Menu

Deuteronomy 8:16

Deuteronomy 8:16 in Multiple Translations

He fed you in the wilderness with manna that your fathers had not known, in order to humble you and test you, so that in the end He might cause you to prosper.

Who fed thee in the wilderness with manna, which thy fathers knew not, that he might humble thee, and that he might prove thee, to do thee good at thy latter end;

who fed thee in the wilderness with manna, which thy fathers knew not; that he might humble thee, and that he might prove thee, to do thee good at thy latter end:

Who gave you manna for your food in the waste land, a food which your fathers had never seen; so that your pride might be broken and your hearts tested for your good in the end;

He fed you in the desert with manna that your forefathers had never known, humbling you and testing you, so that eventually you would do well in the future.

Who fed thee in the wildernesse with MAN, which thy fathers knewe not) to humble thee, and and to proue thee, that he might doe thee good at thy latter ende.

who is causing thee to eat manna in the wilderness, which thy fathers have not known, in order to humble thee, and in order to try thee, to do thee good in thy latter end),

who fed you in the wilderness with manna, which your fathers didn’t know, that he might humble you, and that he might prove you, to do you good at your latter end;

Who fed thee in the wilderness with manna, which thy fathers knew not, that he might humble thee, and that he might prove thee, to do thee good at thy latter end.

And fed thee in the wilderness with manna which thy fathers knew not. And after he had afflicted and proved thee, at the last he had mercy on thee,

Do not forget that in that desert he gave your ancestors manna to eat, food that they had never eaten before. He caused them to have/experience many problems/difficulties, because he wanted them to realize that they needed to trust him and not themselves. And he wanted to test them, to find out whether they intended to obey him, in order that when those difficulties ended, he would do many good things for them.

Study Highlights

Key words in the translations above are automatically highlighted. Names of God and Jesus are marked in purple, the Holy Spirit in orange, divine action verbs are underlined, and repeated key words are highlighted in yellow.

Enable Study Highlights
God & Jesus
Holy Spirit
Divine Actions
Repeated Words

Berean Amplified Bible — Deuteronomy 8:16

BAB
Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Deuteronomy 8:16 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB הַ/מַּֽאֲכִ֨לְ/ךָ֥ מָן֙ בַּ/מִּדְבָּ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא יָדְע֖וּ/ן אֲבֹתֶ֑י/ךָ לְמַ֣עַן עַנֹּֽתְ/ךָ֗ וּ/לְמַ֨עַן֙ נַסֹּתֶ֔/ךָ לְ/הֵיטִֽבְ/ךָ֖ בְּ/אַחֲרִיתֶֽ/ךָ
הַ/מַּֽאֲכִ֨לְ/ךָ֥ ʼâkal H398 to eat Art | V-Hiphil | Suff
מָן֙ mân H4478 manna N-ms
בַּ/מִּדְבָּ֔ר midbâr H4057 mouth Prep | N-ms
אֲשֶׁ֥ר ʼăsher H834 which Rel
לֹא lôʼ H3808 not Part
יָדְע֖וּ/ן yâdaʻ H3045 to know V-Qal-Perf-3cp | Suff
אֲבֹתֶ֑י/ךָ ʼâb H1 father N-mp | Suff
לְמַ֣עַן maʻan H4616 because Prep
עַנֹּֽתְ/ךָ֗ ʻânâh H6031 be occupied V-Piel-Inf-a | Suff
וּ/לְמַ֨עַן֙ maʻan H4616 because Conj | Prep
נַסֹּתֶ֔/ךָ nâçâh H5254 to test V-Piel-Inf-a | Suff
לְ/הֵיטִֽבְ/ךָ֖ yâṭab H3190 be good Prep | V-Hiphil-Inf-a | Suff
בְּ/אַחֲרִיתֶֽ/ךָ ʼachărîyth H319 end Prep | N-fs | Suff
Hebrew Word Study

Select any word above to explore its original meaning, root, and usage across Scripture.

Use arrow keys to navigate between words.

