Acts 27:19

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Acts 27:19 in Multiple Translations

Berean Standard Bible BSB

On the third day, they threw the ship’s tackle overboard with their own hands.

King James Version KJV

And the third day we cast out with our own hands the tackling of the ship.

American Standard Version ASV

and the third day they cast out with their own hands the tackling of the ship.

Bible in Basic English BBE

And on the third day, they let all the sailing apparatus go over the side.

Free Bible Version FBV

On the third day they grabbed the ship's gear and tossed it into the sea.

Geneva Bible 1599 GNV

And the third day we cast out with our owne hands the tackling of the ship.

Young's Literal Translation YLT

and on the third [day] with our own hands the tackling of the ship we cast out,

World English Bible WEB

On the third day, they threw out the ship’s tackle with their own hands.

Noah Webster Bible WBS

And the third day we cast out with our own hands the tackling of the ship.

Douay-Rheims 1899 DRV

And the third day they cast out with their own hands the tackling of the ship.

Translation for Translators T4T

On the third day after the stormy wind had begun to blow, the sailors/we [MTY] threw overboard most of the sails, ropes, and poles, in order to make the ship lighter.

Plain English Version PEV

On the 3rd day of the storm, the ship-men even threw away a lot of the ship’s own things, like its sails, and poles.

Study Highlights

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Berean Amplified Bible — Acts 27:19

BAB

Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Acts 27:19 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB

GRK και τη τριτη αυτοχειρες την σκευην του πλοιου ερριψαμεν

και kai G2532 and Conj

τη ho G3588 the/this/who Art-DSF

τριτη tritos G5154 third Adj-DSF

αυτοχειρες autocheir G849 with one’s own hand Adj-NPM

την ho G3588 the/this/who Art-ASF

σκευην skeuē G4631 gear Noun-ASF

του ho G3588 the/this/who Art-GSN

πλοιου ploion G4143 boat Noun-GSN

ερριψαμεν rhiptō G4496 to throw/lay down Verb-AAI-1P

Greek Word Study

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Greek Word Reference — Acts 27:19

και kai G2532 "and" Conj

And or also, a connecting word used to join ideas or words, like in Matthew 2:18 and Hebrews 1:1.

