ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν (μὴ γνόντα is said agreeably to the judgment of ὁ ποιήσας), 2 Co. ν. 21 (τὸν οὐ γνόντα would be equiv. to ἀγνοοῦντα). in predictions, where it expresses the opinion of those who predict: ἔσῃ σιωπῶν καὶ μὴ δυνάμενος λαλῆσαι, Lk. i. 20; ἔσῃ τυφλὸς μὴ βλέπων, Acts xiii. 11. where the writer or speaker does ποῦ regard the thing itself so much as the thought of the thing, which he wishes to remove from the mind of the reader or hearer (Klotz ad Devar. ii. 2 p. 666), — to be rendered without ete. (Germ. ohne zu with inf.) [ef. B. § 148, 7 b.]: ἐξῆλθε μὴ ἐπιστάμενος, ποῦ ἔρχεται, Heb. xi. 8; add, Mt. xxii. 12; Lk. xiii. 11 [(but ef. B. § 148, 7¢.)]; Acts v. 7; xx. 22; Heb.ix.9. where the participles have a conditional, causal, or concessive force, and may be resolved into clauses introduced by if, on condition that, etc. : θερίσομεν μὴ ἐκλυόμενοι, Gal. vi. 9; μὴ ὄντος νόμου, Ro. v. 13; although: νόμον μὴ ἔχοντες, Ro. ii. 14: μὴ ὧν αὐτὸς ὑπὸ νόμον, 1 Co. ix. 20 [Ree.om.]; we have both the negative particles in ὃν οὐκ εἰδύτες [or (with LT Tr WH) ἰδόντες] . . . μὴ ὁρῶντες, whom being ignorant of (in person) [or (ace. to crit. txt.) not having seen]... although now not seeing, 1 Pet. i. 8; also with the article: τὰ μὴ νόμον ἔχοντα (Germ. die doch nicht haben, they that have not, etc.), Ro. ii. 14; ὁ δὲ μὴ yeveadoyoupevos, but he, although not ete. Heb. vii. 6 ;— or since, because, inasmuch as: μὴ ἀσθενήσας τῇ πίστει ov [but GLT Tr WH om. ov; ef. B. § 148, 14] κατενόησε τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σῶμα νενεκρωμ. (οὐκ ἀσθενήσας would be equiv. to δυνατός, strong), Ro. iv. 19; πῶς οὗτος γράμματα οἶδε μὴ μεμαθηκώς ; since he has not learned [W. 488 (450)], Jn. vii. 15; add, Mt. xviii. 25; xxii. 25, 29; Lk. ii. 45; vii. 30; xi. 24; xii. 47; xxiv. 93; Actsix.26; xvii.6; xxi. 34; xxvii. 7; 2 Co. iii. 14; v.19; also with the article: ὁ μὴ γινώσκων τὸν νόμον, since it knoweth not the law, Jn. vii. 49; add, Jude 5. d. where (with the ptep.) it can be resolved by (being) such (a person) as not, ofsucha sort as not: μὴ ζητῶν τὸ ἐμαυτοῦ σύμφορον, 1 Co. x. 33; add, Actsix.9; Gal.iv.8. neut. plur. as subst.: τὰ μὴ ὄντα, Ro. iv. 17; τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα, Heb. xii. 27; τὰ μὴ δέοντα, 1 Tim. v.13; τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα, Ro. i. 28; 2 Mace. vi. 4, (on the other hand, in ra οὐκ ἀνήκοντα, Eph. v. 4 [where L T Tr WH 4 οὐκ ἀνῆκεν], the οὐκ coalesces with ἀνήκοντα and forms a single idea, unseemly, unlawful). 6. in independent sentences of forbidding, dehorting, admonishing, desiring, etc., μή is Prohibitive (cf. W.§ 56,1), Lat. ne, not; a. with the 1 pers. plur. of the subjunc. present: μὴ γινώμεθα κενόδοξοι, Gal. ν. 26; add, Gal. vi. 9; 1 Th. v.6; 1 Jn. 111. 18; aorist: Jn. xix. 24; before the word depending on the exhortation, 1 Co. v. 8. b. with a present imperative, generally where one is bidden to cease from something already begun, or repeated, or continued: Mt. vi. 16,19; vii.1; xix.6; Mk. ix. 39; xili.11; Lk. vi. 30; Vii. 6,13; viii. 49, 52; χ. 4, 7, 20; Jn. ii. 16; v. 28, 45; vi.43; vil. 24; xiv.1,27; xix.21; Actsx.15; xi.9; xx. 10; Ro. vi. 12; xi. 18, 20; xii. 2 [here L Trmrg. WH mrg. give the inf.],14; 1 Co. vi.9; vii.5; 2Co. vi. 14,17; Gal. v.1; vi. 7; Eph. iv. 30; Col. iii. 9,19, 21; 1 Th. v. 19; 2 Th. iii. 15; 1 Tim.iv.14; v. 16,19; Heb. xii. 5; xili.2; Jas.i.7,16; 1 Pet.iv. 12,15 sq.; 1Jn.ii. 15; iii. 13; Rey. v. 5, and very often. ο. with