Hebrew Word Reference — Deuteronomy 8:16

הַ/מַּֽאֲכִ֨לְ/ךָ֥ ʼâkal H398 "to eat" Art | V-Hiphil | Suff
This word means to eat or devour, and it's used in many stories, including when Jesus fed the 5000 with fish and bread in the book of Matthew. It's about taking in nourishment and being satisfied.
Definition: 1) to eat, devour, burn up, feed 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to eat (human subject) 1a2) to eat, devour (of beasts and birds) 1a3) to devour, consume (of fire) 1a4) to devour, slay (of sword) 1a5) to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects - ie, pestilence, drought) 1a6) to devour (of oppression) 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be eaten (by men) 1b2) to be devoured, consumed (of fire) 1b3) to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh) 1c) (Pual) 1c1) to cause to eat, feed with 1c2) to cause to devour 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to feed 1d2) to cause to eat 1e) (Piel) 1e1) consume Aramaic equivalent: a.khal (אֲכַל "to devour" H0399)
Usage: Occurs in 703 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite. See also: Genesis 2:16; Leviticus 6:9; Numbers 24:8.
מָן֙ mân H4478 "manna" N-ms
This word refers to a special food God provided for the Israelites in the wilderness, called manna. It got its name from the question the Israelites asked when they saw it: 'What is it?'
Definition: 1) manna 1a) the bread from Heaven that fed the Israelites for 40 years of wilderness wanderings
Usage: Occurs in 12 OT verses. KJV: manna. See also: Exodus 16:15; Numbers 11:9; Psalms 78:24.
בַּ/מִּדְבָּ֔ר midbâr H4057 "mouth" Prep | N-ms
The wilderness refers to a desert or open field, like the one the Israelites wandered in after leaving Egypt. It can also mean a place of solitude or a region without many people. In the Bible, it is often associated with the journey to the Promised Land.
Definition: 1) mouth 1a) mouth (as organ of speech)
Usage: Occurs in 257 OT verses. KJV: desert, south, speech, wilderness. See also: Genesis 14:6; Joshua 5:4; Psalms 29:8.
אֲשֶׁ֥ר ʼăsher H834 "which" Rel
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Definition: A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when
Usage: Occurs in 4440 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:16.
לֹא lôʼ H3808 "not" Part
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Definition: 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Usage: Occurs in 3967 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without. See also: Genesis 2:5; Genesis 31:15; Exodus 4:9.
יָדְע֖וּ/ן yâdaʻ H3045 "to know" V-Qal-Perf-3cp | Suff
The Hebrew word for to know means to ascertain by seeing, and is used in many senses, including to learn, perceive, and recognize, as seen in various KJV translations.
Definition: 1) to know 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to know 1a1a) to know, learn to know 1a1b) to perceive 1a1c) to perceive and see, find out and discern 1a1d) to discriminate, distinguish 1a1e) to know by experience 1a1f) to recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess 1a1g) to consider 1a2) to know, be acquainted with 1a3) to know (a person carnally) 1a4) to know how, be skilful in 1a5) to have knowledge, be wise 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be made known, be or become known, be revealed 1b2) to make oneself known 1b3) to be perceived 1b4) to be instructed 1c) (Piel) to cause to know 1d) (Poal) to cause to know 1e) (Pual) 1e1) to be known 1e2) known, one known, acquaintance (participle) 1f) (Hiphil) to make known, declare 1g) (Hophal) to be made known 1h) (Hithpael) to make oneself known, reveal oneself Aramaic equivalent: ye.da (יְדַע "to know" H3046)
Usage: Occurs in 874 OT verses. KJV: acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware, (un-) awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, [idiom] could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to) discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel, can have, be (ig-) norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have (knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, [phrase] be learned, [phrase] lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, [idiom] prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell, understand, have (understanding), [idiom] will be, wist, wit, wot. See also: Genesis 3:5; Leviticus 5:4; Judges 21:12.
אֲבֹתֶ֑י/ךָ ʼâb H1 "father" N-mp | Suff
In Hebrew, this word means father, whether literal or figurative. It is used to describe God as the father of his people, as well as human fathers like Abraham. The word is about a paternal relationship or authority.
