seat of appetites
1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
לֵב (lev) — Leb.
§ Leb- = "heart of"
(probably a cryptic name for Babylon by Atbash)
HNcmsc/Sp2mp — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2mp
חֵל (cheyl) refers to a bulwark or rampart, indicating a form of protection or fortification. It is a feminine noun derived from a related term, and its meanings include entrenchment and fortress. The entries consistently emphasize its defensive connotations.
חֵל, חֵיל n.m. rampart, fortress
base
H2430 חֵל, חֵיל
2430 cheylah khay-law'
feminine of 2428; an intrenchment:--bulwark.
see HEBREW for 02428
חֵילָה (che.lah) — bulwark.
bulwark, entrenchment, rampart, fortress
Another spelling of chel (חֵל "rampart" H2426)
HR/Ncmsc/Sp3fs — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncmsc/Sp3fs
פָּסַג (pacag) is a Hebrew verb that generally means to cut up or contemplate, with a specific usage in the Piel form suggesting to pass between or within. The meaning is somewhat uncertain, and it is referenced in Psalm 48:14.
פָּסַג vb. Pi. dub.; if correct, pass between;—ψ 48:14
ref
H6448 פָּסַג
6448 pacag paw-sag'
a primitive root; to cut up, i.e. (figuratively)
contemplate:--consider.
פָּסַג (pa.sag) — to go through.
1) (Piel) to pass between or within
1a) meaning uncertain
HVpv2mp — Verb · Piel · imperative second person masculine pluralHVpv2mp
אַרְמוֹן (armown) refers to a citadel, castle, or palace, indicating a structure that is elevated or fortified. This term is primarily found in the prophetic books of the Old Testament, particularly in Amos and Jeremiah, and it is noted that it was not used before the royal period. The entries consistently emphasize its meanings related to fortifications and royal residences.
אַרְמוֹן n.m. citadel—citadel, castle, palace, not used before royal period, mostly in prophets, esp. common in Am & Je
base
H759 אַרְמוֹן citadel—citadel, castle, palace, not used before royal period, mostly in prophets, esp. common in Am & Je
759 'armown ar-mone'
from an unused root (meaning to be elevated); a citadel (from
its height):--castle, palace. Compare 2038.
see HEBREW for 02038
אַרְמוֹן (ar.mon) — citadel: palace.
: palace
citadel, palace, fortress
Also means: ar.mon (אַרְמוֹן ": fortress" H0759H)
אַרְמוֹן (ar.mon) — citadel: fortress.
: palace
citadel, palace, fortress
A sub-meaning of ar.mon (אַרְמוֹן ": palace" H0759)
HNcfpc/Sp3fs — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp3fs
מַ֫עַן (ma`an) is a preposition and conjunction meaning 'for the sake of' or 'on account of.' It conveys purpose or intent, indicating a motive or aim, and is used adverbially. The word is derived from a root meaning 'heed' or 'purpose' and appears in contexts that express reasons or intentions.
[מַ֫עַן] subst. purpose, intent, only with לְ, in לְמַ֫עַן 271 prep. and conj. for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that
base
H4616 מַ֫עַן prep. and conj. for the sake of, on account of, to the intent or in order that
4616 ma`an mah'-an
from 6030; properly, heed, i.e. purpose; used only
adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim),
teleologically, in order that:--because of, to the end
(intent) that, for (to,... 's sake), + lest, that, to.
see HEBREW for 06030
מַ֫עַן (ma.an) — because.
