Luke 11:37–54 — Sorrows for the Self-Righteous « Leader information shown in this fashion »
A. Lunch with the Pharisee, Luke 11:37–38 (NKJV): 37 And as He spoke, a certain Pharisee asked Him to dine {have breakfast or lunch} with him. So He went in and sat down to eat. 38 When the Pharisee saw it, he marvelled that He had not first washed {Greek: baptizo, “dip”} before dinner.
1. the Pharisees surprise, and implied criticism, is not a first here. Look at Mark 7:2–5.
a. the washing was not a matter of H_________ « hygiene »
b. what was the nature of this washing
(A) it was a « matter of tradition »
(B) it had to be « carried out in a specific fashion »
(C) it had to do with « ceremonial, not real, cleansing »
2. this passage uses the word “Woe” six times. The word woe is ouai (pronounced “way”) in the Greek and corresponds to the Hebrew hoy or ‘oy (as in the current Jewish, “oy vay”). It could equally well be rendered “Alas”. It indicates sorrow, distress or even indignation; so Jesus is not pronouncing a curse upon these men, nor showing vindictiveness, but regret in much the same fashion as He wept over Jerusalem (Matthew 23:37). In Matthew 23, on Tuesday of the Passion Week, the Lord Jesus repeats many of the pronouncements made in this passage.
B. The sorrow for their external only cleansing, Luke 11:39–41 (NKJV): 39 Then the Lord said to him, “Now you Pharisees make the outside of the cup and dish clean, but your inward part is full of greed and wickedness. 40 Foolish ones! Did not He who made the outside make the inside also? 41 “But rather give alms of such things as you have {the things within} ; then indeed all things are clean to you.”
1. the word “woe” is not used here, but the tone is one of sadness from the Saviour of men to those who seek salvation in works
2. what does Jesus say is the problem with the Pharisees’ practice (see also Mark 7:6–9)
a. « it changed only externals, it didn’t affect the heart »
b. « it was lip worship only, not from the heart (Isaiah 29:13) »
c. « it was based on commandments of men »
d. « the same people rejected the commandment of God »
3. the word “foolish” literally means without thought (not related to the word “fool” in Matthew 5:22); what did Jesus say they should have realized if they had just thought about it?
a. « God made us, both our outward form and our inward being and He is concerned with what is in us just as much — more!! — as what we show on the outside. What was It that made God choose David? “Man looketh on the outside, but God looketh on the heart” »
4. What did Jesus say they should do to correct their inside being? Why do you think He chose this particular item?
a. « alms (giving to the poor) »
b. « to help them overcome their greed (see Matthew 23:14 for an example); when the Pharisees gave it was all external show … it needed to be given from the heart, “from within” »
5. Look at Mark 7:10–13. « The Pharisees had worked out a way that one could have his cake and eat it to. To free a person from the obligation to parents, they could declare all of their property “Corban” or dedicated to the temple, but then live off that property in comfort all their lives. » After this He explains, first to the multitude (7:14–16) and then to His disciples (7:17–23) what the real problem was.
a. what is the effect of not going through the ceremonial rites of cleansing? « Nothing; the body purifies the food eaten »
b. Where did Jesus say that evil originates? « In man’s heart »
c. Is any significant wickedness excluded from this truth?
C. The sorrow for their shallow religion, Luke 11:42 (NKJV): 42 “But woe to you Pharisees! For you tithe mint and rue and all manner of herbs, and pass by justice and the love of God. These you ought to have done, without leaving the others undone.
1. read the similar Passion Week saying, Matthew 23:23–24
2. “rue” is a evergreen shrub whose bitter leaves were once used in medicine and was specifically exempted from the tithe by the Mishnah (Shebiith 9:1); what is the one notable thing about mint? « — it spreads without cultivation or need for care »
a. on what did the Pharisees worship centre? « — on the small, unimportant things »
b. in so doing, what did the Pharisees neglect? « – justice (love of man), love of God, mercy, faith »
3. note that Jesus does not say they shouldn’t have done the small things (”straining at the gnats”) but that … « they paid attention to them while excluding the important (”swallowing a camel”) »
D. The sorrow for their mere religious show: Luke 11:43 (NKJV): 43 “Woe to you Pharisees! For you love the best seats in the synagogues and greetings in the marketplaces.
