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2 Chronicles 21:16

2 Chronicles 21:16 in Multiple Translations

Then the LORD stirred against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and Arabs who lived near the Cushites.

¶ Moreover the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, that were near the Ethiopians:

And Jehovah stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians that are beside the Ethiopians:

Then the Philistines and the Arabians, who are by Ethiopia, were moved by the Lord to make war on Jehoram;

The Lord stirred up the hostility of the Philistines and of the Arabians (who live near the Ethiopians) against Jehoram.

So the Lord stirred vp against Iehoram the spirite of the Philistims, and the Arabians that were beside the Ethiopians.

And Jehovah waketh up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, who [are] beside the Cushim,

The LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians who are beside the Ethiopians;

Moreover, the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, that were near the Cushites.

And the Lord stirred up against Joram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, who border on the Ethiopians.

Then Yahweh caused some men from the Philistia people-group and some Arabs who lived near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, where people from Ethiopia had settled, to become angry with Jehoram.

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Berean Amplified Bible — 2 Chronicles 21:16

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Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

2 Chronicles 21:16 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB וַ/יָּ֨עַר יְהוָ֜ה עַל יְהוֹרָ֗ם אֵ֣ת ר֤וּחַ הַ/פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ וְ/הָ֣/עַרְבִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל יַ֥ד כּוּשִֽׁים
וַ/יָּ֨עַר ʻûwr H5782 to rouse Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms
יְהוָ֜ה Yᵉhôvâh H3068 The Lord N-proper
עַל ʻal H5921 upon Prep
יְהוֹרָ֗ם Yᵉhôwrâm H3088 Joram N-proper
אֵ֣ת ʼêth H853 Obj. DirObjM
ר֤וּחַ rûwach H7307 spirit N-cs
הַ/פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ Pᵉlishtîy H6430 Philistines Art | Ngmpa
וְ/הָ֣/עַרְבִ֔ים ʻĂrâbîy H6163 Arab Conj | Art | Ngmpa
אֲשֶׁ֖ר ʼăsher H834 which Rel
עַל ʻal H5921 upon Prep
יַ֥ד yâd H3027 hand N-cs
כּוּשִֽׁים Kûwshîy H3569 Cushite Ngmpa
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — 2 Chronicles 21:16