the third person (nowhere in the N. T. with the second) of the aorist impv. where the prohibition relates to something not to be begun, and where things about to be done are forbidden : μὴ ἐπιστρεψάτω, Mt. xxiv. 18; Lk. xvii. 31; μὴ καταβάτω, Mk. xiii. 15, and L T Tr WH in Mt. xxiv. 17 (where RG badly καταβαινέτω); μὴ γνώτω, Mt. vi. 3; γενέσθω [but T Tr WH γινέσθω], Lk. xxii. 42; ef. Xen. Cyr. 7,5, 73; Aeschyl. Sept. ce. Theb. 1036. d. asin the more elegant Grk. writ. where future things are forbidden (cf. Herm. ad Vig. p. 807), with the 2 pers. of the aorist subjunctive: μὴ δόξητε, Mt. 111. 9; v.17; μὴ φοβηθῆς, Mt.i. 20; x. 26,31 [here L T Tr WH pres. impv. φοβεῖσθε), (alternating with the impv. pres. φοβεῖσθε in Mt. x. 28 [GL TTr]); μὴ ayy, Col. ii. 21; μὴ ἀποστραois, Mt. v. 42; μὴ κτήσησθε, Mt. x. 9; add, Mt. vi. 2, 7, 18,31; Mk.v.7; x.19; Lk. vi. 29; viii. 28; xiv.8; Jn. iii. 7; Acts vii.60; Ro. x.6; 1Co.xvi.11; 2 Co. xi. 16; 2 Th. ii. 3, [in the last three exx. with the third pers., contrary to W. 502 (467)]; 1 Tim.v.1; 2 Tim.i. 8; Rev. vi. 6; x. (μὴ γράψης. for ἔμελλον γράφειν precedes ; but in Jn. xix. 21 μὴ γράφε is used, because Pilate had already written); Rev. xi. 2; xxii. 10,and very often. We have the impv. pres. and the aor. subj. together in Lk. x.4; Acts xviii. 9. 6. with the 2 pers. of the present subjunc. : μὴ σκληρύνητε, Heb. iii. 8, 15, (a rare constr. though not wholly unknown to Grk. writ. [“ more than doubtful” (L. and S. s. y. A. I.2)]; see Delitzsch on the latter passage, and Schaefer ad Greg. Corinth. p. 1005 sq.; [Soph. Lex. s.v-py. Others regard the above exx.as subjune. aorist; ef. 2 K. ii. 10; Is. lsiii.17; Jer. xvii. 23; xix.15,ete.]). ἢ. with the optative, in wishes: in that freq. formula μὴ γένοιτο, far be it! see γίνομαι, 3 ἃ.; μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη, 2 Tim. iv. 16 (Job xxvii. 5). 11. As a Consunction, Lat. ne with the subjunetive ; 1. our that, that not or lest, (cf. W. § 56, 2; [B. § 139, 48 sq.; Goodwin § 46]); after verbs of fe aring, caution, ete. a. with the subjunc. present, where one fears lest something now exists and at the same time indicates that he is ignorant whether it is so or not (Hermann on Soph. Aj. 272): ἐπισκοποῦντες, μὴ . . ἐνοχλῇ, Heb. xii. 15. b. with the subjune. aorist, of things which may occur immediately or very soon: preceded by an aor., εὐλαβηθεὶς (LT Tr WH φοβηθεὶς) μὴ διασπασθῆ. Acts xxiii. 10; by a pres.: φοβοῦμαι, Acts xxvii. 17; βλέπω, Mt. xxiv. 4; Mk. xiii. δ; Lk. xxi. 8; Acts xiii. 40; 1 Co. x. 12; Gal. v. 15; Heb. xii. 25; σκοπέω ἐμαυτόν, Gal. vi. 1 [B. 243 (209) would refer this to 2 Ὁ. below; cf. Goodwin p. 66]; ὁράω, Mt. xviii. 10; 1 Th. v. 15; elliptically, ὅρα μή (sc. τοῦτο ποιήσῃς [οἵ. W. § 64, 7 a.; B. 395 (338)]): Rev. xix. 10; xxii. 9. ο. with the indicative fut. (as being akin to the subjune. [ef. gram. reff. at the beginning]): φοβοῦμαι. μὴ ταπεινώσει pe ὁ θεός pov, 2 Co. xii. 20 sq. [L txt. T Tr]; add, Col. ii. 8. 2h in order that not (Lat. eo consilio ne) ; a. with the optative: τῶν στρατιωτῶν βουλὴ ἐγένετο, ἵνα τοὺς δεσμώτας ἀποκτείνωσι, μή τις . -- διαφύγοι, Acts xxvii. 42 Rec. (the more elegant Greek to express the thought and purpose of the soldiers; but the best codd. read διαφύγῃ, which GLT Tr WH have adopted). b. with the subjunctive aor.: preceded by the pres., Mk. xiii. 36; 2 Co. viii. 20 [ef. Goodwin § 43 Rem.]; xii. 6; Col. ii. 4 (where LT Tr WH iva μηδείς for R G μή τις [—an oversight ; in R Gas well as in the recent crit. edd. the purpose is expressed by an inserted iva]). III. As an INTERROGATIVE particle it is used when a negative answer is expected, Lat. num; (W.