1) purpose, intent prep
1a) for the sake of
1b) in view of, on account of
1c) for the purpose of, to the intent that, in order to conj
1d) to the end that
HTc — ParticleHTc
so (co', although the Hebrew might be pointed cewe'; Assyrian Sib'u; Septuagint Segor, Soa; Manetho, Seuechos; Latin Sevechus; Herodotus (ii. 137 ff), Sabakon): In all probability the "Sabaeo" of Herodotus, the Shabaka, who founded the Ethiopian dynasty, the XXVth of Egyptian kings. His date is given as 715-707 BC (Flinders Petrie, History of Egypt, III, 281 ff), but we may suppose that before his accession to the throne he was entitled to be designated king, as being actually regent. To this So, Hoshea, king of Israel, made an appeal for assistance to enable him to throw off the yoke of the Assyrian Shalmaneser IV (2Ki 17:3). But Hoshea's submission to So brought him no advantage, for Shalmaneser came up throughout all the land and laid siege to Samaria. Not long after the fall of Samaria, So ventured upon an eastern campaign, and…
So
(Nubian, Sabako), an Ethiopian king who brought Egypt under his sway. He was bribed by Hoshea to help him against the Assyrian monarch Shalmaneser (2 Kings 17:4). This was a return to the policy that had been successful in the reign of Jeroboam I.
"So, king of Egypt," is once mentioned in the Bible -- (2 Kings 17:4) So has been identified by different writers with the first and second kings of the Ethiopian twenty-fifth dynasty, called by Manetho, Sabakon (Shebek) and Sebichos (Shebetek).
King of Egypt, made an alliance with Hoshea king of Israel, and promised him assistance; but was unable to prevent Shalmaneser king of Assyria from taking Samaria and subverting the kingdom, B. C. 721, 2Ki 17:4. See PHARAOH.
So is believed to have been the Servetus or Sabaco II of secular history, the second king of the Ethiopian or twenty-fifth dynasty, and the predecessor of Trihakah. A singular fact has been brought to light by the recent explorations at Nineveh, corroborating the Scripture record the more forcibly, because unexpected and direct. The Bible shows that Egypt and Assyria, though remote, were often in conflict during the height of the Assyrian ruins power, and that So was at war with Shalmaneser. After war comes the treaty of peace; and as the Bible prepares us to suppose such treaties were made, the Assyrian ruins…
סָפַר (safar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to count or recount, with various forms indicating actions like declaring or rehearsing. The noun form סֹפֵר (sofer) refers to a scribe or secretary. The entries highlight its use in contexts of enumeration and record-keeping, but do not present significant disagreement among lexicons.
סָפַר 107 vb. count, Pi. recount, relate
Qal 27
count things, to learn their number
number = take account of, carefully observe and consider, reckon
Niph. be counted, numbered
Pi. 67 recount, rehearse, declare
Pu. be recounted, related, rehearsed
base
סֹפֵר, סוֹפֵר n.m. enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
base
H5608a סָפַר count, Pi. recount, relate .. count things, to learn their number
. number = take account of, carefully observe and consider, reckon
. be counted, numbered
. recount, rehearse, declare
. be recounted, related, rehearsed
H5608b סֹפֵר, סוֹפֵר enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
5608 caphar saw-far'
a primitive root; properly, to score with a mark as a tally
or record, i.e. (by implication) to inscribe, and also to
enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e. celebrate:--commune,
(ac-)count; declare, number, + penknife, reckon, scribe, shew
forth, speak, talk, tell (out), writer.
סָפַר (sa.phar) — to recount.
v
1) to count, recount, relate
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to count (things)
1a2) to number, take account of, reckon
1b) (Niphal) to be counted, be numbered
1c) (Piel) to recount, rehearse, declare
1c1) to recount (something), rehearse
1c2) to talk
1c3) to count exactly or accurately
1d) (Pual) to be recounted, be rehearsed, be related
סֹפֵר (so.pher) — secretary.
1) enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
1a) enumerator, muster-officer, secretary
1b) learned man, scribe
Aramaic equivalent: sa.pher (סָפִר "scribe" H5613)
V-Qal-Impv-2mp — Verb · Piel · jussive second person masculine pluralHVpj2mp
The Hebrew word דּוֹר (dor) encompasses meanings related to a period or generation, often emphasizing the transitory nature of life. It can refer to a specific age, a class of people living at a certain time, or a dwelling place. The entries suggest a focus on both the temporal and spatial aspects of existence.
