θάνατος, -ov, 6, (θανεῖν); Sept. for ny) and ny, also for 727 pestilence [W. 29 note]; (one of the nouns often anarthrous, ef. W. § 19, 1s. v.; [B. § 124, 8¢.]; Grimm, Com. on Sap. p. 59); death; 1. prop. the death of the body, i. e. that separation (whether natural or violent) of the soul from the body by which the life on earth is ended: Jn. xi. 4, [13]; Acts ii. 24 [Trmrg. ἅδου] (on this see ddiv); Phil. ii. 27,30; Heb. vii. 23; ix. 15 sq.; Rev. ix. 6; xviii. 8; opp. to ζωή, Ro. viii. 38; 1 Co. iii. 22; 2Co.i. 9; Phil. i. 20; with the implied idea of future misery in the state beyond, 1 Co. xv. 21; 2 Tim. i. 10; Heb. ii. 14 sq.; 1. q. the power of death, 2 Co. iv. 12. Since the nether world, the abode of the dead, was conceived of as being very dark, χώρα καὶ σκιὰ θανάτου (ayy) is equiv. to the region of thickest darkness, i. e. figuratively, a region enveloped in the darkness of ignorance and sin: Mt. iv. 16; Lk. i. 79, (fr. Is. ix. 2); θάναros is used of the punishment of Christ, Ro. v. 10; vi. 8-5; 1 Co. xi. 26; Phil. iii. 10; Col. i. 22; Heb. ii. [9], 14; σώζειν τινὰ ἐκ θανάτου, to free from the fear of death, to enable one to undergo death fearlessly, Heb. v. 7 [but al. al.]; ῥύεσθαι ἐκ θανάτου, to deliver from the danger of death, 2 Co. i. 10; plur. θάνατοι, deaths (i. 6. mort! perils) of various kinds, 2 Co. xi. 23; περίλυπος ews θανάτου. even unto death, i. 6. so that Iam almost dying of sorrow, Mt. xxvi. 38; Mk. xiv. 34, (λελύπημαι ἕως θανάτου, Jonah iv. 9; λύπη ἕως θανάτου, Sir. xxxvii. 2, cf. Jude. xvi. 16); μέχρι θανάτου, so as not to refuse to undergo even death, Phil. ii. 8; also ἄχρι θανάτου, Rey. ii. 10; xii. 11; ἐσφαγμένος εἰς θάνατον, that has received a deadly wound, Rev. xiii. 3; πληγὴ θανάτου, a deadly wound [death-stroke, cf. W. § 34, 3 b.], Rev. xiii. 3, 12; ἰδεῖν θάνατον, to experience death, Lk. ii. 26; Heb. xi. 5; also γεύεσθαι θανάτου [see γεύω, 2], Mt. xvi. 28; Mk. ix. 1; Lk. ix. 27; διώκειν τινὰ ἄχρι θανάτου, even to destruction, Acts xxii. 4; κατακρίνειν twa θανάτῳ, to condemn one to death (ad mortem damnare, Tacit.), Mt. xx. 18 [here Tdf. εἰς θάν.]1; Mk. x. 33, (see κατακρίνω, a.) ; πορεύεσθαι eis Gav. to undergo death, Lk. xxii. 33; mapaδιδόναι τινὰ εἰς Pav. that he may be put to death, Mt. x. 21; Mk. xiii. 12; pass. to be given over to the peril of death, 2 Co. iv. 11; παραδ. εἰς κρίμα θανάτου, Lk. xxiv. 20; ἀποκτεῖναί twa ἐν θανάτῳ (a Hebraism [ef. B. 184 (159 sq.)]), Rev. ii. 23; vi. 8, [cf. W. 29 note]; αἰτία θανάτου (see αἰτία, 2), Acts xiii. 28; xxviii. 18; ἄξιόν τι θανάτου, some crime worthy of the penalty of death, Acts xxiii. 29; xxv. 11, 25; [xxvi. 31]; Lk. xxiii. 15, 22 [here αἴτιον (4. ν- 2b.) θαν.] ; ἔνοχος θανάτου, worthy of punishment by death, Mt. xxvi. 66; Mk. xiv. 64; θανάτῳ τελευτάτω, let him surely be put to death, Mt. xv. 4; Mk. vii. 10, after Ex. xxi. 17 Sept. (Hebr. n YD); οἵ. W. § 44 fin. N. 3; [B. u.s.]; θάν. σταυροῦ, Phil. ii. 8; ποίῳ θανάτῳ, by what kind of death, Jn. xii. 33; xviii. 