§ 57, 3b.; [B. 248 (213)]); 1. ina direct question: Mt. vii. 9sq.; ix.15; Mk.ii.19; Lk. xvii. 9; Jn. iii. 4; iv. 12, 33; vi. 67; vii. 35, 51 sq.; Acts vii. 28; Ro. iii. 3; ix. 20; 1Co.i.13; ix. 8 sq.3 x. 22; Jas. 11. [1 WH], 14; iii. 12, ete. ; μὴ γάρ (see yap, I.), Jn. vii. 41; μὴ οὐκ (where οὐκ belongs to the verb, and μή is interrogative), Ro. x. 18 sq.; 1 Co. ix. 4 sq.; μὴ yap . - - ov, 1 Co. xi. 22. 2. inan indirect question with the indicative (Germ. ob etwa, ob wohl, whether possibly, whether perchance), where in admonishing another we intimate that possibly the case is as we fear [cf. B. ὃ 139,57; W.§ 41 b.4a.]: Lk. xi. 35, ef. B. 243 (209); Ast, Lex. Plat. ii. p. 334 sq.; [Riddell, Plato’s Apol. Digest of Idioms §§ 137, 138]. IV. The particles οὐ μή in combination augment the force of the negation, and signify not at all, in no wise, by no means; (this formula arose from the fuller expressions οὐ δεινόν or δέος or φόβος, μή, which are still found sometimes in Grk. auth., cf. Kiihner ii. § 516, 9 p- 773 sq.; but so far was this origin of the phrase lost sight of that od μή is used even of things not at all to be feared, but rather to be desired; so in the N. T. in Mt. y. 18, 26; xviii. 3; Lk. xviii. 17; xxii. 16; Jn. iv. 48; xx. 25; 1Th.v.3); οἵ. Matthiae § 517; Kiihner ii. p. 775; Bnhdy. p. 402 sqq.; [Gildersleeve in the Amer. Jour. of Philol. for 1882, p. 202 sq.; Goodwin § 89]; W. § 56, 3; μήγε Β. 211 (183) sq.]. 1. with the fut. indicative: οὐ μὴ ἔσται σοι τοῦτο, this shall never be unto thee, Mt. xvi. 22; add, Mt. xxvi.35; Lk. xxii. 34 RGL; x. 19 (where R*G WH ore. ἀδικήσῃ) ; In. vi. 35 [here L Trmrg. πεινάσει, and LT Tr WH διψήσει]; xiii. 38 RG; Mk. xiii. 31 T Tr WH; Heb. x. 17 LTTr WH; in many passages enumerated by W. 506 (472); [cf. B. 212 (183)], the manuscripts vary between the indic. fut. and the subjune. aor. Ina question, οὐ μὴ ποιήσει τὴν ἐκδίκησιν ; Lk. xviii. 7 RG. 2. with the aor. subjunctive (the use of which in the N. T. scarcely differs from that of the fut.; ef. W. § 56, 3; [B. § 139, 7]), in confident assertions : —subjunc. of the 1 aor., Mt. xxiv. 2; Mk. xiii. 2; Lk. vi. 37; Jn. xiii. 8; Heb. viii. 12; 1 Pet. ii. 6; Rev. ii. 11; vii. 16; xviii. 21, 22, 23; xxi. 27,etc.; 1 aor. mid. subj., Jn. viii. 52 (where Rec. γεύσεται) ; thus these N. T. exx. prove that Dawes made a great mistake in denying (in his Miscellanea Critica, p. 221 sqq. [ed. (Th. Kidd) 2, p. 408 sq.]) that the first aor. subjunc. is used after οὐ μή; [cf. Goodwin in Transactions of Am. Philol. Assoc. for 1869-70, pp. 46-55; L. and S. 5. v. οὐ μή, 1. 1b.; B. § 139, 8]; —subjune. of 2 aor., Mt. v. 18, 20, 26; Mk. x. 15; LE. 1.15; xii. 59; Jn. x. 28; xi. 26; 1 Co: viii. 13; Heb. xiii. 5; Rev. iii. 3[RGLTrmrg. WH txt.], and often. in questions: with 1 aor., Lk. xviii. 7 LT Tr WH; Rey. xv. 4 (in LT Tr WH with the subj. aor. and the fut.); with 2 aor., Jn. xviii.11. in declarations introduced by ὅτε: with 1 aor., 1 Th. iv. 15; with 2 aor., Mt. xxiv. 34 [here RG Tom. ὅτι); xxvi. 29 [LT TrWH om. ὅτι); Lk. xiii. 35 [T WHom.Lbr. ὅτι]; xxii. 16; Jn. xi. 56; in relative clauses: with 1 aor., Mt. xvi. 28; Mk. ix.1; Acts xiii.41; Ro.iv.8; with 2 aor., Lk. xviii. 30. 3. with the present subjunc. (as sometimes in Grk. auth., ef. W. 507 (473)): οὐδὲ od μή σε ἐγκαταλείπω. Heb. xiii. 5 Tdf. (for ἐγκαταλίπω Rec. et al.), [ef. B. 213 (184)].