דּוֹר, דֹּר n.m. period, generation, dwelling
period, age, generation, mostly poet.
of men living at a particular time (period, age), generation, as transitory
generation characterized by quality or condition, class of men
dwelling-place, habitation
base
H1755 דּוֹר, דֹּר period, generation, dwelling . period, age, generation, mostly poet.
. of men living at a particular time (period, age), generation, as transitory
. generation characterized by quality or condition, class of men
. dwelling-place, habitation
1755 dowr dore
or (shortened) dor {dore}; from 1752; properly, a revolution
of time, i.e. an age or generation; also a dwelling:--age, X
evermore, generation, (n-)ever, posterity.
see HEBREW for 01752
דּוֹר (dor) — generation.
1) period, generation, habitation, dwelling
1a) period, age, generation (period of time)
1b) generation (those living during a period)
1c) generation (characterised by quality, condition, class of men)
1d) dwelling-place, habitation
Aramaic equivalent: dar (דָּר "generation" H1859)
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
jen-er-a'-shun (Latin generatio, from genero, "beget"):
(1) The translation
(a) of dor, "circle," "generation," hence, "age," "period," "cycle": "many generations" (De 32:7);
(b) the people of any particular period or those born about the same time: "Righteous before me in this generation" (Ge 7:1); "four generations" (Job 42:16);
Generation
Gen. 2:4, “These are the generations,” means the “history.” 5:1, “The book of the generations,” means a family register, or history of Adam. 37:2, “The generations of Jacob” = the history of Jacob and his descendants. 7:1, “In this generation” = in this age. Ps. 49:19, “The generation of his fathers” = the dwelling of his fathers, i.e., the grave. Ps. 73:15, “The generation of thy children” = the contemporary race. Isa. 53:8, “Who shall declare his generation?” = His manner of life who shall declare? or rather = His race, posterity, shall be so numerous that no one shall be able to declare it.
In the long-lived patriarchal age a generation seems to have been computed at 100 years, (Genesis 15:16) comp. Genesis15:13 and Eccl 12:40 But subsequently the reckoning was the same which has been adopted by modern civilized nations, viz. from thirty to forty years (Job 42:16) (Generation is also used to signify the men of an age or time, as contemporaries, (Genesis 6:9; Isaiah 53:8) posterity , especially in legal formulae, (Leviticus 3:17) etc.; fathers, or ancestors. (Psalms 49:19)
Besides the common acceptation of this word, as signifying race, descent, lineage, it is used for the history and genealogy of a person, as in Ge 5:1, "the book of the generations of Adam," that is, the history of Adam’s creation and of his posterity. So in Ge 2:4, "The generations of the heavens and of the earth," that is, their genealogy, so to speak, the history of the creation of heaven and earth; also in Mt 1:1, "The book of the generation of Jesus Christ," that is, the genealogy of Jesus Christ," that is, the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the history of his descent and life. "The present generation" comprises all those who are now alive; "This generation shall not pass till all be fulfilled," some now living shall witness the…
The Hebrew word אַחֲרוֹן (*acharown*) means 'last' or 'coming after.' It can refer to both spatial and temporal contexts, indicating something that is behind or subsequent. The entries highlight its use in describing location (e.g., western) and time (e.g., latter). There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
אַחֲרוֹן 61 f. אַחֲרוֹנָה, pl. אַחֲרֹנִים (also אַחֲרוֹנִים), adj. from אַחַר, coming after or behind
of place, behind, hindermost
of time, latter or last
base
H314 אַחֲרוֹן f. אַחֲרוֹנָה, pl. אַחֲרֹנִים (also אַחֲרוֹנִים), coming after or behind
314 'acharown akh-ar-one'
or (shortened) ;acharon {akh-ar-one'}; from 309; hinder;
generally, late or last; specifically (as facing the east)
western:--after (-ward), to come, following,
hind(-er, -ermost, -most), last, latter, rereward,
ut(ter)most.
see HEBREW for 0309
אַחֲרוֹן (a.cha.ron) — last.
1) behind, following, subsequent, western
1a) behind, hindermost, western (of location)
1b) later, subsequent, latter, last (of time)
HAamsa — HAamsa