Definition: 1) father of an individual 2) of God as father of his people 3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan 4) ancestor 4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person 4b) of people 5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art 6) of producer, generator (fig.) 7) of benevolence and protection (fig.) 8) term of respect and honour 9) ruler or chief (spec.) Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)
Usage: Occurs in 1060 OT verses. KJV: chief, (fore-) father(-less), [idiom] patrimony, principal. Compare names in 'Abi-'. See also: Genesis 2:24; Genesis 42:37; Leviticus 19:3.
לְמַ֣עַן maʻan H4616 "because" Prep
This Hebrew word means because of something or for a specific purpose. It is used to explain why something happens or is done. In the Bible, it is used to describe God's intentions or purposes.
Definition: 1) purpose, intent prep 1a) for the sake of 1b) in view of, on account of 1c) for the purpose of, to the intent that, in order to conj 1d) to the end that
Usage: Occurs in 252 OT verses. KJV: because of, to the end (intent) that, for (to,... 's sake), [phrase] lest, that, to. See also: Genesis 12:13; 2 Kings 13:23; Psalms 5:9.
עַנֹּֽתְ/ךָ֗ ʻânâh H6031 "be occupied" V-Piel-Inf-a | Suff
To afflict or oppress someone, making them feel low or depressed. In the Bible, it can also mean to humble oneself, as seen in Psalm 35:13. It involves being put down or becoming weak.
Definition: (Qal) to be occupied, be busied with
Usage: Occurs in 79 OT verses. KJV: abase self, afflict(-ion, self), answer (by mistake for H6030 (עָנָה)), chasten self, deal hardly with, defile, exercise, force, gentleness, humble (self), hurt, ravish, sing (by mistake for H6030 (עָנָה)), speak (by mistake for H6030 (עָנָה)), submit self, weaken, [idiom] in any wise. See also: Genesis 15:13; 2 Kings 17:20; Psalms 35:13.
וּ/לְמַ֨עַן֙ maʻan H4616 "because" Conj | Prep
This Hebrew word means because of something or for a specific purpose. It is used to explain why something happens or is done. In the Bible, it is used to describe God's intentions or purposes.
Definition: 1) purpose, intent prep 1a) for the sake of 1b) in view of, on account of 1c) for the purpose of, to the intent that, in order to conj 1d) to the end that
Usage: Occurs in 252 OT verses. KJV: because of, to the end (intent) that, for (to,... 's sake), [phrase] lest, that, to. See also: Genesis 12:13; 2 Kings 13:23; Psalms 5:9.
נַסֹּתֶ֔/ךָ nâçâh H5254 "to test" V-Piel-Inf-a | Suff
This Hebrew word means to test or try something, often to prove its worth or character. It is used in stories like Job, where God allows Satan to test Job's faith. The idea of testing is also seen in the wilderness, where the Israelites were tested by God.
Definition: : test 1) to test, try, prove, tempt, assay, put to the proof or test 1a) (Piel) 1a1) to test, try 1a2) to attempt, assay, try 1a3) to test, try, prove, tempt
Usage: Occurs in 34 OT verses. KJV: adventure, assay, prove, tempt, try. See also: Genesis 22:1; Judges 6:39; Psalms 26:2.
לְ/הֵיטִֽבְ/ךָ֖ yâṭab H3190 "be good" Prep | V-Hiphil-Inf-a | Suff
To be good means to be pleasing or joyful, making something or someone sound, beautiful, or happy. It is used in various forms, including being glad, doing well, or being content. It appears in many books, including Psalms and Proverbs.
Definition: 1) to be good, be pleasing, be well, be glad 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to be glad, be joyful 1a2) to be well placed 1a3) to be well for, be well with, go well with 1a4) to be pleasing, be pleasing to 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to make glad, rejoice 1b2) to do good to, deal well with 1b3) to do well, do thoroughly 1b4) to make a thing good or right or beautiful 1b5) to do well, do right
Usage: Occurs in 105 OT verses. KJV: be accepted, amend, use aright, benefit, be (make) better, seem best, make cheerful, be comely, [phrase] be content, diligent(-ly), dress, earnestly, find favour, give, be glad, do (be, make) good(-ness), be (make) merry, please ([phrase] well), shew more (kindness), skilfully, [idiom] very small, surely, make sweet, thoroughly, tire, trim, very, be (can, deal, entreat, go, have) well (said, seen). See also: Genesis 4:7; 2 Samuel 3:36; Psalms 33:3.
בְּ/אַחֲרִיתֶֽ/ךָ ʼachărîyth H319 "end" Prep | N-fs | Suff
End refers to the last or final part of something, including time or events. It can also mean the future or what comes after. In the Bible, it is often used to describe the latter time or posterity.
Definition: 1) after part, end 1a) end, issue, event 1b) latter time (prophetic for future time) 1c) posterity 1d) last, hindermost Aramaic equivalent: a.cha.rit (אַחֲרִית "latter" H0320)
Usage: Occurs in 60 OT verses. KJV: (last, latter) end (time), hinder (utter) -most, length, posterity, remnant, residue, reward. See also: Genesis 49:1; Ecclesiastes 7:8; Psalms 37:37.