ὑπέρ hyper 150x

(1) gen., above, over; met. in behalf of, Mt. 5:44; Mk. 9:40; Jn. 17:19; instead of beneficially, Phlm. 13; in maintenance of, Rom. 15:8; for the furtherance of, Jn. 11:4; 2 Cor. 1:6, 8; for the realization of, Phil. 2:13; equivalent to περί, about, concerning, with the further signification of interest or concern in the subject, Acts 5:41; Rom. 9:27; 2 Cor. 5:12; 8:23; 2 Thess. 2:1. (2) acc., over, beyond; met. beyond, more than, Mt. 10:37; 2 Cor. 1:8; used after comparative terms, Lk. 16:8; 2 Cor. 12:13; Heb. 4:12. (3) in NT as an adv., in a higher degree, in fuller measure, 2 Cor. 11:23

ὑπέρ (when following subst.—poët.—ὕπερ; so as adv., II Co 11:23), prep. c. gen., acc.

C. gen., primarily of place (rest or motion), over, above, across, beyond, hence, metaph., for, on behalf of: of prayer, Mt 5:44, Ac 8:24, Ro 10:1, Ja 5:16, al.; of laying down life, Jo 10:11, Ro 9:3, al.; esp. of Christ giving his life for man's redemption, Mk 14:24, Jo 10:15, Ac 21:13, Ro 5:6-8, al.; opp. to κατά, Mk 9:40, Lk 9:50, Ro 8:31.

Causal, for, because of, for the sake of: c. gen. pers., Ac 5:41, Ro 1:5, Phl 1:29, II Co 12:10, al.; c. gen. rei, Jo 11:4, Ro 15:8, II Co 1:6, al.

= ἀντί (v. M, Pr., 105), for, instead of, in the name of : I Co 15:29, II Co 5:15, 21 Ga 3:13, Col 1:7, Phm 13 (cf. Field, Notes, 225).

In more colourless sense, = περί (M, Pr., l.c.), for, concerning, with regard to: Ro 9:27, II Co 1:6 8:23 12:8, Phl 1:7, II Th 2:1, al.

C. acc., primarily of place, over, beyond, across, hence, metaph., of measure or degree in excess, above, beyond, over, more than: Mt 10:24, 37 Lk 6:40, Ac 26:13, I Co 10:13, II Co 1:8, Eph 1:22 3:20, Phm 16, al.; after comparatives = than (Jg 11:25, al.), Lk 16:8, He 4:12.

As adv. (v. supr. ad init.), more: ὕπερ ἐγώ, I more, II Co 11:23; in compounds, v.s. ὑπεράνω, ὑπερλίαν, ὑπερπερισσῶς.

In composition: over (ὑπεραίρω), beyond (ὑπερβάλλω), more (ὐπερνικάω), on behalf of (ὐπερεντυγχάνω).