32; xxi. 19. The inevitable necessity of dying, shared alike by all men, takes on in the popular imagination the form of a person, a tyrant, subjugating men to his power and confining them in his dark dominions: Ro. vi. 9; 1 Co. xv. [26], 54, 56; Rev. xxi.4; Hades is associated with him as his partner: 1 Co. xv. 55 RG; Rey. i. 18 (on which see κλείς); vi. 8; xx. 13, [145], (Ps. xvii. (xviii.) 5; exiv. (exvi.) 3; Hos. xiii. 14; Sir. xiv. 12). 2. metaph. the loss of that life which alone is worthy of the name, i. e. the misery of soul arising from sin, which begins on earth but lasts and increases after the death of the body: 2 Co. iii. 7; Jas. i. 15, (Clem. Rom. 2 Cor. 1, 6 says of life before conversion to Christ, 6 Bios ἡμῶν ὅλος ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἦν εἰ μὴ θάνατος [cf. Philo, praem. et poenis § 12, and reff. in 4 below]); opp. to ἡ ζωή, Ro. vii. 10, 13; 2 Co. ii. 16; opp. to σωτηρία, 2 Co. vii. 10; i. 4. the cause of death, Ro. vii. 13; σώζειν ψυχὴν ἐκ, θανάτου, Jas. ν. 20; μεταβεβηκέναι ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου eis τ. Conv, In. ν. 24; 1 In. iii. 14; μένειν ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ, 1 In. iii. 14; θεωρεῖν θάνατον, Jn. vill. 51; γεύεσθαι θανάτου, 52 (see 1 above); ἁμαρτία and ἁμαρτάνειν πρὸς θάνατον (see ἁμαρτία, 2b.), 1 Jn. v. 16 sq. (in the rabbin. writers nid? Num —after Num. xviii. 22, Sept. ἁμαρτία θανατηφόρος --- is a crimen capitale). 3. the miserable state of the wicked dead in hell is called —now simply θάνατος, Ro. i. 32 (Sap. i. 12 sq.; ii. 24; Tatian or. ad Graec. ec. 13; the author of the ep. ad Diognet. ο. 10, 7 distinguishes between ὁ δοκῶν ἐνθάδε θάνατος, the death of the body, and ὁ ὄντως θάνατος, ὃς φυλάσσεται τοῖς κατακριθησομένοις εἰς τὸ πῦρ τὸ αἰώνιον) ; Now ὁ δεύτερος θάνατος and 6 θάν. ὁ δεύτ. (as opp. to the former death, i. 6. to that by which life on earth is ended), Rev. ii. 11; xx. 6, 14°; xxi. 8, (as in the Targums on Deut. xxxiii. 6; Ps. xlviii. (xlix.) 11; Is. xxii. 14; lxvi. 15; [for the Grk. use of the phrase οἵ. Plut. de facie in orbe lunae 27, 6 p- 942 £.]; θάνατος αἰώνιος, Barn. ep. 20, 1 and in ecel. writ. [6 ἀΐδιος θάνατος, Philo, post. Cain. § 11 fin.; see also Wetstein on Rev. ii. 117). 4. In the widest sense, death comprises all the miseries arising from sin, as well physical death as the loss of a life consecrated to God and blessed in him on earth (Philo, alleg. legg. i. § 33 ὁ ψυχῆς θάνατος ἀρετῆς μὲν φθορά ἐστι, κακίας δὲ ἀνάληψις, [de profug. § 21 θάνατος ψυχῆς ὁ μετὰ κακίας ἐστὶ βίος, esp. 88 10,11; quod det. pot. insid. §§ 14, 15; de poster. Cain. § 21, and de praem. et poen. as in 2 above]), to be followed by wretchedness in the lower world (opp. to ζωὴ αἰώνιος) : θάνατος seems to be so used in Ro. v. 12; vi. 16,21, [23; yet al. refer these last three exx. to 3 above]; vii. 24; viii. 2,6; death, in this sense, is personified in Ro. v. 14,17, 21; vii. 5. Others, in all these pass. as well as those cited under 2, understand physical death; but see Philippi on Ro. v.12; Messner, Lehre der Apostel, p. 210 sqq.