Definition: καί, conj., and __I. Copulative. __1. Connecting single words; __(a) in general: Mat.2:18, 16:1, Mrk.2:15, Luk.8:15, Heb.1:1, al. mult.; repeated before each of the terms in a series, Mat.23:23, Luk.14:21, Rom.7:12, 9:4, al. __(b) connecting numerals (WM, §37, 4): Jhn.2:20, Act.13:20; __(with) joining terms which are not mutually exclusive, as the part with the whole: Mat.8:33, 26:59, Mrk.16:17, Act.5:29, al. __2. Connecting clauses and sentences: Mat.3:12, Act.5:21, al. mult.; esp. __(a) where, after the simplicity of the popular language, sentences are paratactically joined (WM, §60, 3; M, Pr., 12; Deiss., LAE, 128ff.): Mat.1:21, 7:25, Mrk.9:5, Jhn.10:3, al.; __(b) joining affirmative to negative sentences: Luk.3:14, Jhn.4:11, IIIJhn.10; __(with) consecutive, and so: Mat.5:1, 23:32, Heb.3:19, al.; after imperatives, Mat.4:19, Luk.7:7, al.; __(d) = καίτοι, and yet: Mat.3:14, 6:26, Mrk.12:12, Luk.18:7 (Field, Notes, 72), 1Co.5:2, al.; __(e) beginning an apodosis (= Heb. וְ; so sometimes δέ in cl.), then: Luk.2:21, 7:12, Act.1:10; beginning a question (WM, §53, 3a): Mrk.10:26, Luk.10:29, Jhn.9:36. __3. Epexegetic, and, and indeed, namely (WM, §53, 3c): Luk.3:18, Jhn.1:16, Act.23:6, Rom.1:5, 1Co.3:5, al. __4. In transition: Mat.4:23, Mrk.5:1, 21, Jhn.1:19, al.; so, Hebraistically, καὶ ἐγένετο (וַי:הִי; also ἐγένετο δέ), Mrk.1:9 (cf. Luk.5:1; V. Burton, §§357-60; M, Pr., 14, 16). __5. καὶ . . . καί, both . . . and (for τε . . . καί, see: τε); __(a) connecting single words: Mat.10:28, Mrk.4:41, Rom.11:33, al.; __(b) clauses and sentences: Mrk.9:13, Jhn.7:28, 1Co.1:22, al. __II. Adjunctive, also, even, still: Mat.5:39, 40; Mrk.2:28, al. mult.; esp. with pron., adv., etc., Mat.20:4, Jhn.7:47, al; ὡς κ., Act.11:17; καθὼς κ., Rom.15:7; οὑτω κ., Rom.6:11; διὸ κ., Luk.1:35; ὁ κ. (Deiss., BS, 313ff.), Act.13:9; pleonastically, μετὰ κ.. (Bl., §77, 7; Deiss., BS, 265f,), Php.4:3; τί κ., 1 Co 15:29; ἀλλὰ κ., Luk.14:22, Jhn.5:18, al.; καίγε (M, Pr., 230; Burton, §437), Act.17:27; καίπερ, Heb.5:8; κ. ἐάν, see: ἐάν. ἐάν, contr. fr. εἰ ἄν, conditional particle, representing something as "under certain circumstances actual or liable to happen," but not so definitely expected as in the case of εἰ with ind. (Bl., §65, 4; cf. Jhn.13:17, 1Co.7:36), if haply, if; __1. with subjc. (cl.); __(a) pres.: Mat.6:22, Luk.10:6, Jhn.7:17, Rom.2:25, 26 al.; { __(b) aor. (= Lat. fut. pf.): Mat.4:9 16:26 (cf. ptcp. in Luk.9:25; M, Pr., 230), Mrk.3:24, Luk.14:34, Jhn.5:43, Rom.7:2, al.; = cl. εἰ, with opt., Jhn.9:22 11:57, Act.9:2; as Heb. אִם = ὅταν, Jhn.12:32 14:3, I Jhn.2:28 3:2, Heb.3:7" (LXX) . __2. C. indic, (as in late writers, fr. Arist. on; see WH, App., 171; VD, MGr. 2, App., §77; Deiss., BS, 201f., LAE, 155, 254; M, Pr., 168, 187; Bl., §65, 4); __(a) fut.: Mat.18:19 T, Luk.19:40, Act.7:7; __(b) pres.: 1Th.3:8 (see Milligan, in l.). __3. With other particles: ἐ. καί (Bl., §65, 6), Gal.6:1; ἐ. μή (M, Pr., 185, 187; Bl., l.with), with subjc. pres., Mat.10:13, 1Co.8:8, Jas.2:17, 1Jn.3:21; aor., Mat.6:15, Mrk.3:27, Jhn.3:3, Rom.10:15, Gal.1:8 2:16 (see Lft., Ellic., in ll.); ἐ. τε . . . ἐ. τε, [in LXX for אִם . . . אִם, Est.19:13, al.,] Rom.14:8. __4. = cl. ἄν (which see) after relat. pronouns and adverbs (Tdf., Pr., 96; WH, App., 173; M, Pr., 42f.; Bl., §26, 4; Mayser, 152f.; Deiss., BS, 202ff.): ὃς ἐ., Mat.5:19, Mrk.6:22, 23 Luk.17:32, 1Co.6:18, al.; ὅπου ἐ., Mat.8:19; ὁσάκις ἐ., Rev.11:6; οὗ ἐ., 1Co.16:6; καθὸ ἐ., 2Co.8:12; ὅστις ἐ., Gal.5:10. (AS)

Usage: Occurs in 5212 NT verses. KJV: and, also, both, but, even, for, if, or, so, that, then, therefore, when, yet See also: 1 Corinthians 1:1; 1 Corinthians 10:4; 1 Corinthians 16:1.

τη ho G3588 "the/this/who" Art-DSF

The Greek word for 'the' or 'this', used to point out a specific person or thing, like in Acts 17:28. It can also mean 'he', 'she', or 'it'.