Ir has been often claimed, and in the interests of an all-important truth, namely the vicarious character of the sacrifice of the death of Christ, that in such passages as Met. 4i;-93 Tit. i. 14: 1 Tim. 11. 6; Gal. 111: 13+ Luke REM 19, 203 1 Pet. 11. 21: 11.133 iv.1; Rom. v.38; John x. 15, in all of which Christ is said to have died ὑπὲρ πάντων, UTEP ἡμῶν, ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων, and the like, ὑπέρ shall be accepted as equipollent with ἀντί. And then, it is further urged that, as ἀντί is the preposition first of equivalence (Homer, Jl. ix. 116, 117) and then of exchange (1 Cor. xi. 15; Heb. xii. 2, 16; Matt. v. 38), ὑπέρ must in all those passages be regarded as having the same force. Each of these, it is evident, would thus become a dictum probans for a truth, in itself most vital, namely that Christ suffered, not merely on our behalf and for our good, but also in our stead, and bearing that penalty of our sins which we otherwise must ourselves have borne. Now, though some have denied, we must yet accept as eertain that ὑπέρ has sometimes this meaning. Thus in the Gorgias.of Plato, 515 c, ἐγὼ ὑπὲρ σοῦ ἀποκρινοῦμαι, “1 312 SYNONYMS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. δχχΧη, will answer in your stead ;? compare Xenophon, Anab. vii. 4.9: ἐθέλοις ἂν ὑπὲρ τούτου ἀποθανεῖν ; ‘Wouldst thou die instead of this lad?’ as the context and the words εἰ παίσειεν αὐτὸν ἀντὶ ἐκείνου make abundantly manifest ; Thucydides, i. 141; Euripides, Alcestis, 712; Poiybius, iii. 67. 7; Philem. 13; and perhaps I Cor. xv. 29; but it is not less certain that in passages far more numerous ὑπέρ means no more than, on behalf of, for the good of ; thus Matt. v. 44; John xiii. 37; 1 Tim. ii. 1, and continually. It must be admitted to follow from this, that had we in the Scripture only statements to the effect that Christ died ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, that He tasted death ὑπὲρ παντός, it would be impossible to draw from these any irrefragable proof that his death was vicarious, He dying in our stead, and Himself bearing on his Cross our sins and the penalty of our sins; however we might find it, as no doubt we do, elsewhere (Isai. lili. 4-6). It is only as having other declarations, to the effect that Christ died ἀντὶ πολλῶν (Matt. xx. 28), gave Himself as an ἀντί λυτρον (1 Tim. ii. 6), and bringing those other to the interpretation of these, that we obtain a perfect right to claim such declarations of Christ’s death for us as.also declarations of his death in our stead. And in them beyond doubt the preposition ὑπέρ is the rather employed, that it may embrace both these meanings, and express how Christ died at once for our sakes (here it touches more nearly on the meaning of περί, Matt. xxvi. 28; Mark xiv. 24; 1 Pet. iii. 18; διά also once occurring in this connexion, I Cor. viii. 11), and in our stead; while ἀντί would only have expressed the last of these. , Tischendorf, in his little treatise, Doctrina Pauli de Vi Mortis Christi Satisfactorid, has some excellent remarks on this matter, which I will quote, though what has been just said has anticipated them in part: ‘ Fuerunt, qui ex sola naturé et usu prepositionis ὑπέρ demonstrare conarentur, Paulum docuisse satisfactionem Christi vicariam ; δΊχχχπι. SYNONYMS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. 313 alii rursus negarunt prepositionem ὑπέρ a N. Test. auctoribus recte positam esse pro ἀντί, inde probaturi contrarium. Peccatum utrimque est. Sola preepositio utramque pariter adjuvat sententiarum partem; pariter, inquam, utramque. Namque in promptu sunt, contra perplurium opinionem, desumta ex multis veterum Grecorum scriptoribus loca, quee preepositioni ὑπέρ significatum, loco, vice, alicujus plane vindicant, atque ipsum Paulum eodem significatu eam usurpasse, et quidem in locis, quee ad nostram rem non pertinent, nemini potest esse dubium (cf. Philem. 13; 2 Cor. v. 20; 1 Cor. xv. 29). Siautem queritur, cur hac potissimum prepositione incerti et fluctuantis significattis in re tam gravi usus sit Apostolus—inest in ipsd pr™positione quo sit aptior reliquis ad describendam Christi mortem pro nobis oppetitam. Etenim in hoc versari rei summam, quod Christus mortuus sit in commodum hominum, nemo negat; atque id quidem factum est ita, ut moreretur hominum loco. Pro conjuncta significatione et commodi et vicarii preclare ab Apostolo adhibita est prepositio ὑπέρ. Itaque rectissime, ut solet, contendit Winerus noster, non licere nobis in gravibus locis, ubi de morte Christi agatur, prepositionem ὑπέρ simpliciter = ἀντί sumere. Est enim plane Latinorum pro, nostrum /iir. Quotiescunque Paulus Christum pro nobis mortuum esse docet, ab ips4 notione vicarii non disjunctam esse voluit notionem commodi, neque umquam ab hic, quamvis perquam aperta sit, excludi illam in ista formula, jure meo dico.’”