θάνατος thanatos 120x

death, the extinction of life, whether naturally, Lk. 2:26; Mk. 9:1; or violently, Mt. 10:21; 15:4; imminent danger of death, 2 Cor. 4:11, 12; 11:23; in NT spiritual death, as opposed to ζωή in its spiritual sense, in respect of a forfeiture of salvation, Jn. 8:51; Rom. 6:16

θάνατος, -ου, ὁ (θνήσκω),

[in LXX chiefly for מָוֶת ,מוּת, sometimes דֶּבֶר;]

death; of the death of the body, whether natural or violent: Jo 11:13, Phl 2:27, He 7:23, al; opp. to ζωή, Ro 8:38, Phl 1:20; of the death of Christ, Ro 5:10, Phl 3:10, He 2:9; ῥυέσθαι (σώζειν) ἐκ θ., II Co 1:10, He 5:7; περίλυπος ἕως θανάτου, Mt 26:38, Mk 14:34; μέχρι (ἄχρι) θ., Phl 2:8, Re 2:10; πληγὴ θανάτου, a deadly wound, Re 13:3; ἰδεῖν θάνατον, Lk 2:26, He 11:5; γεύεσθαι θανάτου, Mk 9:1; ἔνοχος θανάτου, Mk 14:64; θανάτῳ τελευτᾶν (Ex 21:17, מוּת יוּמָת), Mk 7:10; death personified, Ro 6:9, I Co 15:26, Re 21:4; pl., of deadly perils, II Co 11:23.

Of spiritual death: Jo 5:24 8:51, Ro 7:10, Ja 1:15 5:20, I Jo 3:14 5:16, al.; of eternal death, Ro 1:32 7:5, al.; ὁ θ. ὁ δεύτερος, Re 2:11 21:8 (cf. Cremer, 283 ff.; DB, iii, 114 ff.; DCG, i, 791 f.).

θάνατος. For this common noun we may cite such passages as P Petr IIT. 36 (2)? τ]ὸν θάνατον ὑποκείμενον [ἐν] τῆι φυλακῆι διὰ τὴν ἔνδειαν, P Tebt I. 5% (B.c. 118) τοὺς δὲ παρὰ ταῦτα ποιοῦντας θαν[άτωι ζ]ημιοῦσθαι, P Oxy III. 4727 (c. Α.Ὁ. 130) ἄλλοι πολλοὶ τὸν θάνατον τοῦ ζῆν προκρείναντες, 12. 11. 2370}. 36 (A.D. 186) ἡ δὲ κτῆσις μετὰ θάνατον τοῖς τέκνοις κεκράτηται, “but the right of ownership after their death has been settled upon the children” (Edd.). The wellknown inscr. at the entrance of the inner court of the Temple at Jerusalem, threatening all who were not Jews with the penalty of death for entering, ends—és 8’ ἂν ληφθῇ, ἑαυτῶι αἴτιος ἔσται διὰ τὸ ἐξακολουθεῖν θάνατον (OG/S 5087, i/A.D.). In a Latin papyrus containing military accounts, | P Fay rosiii 24 (c. a.p. 180), opposite the name Turbon a letter @ has been inserted, implying, according to the editors, that he has died. The letter, they add, has the same signification on Roman gravestones, and also in a Latin list of soldiers in the Rainer Collection, where the name itself is crossed through: cf. Persius Saf. iv. 13 (“‘nigrum... theta’’), Mart. vii. 37, and the line of Lucilius (?)—*O multum ante alias infelix littera Theta.’’ It was used by critics and grammarians to mark a docus conclamatus. In MGr the subst. while θανατικό = “ plague,” ““disease.”’ survives,

θάνατος (thanatos) — death. θάνᾰτος [θᾰ], ὁ, (θνῄσκω) death, whether natural or violent, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τῶν ὑπαλευάμενος θάνατον the death threatened by them, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; θάνατόνδε to death, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; θανάτου τέλος, μοῖρα, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; θανάτου πέρι καὶ ζωᾶς for life and death, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πόλεώς ἐστι θ., ἀνάστατον γενέσθαι it is its death, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; γῆρας ζῶν θ. [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; θάνατον ἀποθνῄσκειν, τελευτᾶν, [Refs 1st c.BC+]

2. in Law, death-penalty, θάνατον καταγνῶναί τινος to pass sentence of death on one, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; θανάτου δίκῃ κρίνεσθαι[Refs 5th c.BC+]; πρὸς τοὺς ἐχθροὺς.. ἀγωνίσασθαι περὶ θ. [Refs 4th c.BC+]; θ. τῆς ζημίας ἐπικειμένης the penalty is death, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; elliptically, παιδίον κεκος μημένον τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (i.e. στολήν) [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but δῆσαί τινα τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (i.e. δέσιν) [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ ἔξοδον ποιεῖσθαι to go to execution, [Refs]; τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐπιτρέψαι περὶ σφῶν αὐτῶν πλὴν θανάτου for any penalty short of death, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰργόμενον θανάτου καὶ τοῦ ἀνάπηρον ποιῆσαι short of death or maiming, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

3. plural, θάνατοι kinds of death, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; the deaths of several persons, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; poetry, of one person, [Refs 5th c.BC+]*apocalyptic [Refs 1st c.AD+]; especially of violent death, θ. αὐθένται [Refs 5th c.BC+]

II. as proper name, Θάνατος [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὃν [ἰὸν] τέκετο Θ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]

III. corpse, θ. ἀτύμβευτος [Refs 1st c.BC+]