Study Notes — Deuteronomy 8:16

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 Deuteronomy 8:3 He humbled you, and in your hunger He gave you manna to eat, which neither you nor your fathers had known, so that you might understand that man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of the LORD.
2 James 1:12 Blessed is the man who perseveres under trial, because when he has stood the test, he will receive the crown of life that God has promised to those who love Him.
3 Exodus 16:15 When the Israelites saw it, they asked one another, “What is it?” For they did not know what it was. So Moses told them, “It is the bread that the LORD has given you to eat.
4 Hebrews 12:10–11 Our fathers disciplined us for a short time as they thought best, but God disciplines us for our good, so that we may share in His holiness. No discipline seems enjoyable at the time, but painful. Later on, however, it yields a harvest of righteousness and peace to those who have been trained by it.
5 Jeremiah 24:5–6 “This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘Like these good figs, so I regard as good the exiles from Judah, whom I have sent away from this place to the land of the Chaldeans. I will keep My eyes on them for good and will return them to this land. I will build them up and not tear them down; I will plant them and not uproot them.
6 1 Peter 1:7 so that the proven character of your faith—more precious than gold, which perishes even though refined by fire—may result in praise, glory, and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ.
7 Lamentations 3:26–33 It is good to wait quietly for the salvation of the LORD. It is good for a man to bear the yoke while he is still young. Let him sit alone in silence, for God has disciplined him. Let him bury his face in the dust— perhaps there is still hope. Let him offer his cheek to the one who would strike him; let him be filled with reproach. For the Lord will not cast us off forever. Even if He causes grief, He will show compassion according to His abundant loving devotion. For He does not willingly afflict or grieve the sons of men.
8 2 Corinthians 4:17 For our light and momentary affliction is producing for us an eternal glory that is far beyond comparison.
9 Romans 8:28 And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, who are called according to His purpose.

Deuteronomy 8:16 Summary

This verse reminds us that God provides for us in amazing ways, even when we don't understand what's happening, as seen in Deuteronomy 8:16. He wants to humble us, or help us recognize our need for Him, so we can trust in His goodness and provision, just like the Israelites did when He fed them manna in the wilderness (Exodus 16:4-36). When we go through hard times, it's an opportunity for us to grow closer to God and learn to rely on Him, as taught in Romans 5:3-5 and James 1:2-4. By trusting in God's love and care, we can experience true prosperity, which is not just about having a lot of stuff, but about having a deep and meaningful relationship with Him (Matthew 6:33).

Frequently Asked Questions

Why did God feed the Israelites with manna in the wilderness?

God fed the Israelites with manna to humble them and test their faith, as stated in Deuteronomy 8:16, so they would rely on Him and not their own strength, similar to how He provided for the Israelites in Exodus 16:4-36.

What does it mean to be humbled by God?

To be humbled by God means to be brought to a place of recognition of our dependence on Him, as seen in Deuteronomy 8:16, and to surrender our pride and self-sufficiency, as taught in Proverbs 22:4 and James 4:10.

How does God's testing lead to prosperity?

God's testing, as mentioned in Deuteronomy 8:16, is not to harm us but to refine us, as seen in Job 23:10, and to prepare us for the blessings and prosperity He has in store for us, as promised in Jeremiah 29:11 and Romans 8:28.

Can we apply this verse to our own lives today?

Yes, we can apply Deuteronomy 8:16 to our lives by recognizing that God is still our Provider and that He uses various circumstances to test and humble us, as taught in Psalm 23:4 and 1 Peter 1:6-7, so we can trust in His goodness and provision.

Reflection Questions

  1. What are some ways God has provided for me in the past, and how can I acknowledge and thank Him for those blessings?
  2. In what areas of my life do I need to surrender my pride and self-sufficiency to God, and how can I practically do that?
  3. How can I trust God's goodness and provision when I'm going through difficult times, and what promises can I hold onto?
  4. What does it mean for me to prosper in God's eyes, and how can I align my definition of prosperity with His, as seen in Deuteronomy 8:16 and Matthew 6:33?