ὑπέρ. From its original locative meaning ‘‘ over” (as in P Par 1145 (B.C. 117) τὰ μὲν ὑπὲρ [γῆς], ταῦθ᾽ ὑπὸ γῆς), ὑπέρ came to be applied in a variety of ways. I. c. gen. (a) = ‘‘for,” ‘‘on behalf of,” ‘‘in the place of”: P Tebt I. 6% (B.c, 140-139) ἐπιτ]ελεῖν τὰ νομιζόμενα τοῖς θεοῖς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν Kal τῶν τ[έκ]νων, ‘to pay the customary offerings to the gods on behalf of us and our children” (Edd.), P Oxy IV. 743°° (B.c. 2) συνπροσγενέσθαι αὐτῶι ὡς ἀνθομολογη(σομένῳ᾽ ὑπέρ cov οὕτως ὡς ὑπίέρ) pov, ‘‘stand by him, as he will agree in everything for you just as for me”’ (Edd.), and BGU I. 246} (ii/iii a..) γυκτὸς Kal ἡμέρας ἐντυνχάνω TO θεῷ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν. Cf. also crane, ὑπερ with Mk 9*° the Christian P Iand I. 168 (v/vi A.D.) τὸ νόμιμον ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἐστιν, and with 1 Cor 152% A/iche/ 1001: 10 (will of Epicteta—c. B.C. 200) τοῦ kal κατασκεναξαμένου τὸ μουσεῖον ὑπὲρ τοῦ μεταλλαχότος ἁμῶν υἱοῦ Κρατησιλόχου. From this it is an easy transition to ὑπέρ in a substitutionary sense, as when one man writes a letter for another, seeing that he is unable to write it for himself, e.g. P Tebt I. 104° (B.C. 92) ἔγραψεν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ Διονύσιος “Eppatσκίου ὃ προγεγραμμένος διὰ τῇδ αὐτὸν μὴ ἐπίστασθ[αι γρά]μματα, 7). II. 3735 (A.b. 110-1Ὲ γέϊγραφα ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ φάσίκοντος μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα. will be found s.v. ἀγράμματος, and see A. T. Robertson in Exp VIII. xviii. p. 321 ff., where the bearing of this use of ὑπέρ upon certain theological statements in the NT is discussed. Note also P Oxy IV. 72275 (A.D. ΟἹ or 107) οὐκ ἐξόντος τῷ *Ax[UAet οὐδ᾽ ἄλλῳ ὑἹπὲρ αὐτοῦ ἀπαίτησιν ποιεῖσθαι] ἧς τῶν προκει[μ]ένων λύτρων, where ὑ]Ἱπὲρ αὐτοῦ seems to imply acting in his name or on his behalf (cf. Wenger 12), and BGU I. 36rit1” (a.p. 184) Φιλώτας ῥήτωρ ὑπὲρ Κασίου εἶπεν. , .: cf. Jn 115%, Gal 315, Philem?*. (b) = ‘‘concerning,’’ ‘‘about,” ‘‘as to,” a somewhat colourless use of ὑπέρ, by which it is equivalent to little more than περί, for which it is often a v./, in MSS. of the NT (see s.v. mept) : P Par 45? (B.c. 152) (= UPZi. p. 329) ἀπόντος μου πεφρόντικα ὑπὲρ σοῦ χρήσιμα τῶν σῶν πραγμάτων, P Tebt I. 6% (B.c. 140-139) καθάπερ οὖν καὶ πρί[ό]τεροῖν] προστετάχαμεν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀνηκόντων τοῖς tepo[ts κομίζεσθαι, ““ἴπ accordance therefore with our previous ordinance concerning the dues which belong to the temples ᾿᾿ (Edd.), 24. I. 194 (B.c. 114) ὑπὲρ ὧν ἐσήμαινες πέμψαι γεωργῶν ἀπροσδέητοί ἐσμεν, ‘‘as for the cultivators whom you said you were sending, I do not require them” (Edd.), similarly 9, P Goodsp Cairo 45 (ii/B.c.) (= Se/ections, p- 24) ὑπὲρ av ἠβουλόμεθα, ἀπεστάλκαμεν πρὸς σέ Γλαυκίαν, “45 regards those things we wished, we have sent to you Glaucias,’’ and OG/S 559 (B.c. 311) ὑπὲρ δὴ τούτων καὶ γράψαι μοι ἐδόκει, 90%! (Rosetta-stone—B.C. 196) φροντίζων ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀνηκόντων εἰς] αὐτὰ διὰ παντός. Other exx. Stelluertretung, pThe preposition is common also in connexion with payments, e.g. P Eleph 5 vectol® (B.c. 284-3) ἐλογισάμην πρὸς “Eppaydpav ὑπὲρ τοῦ οἴνου, P Oxy IV. 745? (c. A.D. 1) ὑπὲρ ὧν καὶ ἔθου χειρόγραφον, ‘for which (a purchase of wine) you drew me a bond,” 24. IT. 278° (hire of a mill—a.p. 17) ὑπὲρ] τοῦ σημ[αι]Ἱνομένου μύλου ἑκάστου μ[ηνὸ]ς ἀργ[υρί]ου δραχμὰς δύο τριώβολ(ον), 0. III. 5227 (ii/A.p.) ὑπίὲρ) μισθίοῦ) ἐργίατῶν) (δραχμαὶ) ta, 2. 5145 (A.D. 190-1) ἔσχον παρ᾽ ὑμῶν ὑπὲρ ὀψωνίου ἀργυ(ρίου) (δραχμὰς) v, “1 have received from you as my salary 400 drachmae” (Edd.), and P Iand 377 (v/vi A.D.) ὑπὲρ συνηθείας τοῦ ῥιπαρί(ίου) with the editor’s note. For the stronger ἀντί in connexion with the metaphor of purchase, cf. Mk τοῦδ (= Mt 2078) λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν with 1 Tim 2° ἀντίλυτρον ὑπὲρ πάντων : see Proleg. p. 105. 2. ἃ. acc. = “‘over,” ‘‘above,’’ ‘“‘ beyond,” lit. and metaph.: P Hib I. 387 (B.c. 252-1) τῶν συρίων ὑπὲρ τὴν σκηνὴ[ν] οὐσῶν, “ the Syrian cloths being above the cabin” (Edd.), P Petr III. 6(2)*" (n.c. 236) ὑπὲρ ὀφρὺν δεξιάν, P Tor IT. 87° (B.c. 119) ὑπὲρ ἑαυτὸν φρονῶν, P Flor I. 86+

ὑπέρ (huper) — above/for. ὑπέρ [ῠ], Epic dialect also ὑπείρ, used by [Refs 8th c.BC+] ὁπέρ (which see): in Aeolic dialect replaced by περί (see. περί [Refs 4th c.BC+] also dative (Cf. Sanskrit upaári 'above', Gothic ufar, O[Refs 5th c.BC+] ofer 'over':—from it are formed the comparative and superlative ὑπέρτερος, -τατος, also adverb ὕπερθεν, and Nouns ὑπέρα, ὕπερος.) __A WITH GENIT., __A.I of Place, over; __A.I.1 in a state of rest, over, above, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; χιτωνίσκους ἐνεδεδύκεσαν ὑ. γονάτων not reaching to the knees, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; στῆ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὑ. κεφαλῆς stood over his head as he lay asleep, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὑ. κεφαλῆς οἱ ἐγίνετο διεξελαύνοντι over head, i. e. over the gateway, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ ὑ. κεφαλῆς the higher ground, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Ἰονίας ὑ. ἁλὸς οἰκέων on the Ionian sea, i.e. on its shores, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: of relative geographical position, above, farther inland, οἰκέοντες ὑ. Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ μεσόγαιαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]: in Hellenistic Gr. the accusative is commoner in this sense, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.1.b of ships at sea, off a place, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.2 in a state of motion, over, across, κῦμα νηὸς ὑ. τοίχων καταβήσεται [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκκυβιστᾶν ὑ. [τῶν ξιφῶν] [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.I.3 over, beyond, ἐν Κρήτῃ εὐρείῃ τηλοῦ ὑ. πόντου [Refs 8th c.BC+] __A.II metaphorically, in defence of, on behalf of, τεῖχος ἐτειχίσσαντο νεῶν ὕ. [Refs 8th c.BC+]: generally, for the prosperity or safety of, τὰ ἱερὰ ὑ. τῆς Εὐβοίας θῦσαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; in dedications (always with reference to living persons), Σμικύθη μ᾽ ἀνέθηκεν.. εὐξαμένη.. ὑ. παίδων καὶ ἑαυτῆς [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; εὑδόντων ὕ. φρούρημα [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὑ. τινὸς κινδυνεύειν, μάχεσθαι, βοηθεῖν, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀμυνῶ ὑ. ἱερῶν καὶ ὁσίων Jusj. cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πάνθ᾽ ὑ. ὑμῶν φανήσεται πράξας Χαβρίας, καὶ τὴν τελευτὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ βίου πεποιημένος οὐχ ὑ. ἄλλου τινός in your interests, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of things sought, ὑ. τοῦ νεκροῦ ὠθισμὸς ἐγένετο πολύς [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀφίκετο ὑ. γενεᾶς, ὑ. φωνᾶς, ὑ. τοῦ θησαυροῦ, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; γίνωσκέ με πεπορεῦσθαι εἰς Ἡρακλέους πόλιν ὑ. τῆς οἰκίας [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; sometimes even of the thing to be averted, ἱκέσιον λόχον δουλοσύνας ὕ. about slavery, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.II.2 for, instead of, in the name of, ὑ. ἑαυτοῦ τι προϊδεῖν on his own behalf, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑ. Ζήνωνος πράσσων as Zeno's representative, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἔγραψεν ὑ. αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ φάσκειν αὐτοὺς μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; θεάσασθε ὃν τρόπον ὑμεῖς ἐστρατηγηκότες πάντ᾽ ἔσεσθ᾽ ὑ. Φιλίππου as though by commission from P., [Refs 4th c.BC+]; so in other dialects with accusative, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II.3 in adjurations, with verbs of entreaty, entreat one as representative of another, τῶν ὕ. ἐνθάδ᾽ ἐγὼ γουνάζομαι οὐ παρεόντων, i. e. I entreat you as they would if they were here, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; then more metaphorically, by, λίσσομ᾽ ὑ. ψυχῆς (as you value your life) καὶ γούνων σῶν τε τοκήων [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὑ. ξενίου λίσσεται ὔμμε Διός in the name of Zeus, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; so Aeolic dialect περ (see. περί [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.II.4 of the cause or motive, for, because of, by reason of, ἀλγέων ὕ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of punishment or reward, for, on account of, τοῖσιν ἄγουσιν κλαύμαθ᾽ ὑπάρξει βραδυτῆτος ὕ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀτῆθθαι ὑ. τῶ πατρὸς τὰ πατρώϊα the father's property shall pay the fine for the father, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; τοῦτον (i.e. a runaway slave) ὃς ἂν ἀναγάγῃ, λήψεται ὅσα καὶ ὑ. τοῦ προγεγραμμένου [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; τὸ κατεσκευασμένον ὑ. τῆς ἡμετέρας σωτηρίας Ἰσιδεῖον as a thank-offering for.., [Refs 1st c.BC+]; ὑ. ὧν ἐτιμήσαμεν αὐτοὺς ταῖς μεγίσταις τιμαῖς [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of payment, ἡμιωβέλιον ὑ. ἑκάστου [Refs]; μέτρησον Ποσειδωνίῳ ὑ. Ἡρακλείδου on account of H., i.e. debiting H.'s account, [Refs 1st c.BC+]; μετρήσω ὑ. σοῦ εἰς τὸ δημόσιον for the credit of your account, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ὑ. λαογραφίας [Refs 1st c.AD+]; ὑ. λόγου ἀννώνης [Refs 3rd c.AD+]; ὑ. ὧν ἔμαθεν καταβαλεῖν μισθόν [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __A.II.5 ὑ. τοῦ μή with infinitive, for the purpose of preventing or avoiding, ὑ. τοῦ μηδένα.. βιαίῳ θανάτῳ ἀποθνῄσκειν [Refs 5th c.BC+] for the sake of, ὑ. τοῦτοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπιτάττειν ἐθέλειν ἀποθνῄσκειν to be ready to die for the sake of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]: this construction is found also in signification [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.III concerning, ὑ. σέθεν αῐσχε᾽ ἀκούω [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὰ λεγόμενα ὑ. ἑκάστων variant in [Refs 4th c.BC+]; διαλεχθῆναι, ἀγορεύειν ὑ. τινός, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων τοσαῦτά μοι εἰρήσθω, ὑ. ὧν δέ μοι προσήκει λέγειν.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; βουλευομένων ὑ. τοῦ ποίαν τινὰ [εἰρήνην ποιητέον] [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἐνεκάλουν ὑ. σύκων [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἐπεδώκαμέν σοι ὑπόμνημα ὑ. τοῦ μὴ εἰληφέναι τὴν.. ὄλυραν [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; συλλαλήσαντες ὑ. τοῦ τὴν πόλιν ἐνδοῦναι τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; θροῦς ὑ. τοῦ τὸν Λυκοῦργον ἐκπέμπειν talk of sending L., [Refs]; γνώμην ὑ. τῆς κοινῆς [δόξης] [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B WITH ACCUSATIVE __B.I of Place in reference to motion, over, beyond, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+]: without such reference, ὑ. Ἡρακλείας στήλας ἔξω κατοικοῦσι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐλὴ.. ὑ. ὀφρὺν δεξιάν [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; τὸ ὑ. τὸν ἔσχατον.. σπόνδυλον [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __B.II of Measure, above, exceeding, beyond, ὑ. τὸν ἀλαθῆ λόγον [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑ. ἡμᾶς beyond our powers, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑ. τὸ ὕδωρ [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __B.II.b after comparative, than, δυνατώτεροι ὑ... [LXX] better than he,[LXX] __B.II.2 of transgression, in violation of, ὑ. αἶσαν, opposed to κατ᾽ αἶσαν, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὑ. μόρον (or ὑπέρμορον)[Refs] __B.III of Number, above, upwards of, τὰ ὑ. δέκα μνᾶς [ξυμβόλαια] [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑ. τετταράκοντα (i.e. ἔτη) [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑ. ἥμισυ more than half, [Refs] __B.IV of Time, beyond, i.e. before, earlier than, ὁ ὑ. τὰ Μηδικὰ πόλεμος [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.V in some dialects, in sense [Refs 4th c.BC+], on behalf of, ὑ. τὰν πόλιν [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; in sense [Refs 4th c.BC+], concerning, ἐπικράνθη μοι ὑ. ὑμᾶς [LXX] __C WITH DAT., only [Refs 4th c.AD+] fighting for.., [Refs 3rd c.BC+] __D POSITION: ὑπέρ may follow its substantive, but then by anastrophe becomes ὕπερ, [Refs 8th c.BC+] __E AS adverb., over-much, above measure, ὑπὲρ μὲν ἄγαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also written ὑπεράγαν, [Refs 1st c.BC+]; compare ὑπέρφευ: as a predicate, διάκονοι Χριστοῦ εἰσ; ὑπὲρ ἐγώ I am more [than they], [NT] __F IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), signifies over, above, in all relations, e. g., __F.1 of Place, over, beyond, as in ὑπεράνω, ὑπέργειος, ὑπερβαίνω, ὑπερπόντιος. __F.2 of doing a thing for or in defence of, as in ὑπερμαχέω, ὑπερασπίζω, ὑπεραλγέω. __F.3 above measure, as in ὑπερήφανος, ὑπερφίαλος.