Quick Definition
ἄρτος, ου, ὁ n.m. bread, a loaf, food
Strong's Definition
from 142; bread (as raised) or a loaf
KJV Usage: (shew-)bread, loaf
UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament
noun, m. | -ου
5.8 · Foods and Condiments · Food
loaf of bread a relatively small and generally round loaf of bread (considerably smaller than present-day typical loaves of bread and thus more like rolls or buns)
MAT 4:3 · MAT 4:4 · MAT 7:9 · MAT 14:17 · MAT 14:19 · MAT 14:19 · MAT 15:33 · MAT 15:34 · MAT 15:36 · MAT 16:5 · MAT 16:7 · MAT 16:8 · MAT 16:9 · MAT 16:10 · MAT 16:11 · MAT 16:12 · MAT 26:26 · MRK 6:37 · MRK 6:38 · MRK 6:41 · MRK 6:41 · MRK 6:44 · MRK 6:52 · MRK 7:27 · MRK 8:4 · MRK 8:5 · MRK 8:6 · MRK 8:14 · MRK 8:14 · MRK 8:16 · MRK 8:17 · MRK 8:19 · MRK 14:22 · LUK 4:3 · LUK 4:4 · LUK 9:3 · LUK 9:13 · LUK 9:16 · LUK 11:5 · LUK 22:19 · LUK 24:30 · LUK 24:35 · JHN 6:5 · JHN 6:7 · JHN 6:9 · JHN 6:11 · JHN 6:13 · JHN 6:23 · JHN 6:26 · JHN 21:9 · JHN 21:13 · ACT 2:42 · ACT 27:35 · 1CO 10:16 · 1CO 10:17 · 1CO 10:17 · 1CO 11:23 · 1CO 11:26 · 1CO 11:27 · 1CO 11:28 · 2CO 9:10
5.1 · Foods and Condiments · Food
food any kind of food or nourishment Almost all languages have at least a few general terms for food, though these may be derived from verbal expressions meaning essentially ‘that which is eaten.’ In some instances a distinction may be made between ‘that which is chewed’ and ‘that which is drunk,’ and it may therefore be important in certain contexts to speak of food in general by a phrase meaning ‘that which is either chewed or drunk.’ If one fails to include both types of food, the reader might interpret a passage such as MAT 6:11 as requesting only solid foods.
In the place of a general term or phrase such as ‘that which is eaten’ or ‘that which is consumed,’ some languages generalize the meaning of a particular term. For example, in certain parts of the Orient the term meaning specifically ‘rice’ also refers to ‘food’ in general. In fact, some persons will declare, ‘I have not eaten!’ if they have not had rice as part of a meal. A similar type of meaning has developed in English with respect to ‘bread.’ For example, in rendering LUK 4:4 (οὐκ ἐπ’ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος ‘man shall not live by bread alone’) it would be wrong to employ a strictly literal rendering, since this might mean simply that people should not live on a diet consisting solely of bread. The meaning of LUK 4:4 is, of course, ‘to live means more than merely eating.’
MAT 6:11 · MAT 15:2 · MAT 15:26 · MRK 3:20 · MRK 6:8 · MRK 7:2 · MRK 7:5 · LUK 7:33 · LUK 11:3 · LUK 14:1 · LUK 14:15 · LUK 15:17 · JHN 6:31 · JHN 6:32 · JHN 6:32 · JHN 6:33 · JHN 6:34 · JHN 6:35 · JHN 6:41 · JHN 6:48 · JHN 6:50 · JHN 6:51 · JHN 6:51 · JHN 6:51 · JHN 6:58 · JHN 6:58 · JHN 13:18 · 2TH 3:8 · 2TH 3:12
53.26 · Religious Activities · Offering, Sacrifice
Collocation: ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως
bread offered to God, consecrated bread (an idiom, literally: bread of the placing forth) bread which was set out as an offering in the presence of God in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple In some languages ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως is rendered as ‘bread placed before God’ or ‘bread placed in the presence of God.’
23.20 · Physiological Processes and States · Eat, Drink
Collocation: ἄρτον κλάω
to eat a meal, to have a meal (an idiom, literally: to break bread) to eat a meal, without reference to any particular time of the day or to the type of food involved In some languages it is impossible to speak of ‘having a meal’ without indicating the time of day or the nature of the food consumed.
The implication of ‘eating together’ comes from the total context. ἐν δὲ τῇ μιᾷ τῶν σαββάτων συνηγμένων ἡμῶν κλάσαι ἄρτον ‘on the first day of the week we gathered together for a meal’ ACT 20:7. No doubt the reference in ACT 20:7 is to the ‘fellowship meal,’ called ‘agape,’ which constituted the early Christian form of the ‘Lord’s Supper.’ See 23.28.