וַ/יָּ֨עַר ʻûwr H5782 "to rouse" Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms
To rouse means to wake up or stir someone into action. It can also mean to be excited or triumphant, and is used in the Bible to describe God stirring up his people. This word is about being awakened or energized.
Definition: 1) to rouse oneself, awake, awaken, incite 1a) (Qal) to rouse oneself, awake 1b) (Niphal) to be roused 1c) (Polel) to stir up, rouse, incite 1d) (Hithpolel) to be excited, be triumphant 1e) (Hiphil) 1e1) to rouse, stir up 1e2) to act in an aroused manner, awake
Usage: Occurs in 65 OT verses. KJV: (a-) wake(-n, up), lift up (self), [idiom] master, raise (up), stir up (self). See also: Deuteronomy 32:11; Isaiah 10:26; Psalms 7:7.
יְהוָ֜ה Yᵉhôvâh H3068 "The Lord" N-proper
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Definition: Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
Usage: Occurs in 5522 OT verses. KJV: Jehovah, the Lord. Compare H3050 (יָהּ), H3069 (יְהֹוִה). See also: Genesis 2:4; Genesis 24:42; Exodus 8:8.
עַל ʻal H5921 "upon" Prep
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Definition: prep 1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against 1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards 1b) above, beyond, over (of excess) 1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence) 1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition) 1e) over (of suspension or extension) 1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity) 1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion) 1h) to (as a dative)
Usage: Occurs in 4493 OT verses. KJV: above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 24:13; Genesis 41:33.
יְהוֹרָ֗ם Yᵉhôwrâm H3088 "Joram" N-proper
Jehoram was a king of Israel, and his story is told in 2 Kings 1:17. He was the son of Ahab and Jezebel, and his name means 'Jehovah is exalted'. Jehoram was also known as Joram, and he had several brothers and sisters, including Joash and Athaliah.
Definition: A king of the Kingdom of Israel, living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.1.17; son of: Ahab (H0256) and Jezebel (H0348); brother of: Joash (H3101H), Ahaziah (H0274) and Athaliah (H6271); also called Jehoram at 2Ki.1.17a; 3.1,6; 1x,6,7; Another spelling of yo.ram (יוֹרָם "Joram" H3141H) § Jehoram or Joram = "Jehovah is exalted" 1) son of king Jehoshaphat of Judah and himself king of Judah for 8 years; his wife was the wicked Athaliah who was probably the instigator for his returning the nation of Judah to the worship of Baal 2) son of king Ahab of the northern kingdom of Israel and king of Israel himself for 12 years; he was murdered by Jehu on the plot of land for which his father had murdered Naboth thus fulfilling the prophecy of Elijah to the very letter 3) a priest in the reign of Jehoshaphat
Usage: Occurs in 26 OT verses. KJV: Jehoram, Joram. Compare H3141 (יוֹרָם). See also: 1 Kings 22:51; 2 Kings 12:19; 2 Chronicles 22:11.
אֵ֣ת ʼêth H853 "Obj." DirObjM
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.
ר֤וּחַ rûwach H7307 "spirit" N-cs
In the Bible, this word for spirit refers to the breath of life, the wind, or a person's mind and emotions, as seen in the book of Ezekiel.
Definition: : spirit 1) wind, breath, mind, spirit 1a) breath 1b) wind 1b1) of heaven 1b2) quarter (of wind), side 1b3) breath of air 1b4) air, gas 1b5) vain, empty thing 1c) spirit (as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation) 1c1) spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour 1c2) courage 1c3) temper, anger 1c4) impatience, patience 1c5) spirit, disposition (as troubled, bitter, discontented) 1c6) disposition (of various kinds), unaccountable or uncontrollable impulse 1c7) prophetic spirit 1d) spirit (of the living, breathing being in man and animals) 1d1) as gift, preserved by God, God's spirit, departing at death, disembodied being 1e) spirit (as seat of emotion) 1e1) desire 1e2) sorrow, trouble 1f) spirit 1f1) as seat or organ of mental acts 1f2) rarely of the will 1f3) as seat especially of moral character 1g) Spirit of God, the third person of the triune God, the Holy Spirit, coequal, coeternal with the Father and the Son 1g1) as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy 1g2) as impelling prophet to utter instruction or warning 1g3) imparting warlike energy and executive and administrative power 1g4) as endowing men with various gifts 1g5) as energy of life 1g6) as manifest in the Shekinah glory 1g7) never referred to as a depersonalised force
Usage: Occurs in 348 OT verses. KJV: air, anger, blast, breath, [idiom] cool, courage, mind, [idiom] quarter, [idiom] side, spirit(-ual), tempest, [idiom] vain, (whirl-) wind(-y). See also: Genesis 1:2; Job 6:26; Psalms 1:4.
הַ/פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ Pᵉlishtîy H6430 "Philistines" Art | Ngmpa
A Philistine is a person from the region of Philistia, which was inhabited by immigrants from other places. The Philistines were known for their conflicts with the Israelites, as recorded in the Bible. They were a distinct ethnic group.
Definition: Philistine = "immigrants" an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan Another name of ga.dol (גָּדוֹל "Great( Sea)" H1419J)
Usage: Occurs in 244 OT verses. KJV: Philistine. See also: Genesis 10:14; 1 Samuel 17:8; 1 Chronicles 10:1.
וְ/הָ֣/עַרְבִ֔ים ʻĂrâbîy H6163 "Arab" Conj | Art | Ngmpa
An Arabian refers to someone from the region of Arabia, which includes present-day Saudi Arabia and other parts of the Middle East. In the Bible, Arabians are mentioned as traders and travelers. The term is used to describe people from this region.
Definition: Group of a.rav (עֲרָב "Arabia" H6152B) § Arabian, of Arabia "mixed" steppe-dweller
Usage: Occurs in 9 OT verses. KJV: Arabian. See also: 2 Chronicles 17:11; Nehemiah 2:19; Isaiah 13:20.
אֲשֶׁ֖ר ʼăsher H834 "which" Rel
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Definition: A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when
Usage: Occurs in 4440 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:16.
עַל ʻal H5921 "upon" Prep
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Definition: prep 1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against 1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards 1b) above, beyond, over (of excess) 1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence) 1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition) 1e) over (of suspension or extension) 1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity) 1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion) 1h) to (as a dative)
Usage: Occurs in 4493 OT verses. KJV: above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 24:13; Genesis 41:33.
יַ֥ד yâd H3027 "hand" N-cs
In the Bible, 'yad' refers to an open hand, symbolizing power or direction. It can also mean strength or a part of something, like a side or a share. The word is used in many contexts, including anatomy and everyday life.
Definition: : hand/arm[anatomy] 1) hand 1a) hand (of man) 1b) strength, power (fig.) 1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.) 1d) (various special, technical senses) 1d1) sign, monument 1d2) part, fractional part, share 1d3) time, repetition 1d4) axle-trees, axle 1d5) stays, support (for laver) 1d6) tenons (in tabernacle) 1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure) 1d8) wrists
Usage: Occurs in 1446 OT verses. KJV: ([phrase] be) able, [idiom] about, [phrase] armholes, at, axletree, because of, beside, border, [idiom] bounty, [phrase] broad, (broken-) handed, [idiom] by, charge, coast, [phrase] consecrate, [phrase] creditor, custody, debt, dominion, [idiom] enough, [phrase] fellowship, force, [idiom] from, hand(-staves, -y work), [idiom] he, himself, [idiom] in, labour, [phrase] large, ledge, (left-) handed, means, [idiom] mine, ministry, near, [idiom] of, [idiom] order, ordinance, [idiom] our, parts, pain, power, [idiom] presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay, draw with strength, stroke, [phrase] swear, terror, [idiom] thee, [idiom] by them, [idiom] themselves, [idiom] thine own, [idiom] thou, through, [idiom] throwing, [phrase] thumb, times, [idiom] to, [idiom] under, [idiom] us, [idiom] wait on, (way-) side, where, [phrase] wide, [idiom] with (him, me, you), work, [phrase] yield, [idiom] yourselves. See also: Genesis 3:22; Exodus 7:19; Leviticus 14:22.
כּוּשִֽׁים Kûwshîy H3569 "Cushite" Ngmpa
A Cushite is a descendant of Cush, referring to someone from Ethiopia. They are mentioned as a distinct group in the Bible.
Definition: Someone from Cush Group of kush (כּוּשׁ "Cush" H3568A) § Cushi or Ethiopian, of Cush "their blackness" one of the descendants of Cush the grandson of Noah through Ham and a member of that nation or people (TWOT) Ethiopian
Usage: Occurs in 19 OT verses. KJV: Cushi, Cushite, Ethiopian(-s). See also: 2 Samuel 18:21; 2 Chronicles 16:8; Jeremiah 13:23.