Definition: ὁ, ἡ, τό, the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν), originally a demonstr. pron. (so usually in Hom.), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article. __I. As demonstr. pron. __1. As frequently in Hom., absol., he (she, it), his (etc.): Act.17:28 (quoted from the poet Aratus). __2. Distributive, ὁ μὲν . . . ὁ δέ, the one . . . the other: 1Co.7:7, Gal.4:22; pl., Act.14:4, 17:32, Php.1:16, al.; οἱ μὲν . . . ἄλλοι δέ, Mat.16:14, Jhn.7:12; οἱ μεν̀ . . . ὁδέ, Heb.7:21, 23. __3. In narration (without ὁ μὲν preceding), ὁ δέ, but he: Mat.2:14, Mrk.1:45, Luk.8:21, Jhn.9:38, al. mult. __II. As prepositive article, the, prefixed, __1. to nouns unmodified: ὁ θεός, τὸ φῶς, etc.; to abstract nouns, ἡ σοφία, etc., to pl. nouns which indicate a class, οἱ ἀλώπεκες, foxes, Mat.8:20, al.; to an individual as representing a class, ὁ ἐργάτης, Luk.10:7; with nom. = voc. in addresses, Mat.11:26, Jhn.19:3, Jas.5:1, al.; to things which pertain to one, ἡ χεῖρ, his hand, Mrk.3:1; to names of persons well known or already mentioned; usually to names of countries (originally adjectives), ἡ Ἰουδαία, etc. __2. To modified nouns: with of person(s) pron. genitive, μοῦ, σοῦ, etc.; with poss. pron., ἐμός, σός, etc.; with adj. between the art. and the noun, ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος, Mat.12:35; the noun foll, by adj., both with art., ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός, Jhn.10:11 (on ὁ ὄχλος πολύς, Jhn.12:9, see M, Pr., 84); before adjectival phrases, ἡ κατ᾽ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις, Rom.9:11. __3. To Other parts of speech used as substantives; __(a) neuter adjectives: τ. ἀγαθόν, etc.; __(b) cardinal numerals: ὁ εἶς, οἷ δύο, etc.; __(with) participles: ὁ βαπτίζων (= ὁ Βαπτιστής, Mat.14:2), Mrk.6:14; πᾶς ὁ, with ptcp., every one who, etc.; __(d) adverbs: τὸ πέραν, τὰ νῦν, ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος; __(e) infinitives: nom., τὸ θέλειν, Rom.7:18, al.; genitive, τοῦ, after adjectives, ἄξιον τοῦ πορεύεσθαι, 1Co.16:4; verbs, ἐλαχεν τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι, Luk.1:9; and frequently in a final sense, ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρειν, Mat.13:3 (on the artic. inf., see Bl., §71). __4. In the neut. to sentences, phrases or single words treated as a quotation: τὸ Ἐι δύνῃ, Mrk.9:23; τὸ ἔτι ἅπαξ, Heb.12:27; τὸ ἀνέβη, Eph.4:9, al. __5. To prepositional phrases: οἱ ἀπὸ Ἰταλίας, Heb.13:24; οἱ ἐκ νόμου, Rom.4:14; neut. accusative absol., in adverbial phrases, τὸ καθ᾽ ἡμέραν, daily, Luk.11:3; τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, as regards the flesh, Rom.9:5. __6. To nouns in the genitive, denoting kinship, association, etc.: ὁ τοῦ, the son of (unless context indicates a different relationship), Mat.10:2, al.; τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, the things that pertain to God, Mat.16:23; τὰ τῆς εἰρήνης, Rom.14:19 (cf. M, Pr., 81ff.; Bl, §§46, 47). (AS)

Usage: Occurs in 7033 NT verses. KJV: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc See also: 1 Corinthians 1:1; 1 Corinthians 7:16; 1 Corinthians 11:24.

τριτη tritos G5154 "third" Adj-DSF

Refers to something or someone that is third in a sequence, like the third day or the third time something happens, as seen in Matthew 16:21 and Mark 14:41.