1. read the similar Passion Week saying, Matthew 23:6–12
2. what were the things that were important to these religious leaders
a. prominence in the synagogue, at feasts « — honour »
b. recognition in society « — respect »
c. John 12:42–43 « — the praise of men rather than of God »
E. The sorrow for their dead religion, Luke 11:44 (NKJV): 44 “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like graves which are not seen, and the men who walk over them are not aware of them.”
1. Numbers 19:16; what happened to someone who touched a grave? « — they were ceremonially unclean for seven days »
2. what was the danger of coming in contact with the teaching of the Pharisees? « — they were unsuspected sources of defilement »
3. read the related Passion Week saying, Matthew 23:27–28; in this the Pharisees were not only hidden as graves but also they were disguised as … « something beautiful »
a. for this reason they show themselves to be … « hypocrites »
F. The sorrow for their false teaching of works, Luke 11:45–46 (NKJV): 45 Then one of the lawyers answered and said to Him, “Teacher, by saying these things You reproach us also.” 46 And He said, “Woe to you also, lawyers! For you load men with burdens hard to bear, and you yourselves do not touch the burdens with one of your fingers.”
1. this lawyer was really sharp; after only about three years of Jesus teaching, he caught on that it was a reproach to his own life and conduct! Scribes and lawyers are alternate names for the same people, those who studied and applied the law and traditions; the Pharisees were a different but partially overlapping group who main interest was in maintaining pure religious practices.
2. read the similar passage in Matthew 23:2–5
a. what authority and responsibility did the scribes and the Pharisees have? « — to teach the Old Testament and more specifically the law of Moses »
b. what were the disciples to do about this authority? « — to obey their teaching of the law but not their practice »
3. however, what was the character of the way they exercised their authority? « — it went beyond the law; it was impossible to obey; with the Pharisees it was “do as I say, not as I do” »
G. The sorrow for their injustice, Luke 11:47–51 (NKJV): 47 “Woe to you! For you build the tombs of the prophets, and your fathers killed them. 48 In fact, you bear witness that you approve the deeds of your fathers; for they indeed killed them, and you build their tombs. 49 Therefore the wisdom of God also said, ‘I will send them prophets and apostles, and some of them they will kill and persecute,’ 50 that the blood of all the prophets which was shed from the foundation of the world may be required of this generation, 51 from the blood of Abel to the blood of Zechariah who perished between the altar and the temple. Yes, I say to you, it shall be required of this generation.”
1. the similar Passion Week statement is in Matthew 23:29–36
2. what interesting fact do we discover about the prophets and apostles in these verses? « — Abel is counted among their number and the first to be martyred. » Which implies? « — God started proclaiming His message of salvation right from the Fall »
H. The sorrow of misleading true seekers, Luke 11:52 (NKJV): 52 “Woe to you lawyers! For you have taken away the key of knowledge. You did not enter in yourselves, and those who were entering in you hindered.”
1. read the related Passion Week statement, Matthew 23:15
2. describe the attitude in which they exercised their authority « — “dog in the manger” … preventing others from the truth »
I. The response of the recalcitrant (stubbornly defiant, unrepentant, set in their ways), Luke 11:53–54 (NKJV): 53 And as He said these things to them, the scribes and the Pharisees began to assail Him vehemently, and to cross-examine Him about many things, 54 lying in wait for Him, and seeking to catch Him in something He might say, that they might accuse Him.
1. what was their proper response to Christ’s words? « — repentance »
2. what words of Christ did they prove true by their actions? « — they were like their fathers who had persecuted the prophets, for it was they who plotted the crucifixion of the Prophet » «
Some of these references and notes from Leon Morris’ commentary on Luke, the Tyndale New Testament Commentaries »