Study Notes — 2 Chronicles 21:16

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 2 Chronicles 17:11 Some Philistines also brought gifts and silver as tribute to Jehoshaphat, and the Arabs brought him 7,700 rams and 7,700 goats from their flocks.
2 2 Chronicles 33:11 So the LORD brought against them the military commanders of the king of Assyria, who captured Manasseh, put a hook in his nose, bound him with bronze shackles, and took him to Babylon.
3 1 Kings 11:14 Then the LORD raised up against Solomon an adversary, Hadad the Edomite, from the royal line of Edom.
4 2 Chronicles 22:1 Then the people of Jerusalem made Ahaziah, the youngest son of Jehoram, king in his place, since the raiders who had come into the camp with the Arabs had killed all the older sons. So Ahaziah son of Jehoram became king of Judah.
5 1 Kings 11:23 And God raised up against Solomon another adversary, Rezon the son of Eliada, who had fled from his master, Hadadezer king of Zobah,
6 2 Samuel 24:1 Again the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He stirred up David against them, saying, “Go and take a census of Israel and Judah.”
7 1 Kings 11:11 Then the LORD said to Solomon, “Because you have done this and have not kept My covenant and My statutes, which I have commanded you, I will tear the kingdom away from you and give it to your servant.
8 Amos 3:6 If a ram’s horn sounds in a city, do the people not tremble? If calamity comes to a city, has not the LORD caused it?
9 Ezra 1:1 In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, to fulfill the word of the LORD spoken through Jeremiah, the LORD stirred the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia to send a proclamation throughout his kingdom and to put it in writing as follows:
10 Ezra 1:5 So the family heads of Judah and Benjamin, along with the priests and Levites—everyone whose spirit God had stirred—prepared to go up and rebuild the house of the LORD in Jerusalem.