Definition: τρίτος, -η, -ον the third: Mat.22:26, Mrk.12:21 15:25, Luk.24:21, Act.2:15, al.; τῇ τ. ἡμέρᾳ (i.e. the next day but one: Xen., al.; see Field, Notes, 11 ff.), Mat.16:21, Luk.24:46, al.; substantively, accusative masc., τρίτον, a third (servant), Luk.20:12; neut., τὸ τ., with genitive, the third part of: Rev.8:7-12 9:15, 18 12:4. As adv., τὸ τ., the third time: Mrk.14:41, Jhn.21:17; anarth., τρίτον, a third time, Luk.23:22, Jhn.21:14, 2Co.12:14 13:1; in enumerations, thirdly, 1Co.12:28; ἐκ τ., a third time, Mat.26:44 (AS)

Usage: Occurs in 49 NT verses. KJV: third(-ly) See also: 1 Corinthians 12:28; Mark 12:21; Revelation 4:7.

αυτοχειρες autocheir G849 "with one’s own hand" Adj-NPM

Means doing something with one's own hands, personally, as seen in Acts 27:19 where it describes an action taken by the crew of a ship.

Definition: αὐτό-χειρ, -ρος, ὁ, ἡ (αὐτός, χείρ), with one's own hand: Act.27:19.† (AS)

Usage: Occurs in 1 NT verses. KJV: with … own hands See also: Acts 27:19.

την ho G3588 "the/this/who" Art-ASF

The Greek word for 'the' or 'this', used to point out a specific person or thing, like in Acts 17:28. It can also mean 'he', 'she', or 'it'.

Usage: Occurs in 7033 NT verses. KJV: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc See also: 1 Corinthians 1:1; 1 Corinthians 7:16; 1 Corinthians 11:24.

σκευην skeuē G4631 "gear" Noun-ASF

This word refers to equipment or gear, like the tackle on a ship, as seen in Acts 27:19. It can also mean spare supplies or tools. In biblical times, it was essential for various activities.

Definition: σκευή, -ῆς, ἡ [in LXX: 3Ma.5:45 R * ;] equipment, tackle: Act.27:19.† (AS)

Usage: Occurs in 1 NT verses. KJV: tackling See also: Acts 27:19.

του ho G3588 "the/this/who" Art-GSN

The Greek word for 'the' or 'this', used to point out a specific person or thing, like in Acts 17:28. It can also mean 'he', 'she', or 'it'.

Usage: Occurs in 7033 NT verses. KJV: the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc See also: 1 Corinthians 1:1; 1 Corinthians 7:16; 1 Corinthians 11:24.

πλοιου ploion G4143 "boat" Noun-GSN

This word refers to a boat or ship, like the ones mentioned in Matthew 4:21-22 where Jesus calls his disciples. It's a vessel for sailing or traveling on water, used for transportation or fishing. This word is commonly used in the Gospels and Acts.

Definition: πλοῖον, -ον, τό (πλέω), [in LXX chiefly for אֳנִיָּה ;] a boat, also (= obsolete ναῦς) a ship: Mat.4:21-22, and frequently in Gosp. and Ac, Jas.3:4, Rev.8:9 18:19. (AS)

Usage: Occurs in 63 NT verses. KJV: ship(-ing) See also: Acts 20:13; Luke 8:37; James 3:4.

ερριψαμεν rhiptō G4496 "to throw/lay down" Verb-AAI-1P

To throw or lay down means to fling something quickly, like casting a net or throwing off a cloak, as seen in Matthew 27:5 and Acts 27:19. It's a swift, spontaneous action.

Definition: ῥίπτω and (Act.22:23) ῥιπτέω (strengthened form; see Veitch, see word ῥίπτω, fin.), [in LXX chiefly for שָׁלַךְ hi. ;] __1. to throw, cast, hurl: with accusative of thing(s), Mat.27:5, Act.27:19, 29; with accusative of person(s), Mat.15:30, Luk.4:35; pass., Luk.17:2; ptcp., ἐριμμένοι, cast down, prostrate (Polyb., al.): Mat.9:36; of garments, to throw off (for flight, Eur., Xen., al.; ὅπλα, 1Ma.5:43; so EV in Act.22:23, but see infr.). __2. = ῥιπτάζω, to shake, toss, throw about: τ. ἱμάτια, Act.22:23 (EGT, Page, Rackham, in l; Field, Notes, 136; but see supr.).† (AS)

Usage: Occurs in 7 NT verses. KJV: cast (down, out), scatter abroad, throw See also: Acts 27:19; Luke 17:2; Matthew 27:5.

