ἄνθρωπος, -ov, 6, [perh. fr. ἀνήρ and oy, i. e. man’s face; Curtius § 422; Vaniéek p.9. From Hom. down]; man. Tt is used 1. univ., with ref. to the genus or nature, without distinction of sex, a human being, whether male or female: Jn. xvi. 31. And in this sense a. with the article, generically, so as to include all human individuals: Mt. iv. 4 (ἐπ᾿ ἄρτῳ ζήσεται 6 ἄνθρωπος) ; Mt. xii. 35 (ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθ. every good person); Mt. xv. 11, 18; Mk. ii. 27; vil. 15, 18, 20; Lk.iv.4; Jn. ii. 25 [W. § 18, 8]; vii. 51; Ro. vii.1,ete. b. so that a man is distinguished from beings of a different race or order; a. from animals, plants, ete.: Lk. v.10; Mt.iv.19; xii. 12; 2 Pet. ii. 16; Rev. ix. 4, 7, 10, 15,18; xi. 13, ete. β. from God, from Christ as divine, and from angels: Mt. x. 32; xix. 6; Mk. x. 9; Lk. 11. 15 [Ὁ WH om., L Tr br.] (opp. to angels); Jn. x. 33; Acts x. 26; xiv.11; 1 Th. ii. 13; Gal. i. 10, 12; 1 Co. iii. 21; vii. 23; Phil.ii. 7,7 (8); 1 Tim. ii. 5; Heb. viii. 2; xiii. 6; 1 Pet. ii. 4, ete. ec. with the added notion of weakness, by which man is led into mistake or prompted to sin: οὐκ ἄνθρωποί (RG capkikot) ἐστε; 1 Co. iii. 4; σοφία ἀνθρώπων, 1 Co. ii. 5; ἀνθρώπων ἐπιθυμίαι, 1 Pet. iv. 2; κατὰ ἄνθρωπον περιπατεῖτε. ye conduct yourselves as men, 1 Co. iii. 3; λαλεῖν or λέγειν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον, to speak according to human modes of thinking, 1 Co. ix. 8; Ro. iii.5; κατὰ ἄνθρωπον λέγω, I speak as a man to whom analogies from human affairs present themselves, while I illustrate divine things by an example drawn from ordinary human life, Gal. iii. 15; κατὰ dvOp. θηριομαχεῖν, as man is wont to fight, urged on by the desire of gain, honor and other earthly advantages, 1 Co, xv. 32; οὐκ ἔστι κατὰ avOp. is not accommodated to the opinions and desires of men, Gal. i. 11; [for exx. of κατὰ ἄνθ. in prof. auth. see Wetstein on Rom. u. 8.7; with the accessory notion of malignity: προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, Mt. x. 17; εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων, Mt. xvii. 22; Lk. ἴχ. 44. ἅ. with the adjunct notion of contempt, (as sometimes in Grk. writ.) : Jn. v. 12; the address ὦ ἄνθρωπε, or ἄνθρωπε, is one either of contempt and disdainful pity, Ro. ix. 20 (Plat. Gorg. p. 452 b. σὺ δὲ... τίς εἶ, ὦ ἄνθρωπε), or of gentle rebuke, Lk. xxii. 58,60. ‘The word serves to suggest commiseration: ἴδε [T Tr WH ἰδοὺ] 6 ἄνθρ. behold the man in question, maltreated, defenceless, Jn. xix. 5. 6. with a reference to the twofold nature of man, ὁ ἔσω and ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος, soul and body: Ro. vii. 22; Eph. iii. 16; 2 Co. iv. 16, (Plat. rep. 9, 589 a. ὁ ἐντὸς ἄνθρωπος ; Plotin. Enn. 5, 1, 10 ὁ εἴσω avOp.; cf. Fritzsche on Rom. vol. ii. 61 sq; [Mey. on Ro. ]. c.; Ellie. on Eph. 1. 