2 Chronicles 21:16 Summary

This verse tells us that God stirred up the Philistines and Arabs to fight against King Jehoram, which was a form of judgment for his wicked ways. This shows us that God is in control of all things, even the actions of nations, and that He uses them to accomplish His purposes (as seen in Isaiah 10:5-7). Just like Jehoram, we can face consequences for our actions, but God is always working to bring us back to Himself, as seen in Jeremiah 29:11. By trusting in God's sovereignty and obeying His commands, we can avoid His judgment and experience His blessing instead (Deuteronomy 28:1-2).

Frequently Asked Questions

Why did God stir up the Philistines and Arabs against Jehoram?

God stirred up the Philistines and Arabs against Jehoram as a form of judgment for his wicked ways, as seen in 2 Chronicles 21:16, similar to how He used other nations to judge Israel in the past, such as in Judges 3:1-4

Who are the Cushites mentioned in this verse?

The Cushites were a people group that lived near the Philistines and Arabs, and their location is significant in understanding the geography of the region, as mentioned in 2 Chronicles 21:16 and also in other passages like Genesis 10:6-8

Is this verse saying that God is the one who causes war and conflict?

While God is sovereign over all things, including war and conflict, this verse is highlighting how He uses the actions of nations to accomplish His purposes, as seen in Isaiah 10:5-7, where God uses the Assyrians to judge Israel

How does this verse relate to the overall story of 2 Chronicles?

This verse is part of a larger narrative about the kingdom of Judah, and specifically about the reign of King Jehoram, highlighting God's judgment on his wickedness, as seen in 2 Chronicles 21:1-20

Reflection Questions

  1. What are some ways that God might be stirring up 'enemies' in my life to get my attention, and how should I respond?
  2. How can I trust God's sovereignty in the midst of conflict or difficulty, as seen in this verse and in other passages like Romans 8:28-30?
  3. In what ways am I like King Jehoram, and how can I learn from his mistakes to avoid God's judgment?
  4. What does this verse teach me about the importance of obedience to God's commands, and how can I apply that to my life today?

Gill's Exposition on 2 Chronicles 21:16

Moreover, the Lord stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines,.... Which had been depressed in the times of Jehoshaphat, to whom they brought their presents and tribute willingly, 2

Matthew Poole's Commentary on 2 Chronicles 21:16

The Philistines; a people fully subdued and dispirited; but God now raiseth their spirits and courage to do his work. Near the Ethiopians, Heb. near the Cushites, i.e. either the Ethiopians, from whom they were parted only by the Red Sea, each dwelling upon the opposite shores of it; or rather, a people in Arabia, frequently mentioned in Scripture, and so called, either for their likeness in colour and complexion to the Ethiopians properly so called, or because the one of these people were a colony of the other. But the Ethiopians above Egypt were far enough from these other Arabians, being separated from them by the Red Sea.

Trapp's Commentary on 2 Chronicles 21:16

2 Chronicles 21:16 Moreover the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, that [were] near the Ethiopians:Ver. 16. Moreover the Lord stirred up.] And so fulfilled all that Elijah had foretold: why is he not then better believed? If some astrologer had once or twice prognosticated, and it proved true, he should be much cried up and credited. And shall not God’ s prophets be so? "Believe the prophets, and ye shall prosper." But many believe them no otherwise than they do the predictions of an almanac, if so much. And of the Arabians.] The inhabitants of Arabia Felix and Petraea. These were instigated, likely, by the Edomites, whom Jehoram sought to reduce, but could not.

Ellicott's Commentary on 2 Chronicles 21:16

(16) Moreover.—And, here equivalent to so.The Lord stirred up against Jehoram.—Isaiah 13:17. The phrase, “stirred up the spirit”—i.e., the will—of a man to an undertaking, is found in Jeremiah 51:11; Haggai 1:14 (Comp. 1 Chronicles 5:26; Ezra 1:1.) The Philistines, and of the Arabians.—These are mentioned together elsewhere as enemies of Judah. (See 2 Chronicles 26:7; 2 Chronicles 17:11; Jeremiah 25:20.) The invasion of the Philistines and Arabians accords with Joe 3:4-6, and is certainly historical (Thenius on 2 Kings 8:23-24). That were near the Ethiopians.—Literally, At the hand of (i.e., beside) the Cushites. Some tribes. of southern Arabia. There were Cushite settlements on both sides of the Red Sea. LXX., well: τοὺςἌραβαςκαὶτοὺςὁμόρουςτῶνΑἰθιόπων; Vulg., “qui confines sunt Aethiopum.”

Adam Clarke's Commentary on 2 Chronicles 21:16

Verse 16. The Philistines, and - the Arabians] We have no other account of this war. Though it was a predatory war, yet it appears to have been completely ruinous and destructive. What a general curse fell upon this bad king; in his body, soul, substance, family, and government!

Cambridge Bible on 2 Chronicles 21:16

16, 17 (no parallel in Kings). The Invasion of the Philistines and Arabians 16. Moreover] R.V. And. stirred up … the spirit] Cp. 2 Chronicles 36:22 and 1 Chronicles 5:26. that were near the Ethiopians] Render, which are beside the Cushites; cp. R.V. and 2 Chronicles 14:9 (note).

Barnes' Notes on 2 Chronicles 21:16

The Arabians, that were near the Ethiopians - Probably Joktanian Arabs from the neighborhood of the Cushites.

Whedon's Commentary on 2 Chronicles 21:16

16. The Philistines, and… Arabians — These nations had been tributary to Jehoshaphat, (2 Chronicles 17:11,) but under his wicked son they revolted, and Jehovah used them as his rod of anger to punish Jehoram, as he had foretold.

Sermons on 2 Chronicles 21:16

SermonDescription
Chuck Smith Ii Chronicles 33:11 by Chuck Smith Chuck Smith discusses the life of Manasseh, who, despite his noble heritage as the son of King Hezekiah, rebelled against God through idolatry and abominable practices. He ignored
Alan Stewart A Leaders Worst Nightmare by Alan Stewart Alan Stewart delivers a powerful sermon titled 'A Leader's Worst Nightmare,' reflecting on the life of King Saul as a cautionary tale for leaders in ministry. He emphasizes the imp
David Guzik (2 Samuel) the Sweet Psalmist and the Mighty Men by David Guzik In this sermon, the speaker discusses a short psalm written by David towards the end of his life. The psalm contains wisdom and lessons from David's life. The speaker admires David
Theodore Epp A Misplaced Confidence by Theodore Epp Theodore Epp discusses the theme of misplaced confidence in the life of King David, who, despite his long reign, succumbed to pride by numbering the people of Israel to gauge milit
David Wilkerson David Wilkerson Prophecy - New York 1000 Fires by David Wilkerson This sermon emphasizes the judgment of societies by God, warning of impending chastisement for turning away from righteousness and holiness. The speaker predicts a period of intens
Samuel Davies The Justice of God—and the Sins of Our Country by Samuel Davies Samuel Davies, in his sermon 'The Justice of God—and the Sins of Our Country,' passionately addresses the sins of the people and the nation, attributing calamities to God's provide
John Wesley On Public Diversions by John Wesley John Wesley addresses the dangers of public diversions, emphasizing that every calamity serves as a warning from God to prompt repentance and reflection. He argues that all evils o

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