Study Notes — Acts 27:19

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Context
Cross References
Acts 27:19 Summary
Frequently Asked Questions
Reflection Questions
Gill's Exposition on Acts 27:19
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Acts 27:19
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Acts 27:19
Trapp's Commentary on Acts 27:19
Ellicott's Commentary on Acts 27:19
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Acts 27:19
Cambridge Bible on Acts 27:19
Barnes' Notes on Acts 27:19
Whedon's Commentary on Acts 27:19
Sermons on Acts 27:19

Context — The Storm at Sea

17After hoisting it up, the crew used ropes to undergird the ship. And fearing that they would run aground on the sandbars of Syrtis, they lowered the sea anchor and were driven along. 18We were tossed so violently that the next day the men began to jettison the cargo.

19On the third day, they threw the ship’s tackle overboard with their own hands.

20When neither sun nor stars appeared for many days and the great storm continued to batter us, we abandoned all hope of being saved. 21After the men had gone a long time without food, Paul stood up among them and said, “Men, you should have followed my advice not to sail from Crete. Then you would have averted this disaster and loss.

Cross References

	Reference	Text (BSB)
1	Job 2:4	“Skin for skin!” Satan replied. “A man will give up all he owns in exchange for his life.
2	Luke 9:24–25	For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake will save it. What does it profit a man to gain the whole world, yet lose or forfeit his very self?
3	Mark 8:35–37	For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake and for the gospel will save it. What does it profit a man to gain the whole world, yet forfeit his soul? Or what can a man give in exchange for his soul?
4	Jonah 1:5	The sailors were afraid, and each cried out to his own god. And they threw the ship’s cargo into the sea to lighten the load. But Jonah had gone down to the lowest part of the vessel, where he lay down and fell into a deep sleep.

Acts 27:19 Summary

[Acts 27:19 tells us that the crew of the ship threw the ship's tackle overboard with their own hands, which means they got rid of the ship's equipment to try to stay afloat during the storm. This shows how desperate they were to survive, and it's a reminder that sometimes we have to let go of things that are holding us back in order to move forward, as we see in Psalm 37:5-7. By trusting in God's sovereignty, we can have peace and hope, even in the midst of difficult circumstances, just as Paul and the crew did in Acts 27. This event also reminds us that God is in control of all things, including the storms of life, as we see in Matthew 8:23-27.]

Frequently Asked Questions

What does it mean to throw the ship's tackle overboard?

In Acts 27:19, throwing the ship's tackle overboard means getting rid of the ship's equipment, such as masts, sails, and anchors, in an attempt to lighten the ship and stay afloat during the storm, similar to how Jonah 1:5 describes the sailors throwing cargo overboard to lighten their ship.

Why did the crew throw the ship's tackle overboard with their own hands?

The crew threw the ship's tackle overboard with their own hands because they were desperate to save the ship and themselves from the violent storm, as described in Acts 27:18, and were willing to do whatever it took to survive, even if it meant giving up their valuable equipment.

Is this event in Acts 27:19 a fulfillment of any biblical prophecy?

While Acts 27:19 does not directly fulfill a specific biblical prophecy, it does show how God is sovereign over all events, including storms, as described in Psalm 107:25-30, and how He can use these events to accomplish His purposes.

What can we learn from the crew's actions in Acts 27:19?

We can learn from the crew's actions that sometimes, in order to move forward and survive, we must be willing to let go of things that are holding us back, just as the crew let go of the ship's tackle, and trust in God's sovereignty, as described in Proverbs 3:5-6.