6.1); ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρ. 1 Pet. iii. 4. f. with a reference to the twofold moral condition of man, 6 παλαιός (the corrupt) and 6 καινὸς (ὁ νέος) avOp. (the truly Christian man, conformed to the nature of God): Ro. vi. 6; Eph. ii. 15; iv. 22, 24; Col. iii. 9 sq. g. with a reference to the sex, (contextually) a male: Jn. vii. 22 sq. 2. indefinitely, without the article, ἄνθρωπος, a. some one, a (certain) man, when who he is either is not known or is not important: 1. α. τὶς, Mt. xvii. 14; xxi. 28; xxii. 11; Mk. xii. 1; xiv. 13; Lk. v. 18; xiii. 19, ete. with the addition of ris, Mt. xviii. 12; Lk. x. 30; xiv. 2,16; xv.11; xvi. 1,19; Jn.v.5. in address, where the speaker either cannot or will not give the name, Lk. v. 20; or where the writer addresses any and every reader, Ro. ii. 1, 8, Ὁ. where what is said holds of every man, so that ἄνθρ. is equiv. to the Germ. indef. man, one: Ro. iii. 28; 1 Co. iv. 1; vii. 1; xi. 28; Gal. ii. 16. So also where opp. to domestics, Mt. x. 36; to a wife, Mt. xix. 10; to a father, Mt. x. 835; to the master of a household, Lk. xii. 36 sq.,—in which passages many, confounding sense and signification, incorrectly say that the word ἄνθρ. signifies father of a family, husband, son, servant. 3. in the plur. of ἄνθρ. is sometimes (the) people, Germ. die Leute: Mt. v. 18, 16; vi. 5, 18; viii. 27; xvi. 13; Lk. xi. 44; Mk. viii. 24, 27; Jn. iv. 28; οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων (nemo hominum) no one, Mk. xi. 2; 1 Tim. vi. 16. 4. It is joined a. to another substantive, —a quasi-predicate of office, or employment, or characteristic, —the idea of the predicate predominating [W. § 59,1]: ἄνθρωπος ἔμπορος a merchant (-man), Mt. xiii. 45 [WH txt. om. dvp.]; οἶκοδεσπότης, Mt. xiii. 52; xx. 1; xxi. 33; βασιλεύς, Mt. xviii. 23; xxii. 2; φάγος, Mt. xi. 19. (So in Hebr. τὰ ΄ ἀνθυπατεύω Ὁ WN a eunuch, Jer. xxxviii. 7 sq., 1π3 ws a priest, Ley. xxi. 9; also in Grk. writ.: ἄνθ. ὁδίτης, Hom. Il. 16, 263, al.; cf. Matthiae ὃ 430, 6; [Kriiger § 57, 1,1]; but in Attic this combination generally has a contemptuous force; cf. Bnhdy. p. 48; in Lat. homo gladiator, Cic. epp. ad diversos 12, 22,1). b. to a gentile noun: ἄνθ. Κυρηναῖος, Mt. xxvii. 32; *Iovdaios, Acts xxi. 39; Ῥωpaios, Acts xvi. 37; xxii. 25, (ace. to the context, a Roman citizen). 5. ὁ avOp., with the article, the particular man under consideration, who he is being plain from the context: Mt. xii. 13; xxvi. 72; Mk. iii. 5; Lk. xxiii. 6; Jn. iv. 50. οὗτος ὁ av6., Lk. xiv. 30; Jn. ix. 16, 24 [L Trmrg. WH]; xi. 47; ὁ ἄνθ. οὗτος, Mk. xiv. 71; Lk. xxiii. 4, 14, 47; Jn. ix. 24 [RG TTrtxt.]; xviii. 17; Acts vi. 13; xxii. 26; xxvi. 31,32. ὁ av0. ἐκεῖνος, Mt. xii. 45; xxvi. 24; Mk. xiv. 21. 6. Phrases: 6 ἄνθ. τῆς ἁμαρτίας (or with T Tr txt.WH txt. τ. ἀνομίας), 2 Th. ii. 3, see ἁμαρτία, 1 p. 80 sq. ἄνθ. τοῦ θεοῦ a man devoted to the service of God, God’s minister: 1 Tim. vi. 11; 2 Tim. iii. 17, (of the evangelists, the associates of the apostles) ; 2 Pet.i. 21 (of prophets, like DN WN often in the O. T.; cf. Gesenius, Thesaur. i. p. 85). For 6 vids τοῦ ἀνθρώπου and viol τῶν avOp., see under vids. ἀνθ-υπατεύω ; (ἀντί for i.e. in lieu or stead of any one, and ὑπατεύω to be ὕπατος, to be supreme, to be consul) ; to be proconsul: Acts xviii. 12[RG; cf. B. 169 (147)]. (Plut. comp. Dem. 6. Cic. ο. 3; Hdian. 7, 5, 2.)

ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos 550x

a human being, Jn. 16:21; Phil. 2:7; an individual, Rom. 3:28, et al. freq.; used also pleonastically with other words, Mt. 11:19; et al.; met. the spiritual frame of the inner man, Rom. 7:22; Eph. 3:16; 1 Pet. 3:4

ἄνθρωπος, -ου, ὁ,

[in LXX chiefly for אָדָם, אִישׁ, also for אֱנוֹשׁ, etc.;]

man: generically, a human being, male or female (Lat. homo): Jo 16:21; c. art., Mt 4:4 12:35, Mk 2:27, Jo 2:25, Ro 7:1, al; disting. from God, Mt 19:6, Jo 10:33, Col 3:23, al.; from animals, etc., Mt 4:19, Lk 5:10, Re 9:4, al.; implying human frailty and imperfection, I Co 3:4; σοφία ἀνθρώπων, I Co 2:5; ἀνθρώπων ἐπιθυμίαι, I Pe 4:2; κατὰ ἄνθρωπον περιπατεῖν, I Co 3:3; κατὰ ἄ. λέγειν (λαλεῖν), Ro 3:5, I Co 9:8; κατὰ ἄ- λέγειν, Ga 3:15 (cf. I Co 15:32, Ga 1:11); by meton., of man's nature or condition, ὁ ἔσω (ἔξω) ἄ., Ro 7:22, Eph 3:16, II Co 4:16 (cf. I Pe 3:4); ὁ παλαιὸς, καινὸς, νέος ἄ., Ro 6:6, Eph 2:15 4:22, 24, Col 3:9, 10; joined with another subst., ἄ. ἔμπορος, a merchant, Mt 13:45 (WH, txt. om. ἄ.); οἰκοδεσπότης, Mt 13:52; βασιλεύς, 18:23; φάγος, 11:19; with name of nation, Κυρηναῖος, Mt 27:32; Ἰουδαῖος, Ac 21:39; Ῥωμαῖος, Ac 16:37; pl. οἱ ἄ., men, people: Mt 5:13, 16, Mk 8:24, Jo 4:28; οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων, Mk 11:2, I Ti 6:16.

Indef., ἄ. = τις, some one, a man: Mt 17:14, Mk 12:1, al.; τις ἄ., Mt 18:12, Jo 5:5, al.; indef. one (Fr. on), Ro 3:28, Ga 2:16, al.; opp. to women, servants, etc., Mt 10:36 19:10, Jo 7:22, 23.

Definitely, c. art., of some particular person; Mt 12:13, Mk 3:5, al.; οὗτος ὁ ἄ., Lk 14:30; ὁ ἄ οὗτος, ἐκεῖνος, Mk 14:71, Mt 12:45; ὁ ἄ. τ. ἀνομίας, II Th 2:3; ἄ τ. θεοῦ (of Heb. אֱלֹהִים אִישׁ), I Ti 6:11, II Ti 3:17, II Pe 1:21; ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀ., v.s. υἱός.

SYN.: ἀνήρ, q.v. (and cf. MM, VGT, 44; Cremer, 103, 635).

ἄνθρωπος, like ἀνήρ, has kept its differentia practically unchanged from Homer to MGr. It is interesting to notice its philosophical abstract ἀνθρωπότης vouched for as fairly popular Greek by Vettius Valens (p. 346%, in antith. to ἀθανασία), passing into Christian theology (see LS and Sophocles Zex.), and current in MGr. The NT has no trace of the curious misuse by which the principal difference between a. and ἀνήρ is ignored: Tob 65 ἀνθρώπου ἢ γυναικός. P Flor |. 61 (a.p. 86-8) ἄξιος μ[ὲ]ν ἧς μαστιγωθῆναι, διὰ σεαυτοῦ [κ]Ἰατασχὼν ἄνθρωπον εἰσχήμονα καὶ yuv[ai]kas is not parallel, as a. only means as little is Jn 772. (Grimm). Another case of ἄνθρωπος invading the sphere of ἀνήρ is the Matthzean locution ἄ, οἰκοδεσπότης, βασιλεύς, φαγός etc. though not Attic: Mt may have got it from LXX (so Lev 21° ἀνθρώπου ἱερέως). Some papyrus passages may be cited, though little is needed. The antithesis with θεός has figured under ἀνθρώπινος : the complementary one comes out well in BGU IV. ro24iv-® (iv/v A.D.), where a judge pronounces sentence of death with the words σύ μοι δοκεῖς [ψυχὴν ἔχειν θηρίου καὶ [οἹὐκ ἀνθρώπου, [μᾶλλον δ]ὲ οὐδὲ Onplov— he proceeds to give reasons. 7760. 10307 (iii/A.D.) ἐπίγοντες τοὺς ἀνθρώπους Kal τοὺς τέκτονας--ἀ. is general and τ. 6c person” : As Grimm’s passages show, this is Greek, special. For the purely unemphatic use cf. the illiterate note, ἐδ. 10311% (ii/A.D.) ἔκδος ἀνθρώποις ἀσφα[λέσ]ι. Its anaphoric use with the article (as Mt 123° etc.) may be seen in 7b. 1208): (B.c. 27-6)tva δὲ εἰδῇς τὸ ὄρθριον (‘* “sein Morgengruss,’ = seine erste Tat” says Schubart) τοῦ ἀνθρώ(που), πέπομφά σοι ἣν τέθειται μίσθωσιν. This particular instance may perhaps serve as an illustration of ‘‘ the adjunct notion of contempt (Jn 522),” on which Grimm remarks (1.¢.). Under the same heading, with commiseration instead of contempt, will come πρεσβύτης ἄνθρωπός εἰμι in I Strass 1. 4140 (A.p. 250). In the edict of Caracalla, P Giss I. gol® (A.D. 212-5) ὁσΊ]άκις ἐὰν ὑ[π]ενσέλθ[ωσῆιν els τοὺς ἐμοὺς ἀν[θρ]ώπους the ps ff avontos editor notes the tone as characteristic of his dynasty. The general sense in the plural may be illustrated by Sy// 4241 (A.D. 361-3) τὸν γῆς Kal θαλάσσης καὶ παντὸς ἀνθρώπων ἔθνους δεσπότην οἵ the brief Emperor Julianus, 24, 8907? (ii/A.D.) of a series of diseases kJa[t] ὅσα κακὰ κ[αὶ πάθη ἀνθρώποις γίγνεται.

ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos) — a human. ἄνθρωπος, ἡ, Attic dialect crasis ἅνθρωπος, Ionic dialect ὥνθρωπος, for ὁ ἄνθρ-:— man, both as a generic term and of individuals, [Refs 8th c.BC+], opposed to gods, ἀθανάτων τε θεῶν χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων τ᾽ ἀνθρώπων[Refs 8th c.BC+]; πρὸς ἠοίων ἢ ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων the men of the east or of the west, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; even of the dead in the Isles of the Blest,[Refs 5th c.BC+]

2. [Refs 5th c.BC+] uses it both with and without the Article to denote man generically, ὁ ἄ. θείας μετέσχε μοίρας[Refs]; ὁ ἄ. the ideal man, humanity, ἀπώλεσας τὸν ἄ., οὐκ ἐπλήρωσας τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν[Refs 2nd c.AD+]

3. in plural, mankind, ἀνθρώπων.. ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ γυναικῶν[Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐξἀνθρώπων γίγνεσθαι depart this life, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]

3. b joined with a superlative to increase its force, δεινότατον τῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἁπάντων[Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὁ ἄριστος ἐν ἀνθρώποις ὄρτυξ the best quail in the world, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; frequently without a preposition, μάλιστα, ἥκιστα ἀνθρώπων, most or least of all, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἄριστά γ᾽ ἀ., ὀρθότατα ἀ., [Refs]

3. c τὰ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων πράγματα 'all the trouble in the world',[Refs 5th c.BC+]

4. joined with another substantive, like{ἀνήρ}, ἄ. ὁδίτης [Refs 8th c.BC+]; with names of nations, πόλις Μερόπων ἀνθρώπων[Refs]; in Attic dialect frequently in a contemptuous sense, ἄ. ὑπογραμματεύς, ἄ. γόης, ἄ. συκοφάντης, [NT+5th c.BC+]

5. ἅνθρωπος or ὁ ἄνθρωπος alone, the man, the fellow, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; with a sense of pity, [Refs 4th c.BC+]

6. in the vocative frequently in a contemptuous sense, as when addressed to slaves, etc., ἄνθρωπε or ὤνθρωπε sirrah! you sir! [Refs 5th c.BC+]; simply, brother, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]

7. slave, ἂν ἄ. ᾖ[Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὁ ἄ. τῆς ἁμαρτίας or ἀνομίας[NT]; but τιθέναι τινὰ ἐν ἀνθρώποις make a man of, of a freed slave, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]

8. ἄ. ἄ. any one, Hebraism in [LXX]; ἄ. like [Refs 1st c.BC+] man 'one', [NT]

9. in Medicine texts, name of a plaster, ἡ διὰ σάνδυκος ἄ. καλουμένη[Refs 6th c.AD+]

II. as feminine, woman, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; contemptuously, of female slaves, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; with a sense of pity, [Refs 4th c.BC+] —Prop. opposed to θηρίον, compare ἀνή; but opposed to γυνή, [LXX+4th c.BC+]