57.190 · Possess, Transfer, Exchange · Earn, Gain, Do Business
Collocation: τὸν ἑαυτοῦ ἄρτον ἐσθίω
to earn a living, to earn a livelihood (an idiom, literally: to eat one’s own bread) to earn a living by one’s own efforts
1 There are no doubt certain subtle differences of meaning in the various terms listed here as meaning food, but it is impossible to determine such distinctions in meaning from NT contexts. Perhaps τροφή and διατροφή are somewhat more generic in meaning and may suggest a greater emphasis upon nourishment. At the same time, βρῶσις[c] and βρῶμα[a] may imply solid substantive food, but it is difficult, if not impossible, to argue for such subtle connotative distinctions in meanings which are essentially generic.
UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament © United Bible Societies, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.
Thayer's Greek Lexicon
ἄρτος, -ov, 6, (fr. APO to fit, put together, [cf. Etym Magn. 150, 36—but doubtful]), bread; Hebr. ὉΠ: 1. food composed of flour mixed with water and baked ; the Israelites made it in the form of an oblong or round cake, as thick as one’s thumb, and as large as a plate or platter (cf. Win. RWB. 5. v. Backen; [BB.DD.]); hence it was not cut, but broken (see κλάσις and κλάω) : Mt. iv. 3; vii. 9; xiv.17,19; Mk. vi.36 [T Tr WH om. Lbr.], 37 sq.; Lk. iv. 3; xxiv. 30; Jn. vi. 5 sqq.; Acts xxvii. 35, and often; ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως. loaves consecrated to Jehovah, see πρόθεσις ; on the bread used at the love-feasts and the sacred supper [W. 35], ef. Mt. xxvi. 26; Mk. xiv. 22; Lk. xxii. 19; Acts ii. 42,46; xx. 7; 1 Co. x. 16 sq.; xi. 26-28. 2. As in Grk. writ., and like the Hebr. om, food of any kind; Mt. vi. 11; Mk. vi. 8; Lk. xi. 3; 2 Co. ix. 10; ὁ ἄρτος τῶν τέκνων the food served to the children, Mk. vii. 27; ἄρτον φαγεῖν or ἐσθίειν to take food, to eat (on9 55) [W. 33 (32)]: Mk. iii. 20; Lk. xiv. 1, 15; Mt. xv. 2; dprov aye παρά τινος to take food supplied by one, 2 Th. iii. 8; τὸν ἑαυτοῦ dpr. ἐσθίειν to eat the food which one has procured for himself by his own labor, 2 Th. iii. 12; μήτε ἄρτον ἐσθίων. μήτε οἶνον πίνων. abstaining from the usual sustenance, or using it sparingly, Lk. vii. 33; τρώγειν τὸν ἄρτον μετά twos to be one’s table-companion, his familiar friend, Jn. xiii. 18 (Ps. xl. (xli.) 10). In Jn. vi. 32-35 Jesus calls himself τὸν ἄρτον τοῦ θεοῦ, τ. a. ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, τ. a. τῆς ζωῆς. as the divine λύγος, come from heaven, who containing in himself the source of heavenly life supplies celestial nutriment to souls that they may attain to life eternal.
Mounce Concise Greek Dictionary
ἄρτος artos 97x
bread; a loaf or thin cake of bread, Mt. 26:26; food, Mt. 15:2; Mk. 3:20; bread, maintenance, living, necessaries of life, Mt. 6:11; Lk. 11:3; 2 Thess. 3:8
Abbott-Smith Greek Lexicon
ἄρτος, -ου, ὁ,
[in LXX chiefly for לֶחֶם;]
bread, a loaf: Mt 4:3, 4, Mk 3:20, al.; ἄρτοι τ. προθέσεως, bread of the setting forth, i.e. the shewbread. Metaph., ὁ ἄ. τ. θεοῦ, τ. ζωῆς, ref. to Christ, Jo 6:33, 35; in general, food: Mt 6:11, al.; ἄ. φαγεῖν (Heb. אֲכֹל לֶחֶם), to eat (MM, s.v.), Lu 14:1, al.
Moulton & Milligan — Vocabulary of the Greek NT
ἄρτος is frequently found with καθαρός = ‘pure or ‘‘ white bread,” e.g. P Tebt II. 468 οἴνου κε(ράμιον) ἃ, ἄρτων κα(θαρῶν) ἃ (= 10 Choenices? Edd.). P Oxy IV. 736%6 (a lengthy private account, ¢. A.D. 1) ἄρτου καθαροῦ παιδ(ῶν) ἡμιωβέλιον) ‘pure bread for the children $ obol,” P Giss
Liddell-Scott-Jones — Greek-English Lexicon
ἄρτος (artos) — bread. ἄρτος, ὁ, cake or loaf of wheat-bread, mostly in plural, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἄρτος οὖλος a whole loaf, [Refs]; collectively, bread, δούλιον ἄρτον ἔδων[Refs 7th c.BC+]; opposed to μᾶζα (porridge), [Refs 5th c.BC+] —Freq. in all writers.
II. ἄρτος· βόλος τις, καὶ ὁ Ἀθηναίων ξένος, [Refs 5th c.AD+]