Reflection Questions

What are some things in my life that I need to let go of in order to move forward and trust in God's sovereignty?
How can I apply the principle of letting go of worldly things to my own life, just as the crew let go of the ship's tackle?
What storms am I facing in my life right now, and how can I trust in God's power and sovereignty to get me through them, just as Paul and the crew did in Acts 27?
What does it mean to trust in God's sovereignty, and how can I cultivate that trust in my own life, especially in difficult circumstances?

Gill's Exposition on Acts 27:19

And the third day,.... From the time this storm began, and this tempestuous weather held: we cast out with our own hands the tackling of the ship; by which seems to be meant their naval stores and

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Acts 27:19

And the third day we cast out with our own hands the tackling of the ship.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on Acts 27:19

All the ship’ s furniture which it had either for ornament or defence, and not their ballast or lumber only: so willingly do men part with all things for their lives; which yet are but short, and, at best, mixed with care and sorrow, ,2.

Trapp's Commentary on Acts 27:19

19 And the third day we cast out with our own hands the tackling of the ship. Ver. 19. The tackling of the ship] eth hacchelim, Jonah 1:15, which is almost our word "tackling."

Ellicott's Commentary on Acts 27:19

(19) We cast out with our own hands the tackling of the ship.—The better MSS. give the third person plural, and not the first. If we accept the Received text, the fact that the passengers as well as the crew were pressed into the service indicates the urgency of the peril; but even with the other reading, the words describe the prompt spontaneous action caused by a strong sense of danger. The Greek word for “tackling” (better, perhaps, furniture) is wider in its range than the English, and includes the beds and personal luggage and movables of all kinds. Even these the sailors were ready to sacrifice for the chance of safety.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on Acts 27:19

Verse 19. The tackling of the ship.] τηνσκευην; All supernumerary anchors, cables, baggage, &c.

Cambridge Bible on Acts 27:19

19. we cast out with our own hands] The oldest MSS., with R. V. read “They cast out with their &c.” which is much more likely than that the writer of the narrative, even if he were a fellow-traveller with St Paul in this voyage, was employed in such a work, which is pre-eminently that which the sailors alone would undertake.the tackling] (Gk. furniture). The word is closely akin to that used in Acts 27:17 for “gear.” As that signified all that could be spared from aloft, so this seems to mean all that could be removed from the deck or the hull of the vessel.

Barnes' Notes on Acts 27:19

The tackling of the ship - The anchors, sails, cables, baggage, etc. That is, everything that was not indispensable to its preservation, for it seems still Acts 27:29 that they retained some of their anchors on board.

Whedon's Commentary on Acts 27:19

19. Third day—After leaving Fair Havens. Own hands—The passengers, including Luke himself. Tackling—At this second lightening they threw over the ship’s rigging.

Sermons on Acts 27:19

	Sermon	Description
	Letters to Olympias - Part 1 by St. John Chrysostom	John Chrysostom addresses the deaconess Olympias, encouraging her to endure suffering with patience and faith. He reminds her of the trials faced by Job and Lazarus, emphasizing th
	The Pathway of the Cross by Jessie Penn-Lewis	Jessie Penn-Lewis emphasizes the necessity of experiencing the Cross subjectively to bear fruit in the Christian life, illustrating that true fellowship with Christ involves dying
	1 Peter 3:10 by John Gill	John Gill emphasizes the importance of loving life through righteous living as outlined in 1 Peter 3:10. He explains that true love for life involves avoiding evil, doing good, and
	Questions/answers on the Interpretation of Old Testament Scriptures by James Blaine Chapman	James Blaine Chapman addresses various questions from the Bible, shedding light on misunderstood passages and providing insightful explanations. From Noah's unintentional vice to t
	Prevailing Pleas, or the Hope and Savior of Israel by J.C. Philpot	J.C. Philpot preaches about the prophet Jeremiah's heartfelt plea to God, questioning why He seems distant and unable to save, amidst the deep sin and idolatry of Judah and Jerusal
	Baptism of the Spirit by Leonard Ravenhill	In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of learning from history and not repeating the mistakes of the past. He highlights the 400 years of captivity that the Israel
	Dying to Self by Bill McLeod	In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the concept of dying to oneself in order to find spiritual power and fulfill the larger cause of Jesus Christ. He references the verse John