Gill's Exposition on Deuteronomy 8:16

Who fed thee in the wilderness with manna,.... Even all the forty years they were in it, Exodus 16:35 which thy fathers knew not; when they first saw it, Exodus 16:15 that he might humble thee, and

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Deuteronomy 8:16

Beware that thou forget not the LORD thy God, in not keeping his commandments, and his judgments, and his statutes, which I command thee this day: Beware that thou forget not the Lord.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on Deuteronomy 8:16

That he night humble thee, by keeping thee in a constant dependence upon him for every day’ s food, and convincing thee what an impotent, helpless, and beggarly creature thou art in thyself, having nothing whereon to subsist, but from hand to mouth, and being supported wholly by the alms of Divine goodness given to thee from day to day. The mercies of God, if duly considered, are as powerful an argument or mean to humble us as the greatest afflictions, because they increase our debts to God, and manifest our dependence upon him, and insufficiency without him; and by making God great, they make us little in our own eyes; though this clause, as well as that which follows, may have respect to their afflictions, mentioned . At thy latter end, i.e. that after he hath purged and prepared thee by afflictions, he may give thee, and thou mayst receive and enjoy, his blessings with less disadvantage, whilst by the remembrance of former afflictions thou art made thankful for them, and more cautious not to abuse and forfeit them again.

Trapp's Commentary on Deuteronomy 8:16

Deuteronomy 8:16 Who fed thee in the wilderness with manna, which thy fathers knew not, that he might humble thee, and that he might prove thee, to do thee good at thy latter end;Ver. 16. Who fed thee.] God will give his people Pluviam escatilem, et petram aquatilem. He will set the flint abroach, and rain corn from heaven, rather than they shall pine and perish. Tertul., De Patient.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on Deuteronomy 8:16

Verse 16. Who fed thee - with manna] See this miracle described See Clarke on Exodus 16:13, &c.

Cambridge Bible on Deuteronomy 8:16

16. See on Deuteronomy 8:2-3 and Deuteronomy 4:34. to do thee good] Deuteronomy 28:63, Pl., Deuteronomy 30:5, Sg. thy latter end] Misleading translation. Lit. thine afterness, thy later years. There is nothing eschatological in the phrase. Steuernagel marks Deuteronomy 8:14 b, Deuteronomy 8:15 and Deuteronomy 8:16 as an intrusion on the grounds that they but repeat Deuteronomy 8:2 b, Deuteronomy 8:3, and spoil the connection between Deuteronomy 8:14 a and Deuteronomy 8:17. But the deuteronomic style is given to repetition, and here the writer not only repeats but carries his argument to a climax in the phrase to do thee good in thy later days.

Barnes' Notes on Deuteronomy 8:16

To do thee good at thy latter end - This is presented as the result of God’s dealings.

Whedon's Commentary on Deuteronomy 8:16

16. At thy latter end — The Hebrew word which our translators have rendered latter end is the same that is used in Genesis 49:1, and Isaiah 2:2. In both cases it is rendered last days.

Sermons on Deuteronomy 8:16

SermonDescription
Jim Cymbala Enduring the Test by Jim Cymbala In this sermon, the speaker discusses the journey of the Israelites as they were led by God out of Egypt towards the land of Canaan. The speaker emphasizes the importance of trusti
Basilea Schlink Four Watchwords for Times of Divine Judgment by Basilea Schlink In this sermon, Basilea Schlink shares her personal experience of going through a period of divine judgment and chastening. She emphasizes the importance of humbling oneself under
John Piper Can God Spread a Table in the Wilderness? by John Piper John Piper preaches about God's purpose in leading His people through the wilderness, emphasizing the lessons of humility, dependence, and trust that are learned in the midst of tr
Paul Washer (Biblical Manhood) -Evening Banquet by Paul Washer In this sermon, the speaker expresses his deep concern for the upbringing of his young children and acknowledges his own shortcomings. He emphasizes the importance of studying and
A.W. Tozer (1 Peter - Part 18): On Laying Aside Certain Things by A.W. Tozer In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes that it is God who infuses the element of eternity into everything. Without God's intervention, mortality and corruptibility are inevitable.
Oswald J. Smith The Morning Watch - Part 2 by Oswald J. Smith In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of spending time in both reading the Word of God and praying. He encourages listeners to start their day by immersing themselv
Greg Laurie How to Effectively Resist Temptation by Greg Laurie In this sermon, Pastor Greg Glory teaches on how to effectively resist temptation, using Luke chapter 4 verses 1-14 as the basis for his message. He begins by acknowledging that te

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate