Esther 9:1
Esther 9:1 in Multiple Translations
On the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar, the king’s command and edict were to be executed. On this day the enemies of the Jews had hoped to overpower them, but their plan was overturned and the Jews overpowered those who hated them.
Now in the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king’s commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution, in the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to have power over them, (though it was turned to the contrary, that the Jews had rule over them that hated them;)
Now in the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king’s commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution, on the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to have rule over them (whereas it was turned to the contrary, that the Jews had rule over them that hated them),
Now on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, when the time came for the king's order to be put into effect, on the very day when the haters of the Jews had been hoping to have rule over them; though the opposite had come about, and the Jews had rule over their haters;
On the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar, the king's order and decree were to be carried out. That day the enemies of the Jews had thought they would crush them, but the exact opposite happened—the Jews crushed their enemies.
So in the twelft moneth, which is the moneth Adar, vpon the thirteenth daye of the same, when the Kings commandement and his decree drew neere to be put in execution, in the day that the enemies of the Iewes hoped to haue power ouer them (but it turned contrary: for the Iewes had rule ouer them that hated them)
And in the twelfth month — it [is] the month of Adar — on the thirteenth day of it, in which the word of the king, even his law, hath come to be done, in the day that the enemies of the Jews had hoped to rule over them, and it is turned that the Jews rule over those hating them —
Now in the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the month, when the king’s commandment and his decree came near to be put in execution, on the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to conquer them, (but it turned out that the opposite happened, that the Jews conquered those who hated them),
Now in the twelfth month, that is , the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king's commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution, in the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to have power over them, (though it was turned to the contrary, that the Jews had rule over them that hated them;)
So on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which as we have said above is called Adar, when all the Jews were designed to be massacred, and their enemies were greedy after their blood, the case being altered, the Jews began to have the upper hand, and to revenge themselves of their adversaries.
The first law that the king had commanded was to be made effective on March 7th. On that day the enemies of the Jews hoped to get rid of them. But instead, on that same day the Jews defeated their enemies.
Berean Amplified Bible — Esther 9:1
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Esther 9:1 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וּ/בִ/שְׁנֵים֩
עָשָׂ֨ר
חֹ֜דֶשׁ
הוּא
חֹ֣דֶשׁ
אֲדָ֗ר
בִּ/שְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה
עָשָׂ֥ר
יוֹם֙
בּ֔/וֹ
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
הִגִּ֧יעַ
דְּבַר
הַ/מֶּ֛לֶךְ
וְ/דָת֖/וֹ
לְ/הֵעָשׂ֑וֹת
בַּ/יּ֗וֹם
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
שִׂבְּר֜וּ
אֹיְבֵ֤י
הַ/יְּהוּדִים֙
לִ/שְׁל֣וֹט
בָּ/הֶ֔ם
וְ/נַהֲפ֣וֹךְ
ה֔וּא
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
יִשְׁלְט֧וּ
הַ/יְּהוּדִ֛ים
הֵ֖מָּה
בְּ/שֹׂנְאֵי/הֶֽם
וּ/בִ/שְׁנֵים֩
shᵉnayim
H8147
two
Conj | Prep | Adj
עָשָׂ֨ר
ʻâsâr
H6240
ten
Adj
חֹ֜דֶשׁ
chôdesh
H2320
month
N-ms
הוּא
hûwʼ
H1931
he/she/it
Pron
חֹ֣דֶשׁ
chôdesh
H2320
month
N-ms
אֲדָ֗ר
ʼĂdâr
H143
Adar
N-proper
בִּ/שְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה
shâlôwsh
H7969
three
Prep | Adj
עָשָׂ֥ר
ʻâsâr
H6240
ten
Adj
יוֹם֙
yôwm
H3117
day
N-ms
בּ֔/וֹ
Prep | Suff
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
ʼăsher
H834
which
Rel
הִגִּ֧יעַ
nâgaʻ
H5060
to touch
V-Hiphil-Perf-3ms
דְּבַר
dâbâr
H1697
Chronicles
N-ms
הַ/מֶּ֛לֶךְ
melek
H4428
King's
Art | N-ms
וְ/דָת֖/וֹ
dâth
H1881
law
Conj | N-fs | Suff
לְ/הֵעָשׂ֑וֹת
ʻâsâh
H6213
to make
Prep | V-Niphal-Inf-a
בַּ/יּ֗וֹם
yôwm
H3117
day
Prep | N-ms
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
ʼăsher
H834
which
Rel
שִׂבְּר֜וּ
sâbar
H7663
to inspect
V-Piel-Perf-3cp
אֹיְבֵ֤י
ʼôyêb
H341
enemy
V-Qal
הַ/יְּהוּדִים֙
Yᵉhûwdîy
H3064
of Judah
Art | Ngmpa
לִ/שְׁל֣וֹט
shâlaṭ
H7980
to domineer
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
בָּ/הֶ֔ם
Prep | Suff
וְ/נַהֲפ֣וֹךְ
hâphak
H2015
to overturn
Conj | V-Niphal-Ptc
ה֔וּא
hûwʼ
H1931
he/she/it
Pron
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
ʼăsher
H834
which
Rel
יִשְׁלְט֧וּ
shâlaṭ
H7980
to domineer
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp
הַ/יְּהוּדִ֛ים
Yᵉhûwdîy
H3064
of Judah
Art | Ngmpa
הֵ֖מָּה
hêm
H1992
they(masc.)
Pron
בְּ/שֹׂנְאֵי/הֶֽם
sânêʼ
H8130
to hate
Prep | V-Qal | Suff
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Esther 9:1
וּ/בִ/שְׁנֵים֩
shᵉnayim
H8147
"two"
Conj | Prep | Adj
The Hebrew word for the number two appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing pairs and dualities. It can also mean double or twice. In the Bible, it is often used to describe things that come in twos, like two witnesses or two tablets.
Definition: 1) two 1a) two (the cardinal number) 1a1) two, both, double, twice 1b) second (the ordinal number) 1c) in combination with other numbers 1d) both (a dual number)
Usage: Occurs in 646 OT verses. KJV: both, couple, double, second, twain, [phrase] twelfth, [phrase] twelve, [phrase] twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two. See also: Genesis 1:16; Exodus 30:4; Numbers 13:23.
עָשָׂ֨ר
ʻâsâr
H6240
"ten"
Adj
In Hebrew, this word means ten, and is used to form numbers like eleven or thirteen, as seen in Genesis 31:41. It is always used in combination with other numbers.
Definition: 1) ten, -teen (in combination with other numbers) 1a) used only in combination to make the numbers 11-19
Usage: Occurs in 292 OT verses. KJV: (eigh-, fif-, four-, nine-, seven-, six-, thir-) teen(-th), [phrase] eleven(-th), [phrase] sixscore thousand, [phrase] twelve(-th). See also: Genesis 5:8; Joshua 21:7; 1 Chronicles 25:27.
חֹ֜דֶשׁ
chôdesh
H2320
"month"
N-ms
The Hebrew term for month, specifically referring to the new moon and the lunar cycle, as described in the book of Exodus and the festivals of Israel. It marks the beginning of a new month in the Hebrew calendar.
Definition: : month 1) the new moon, month, monthly 1a) the first day of the month 1b) the lunar month
Usage: Occurs in 224 OT verses. KJV: month(-ly), new moon. See also: Genesis 7:11; 1 Chronicles 3:4; Psalms 81:4.
הוּא
hûwʼ
H1931
"he/she/it"
Pron
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Definition: pron 3p s 1) he, she, it 1a) himself (with emphasis) 1b) resuming subj with emphasis 1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate) 1d) (anticipating subj) 1e) (emphasising predicate) 1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron 2) that (with article)
Usage: Occurs in 1693 OT verses. KJV: he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who. See also: Genesis 2:11; Genesis 32:19; Exodus 21:3.
חֹ֣דֶשׁ
chôdesh
H2320
"month"
N-ms
The Hebrew term for month, specifically referring to the new moon and the lunar cycle, as described in the book of Exodus and the festivals of Israel. It marks the beginning of a new month in the Hebrew calendar.
Definition: : month 1) the new moon, month, monthly 1a) the first day of the month 1b) the lunar month
Usage: Occurs in 224 OT verses. KJV: month(-ly), new moon. See also: Genesis 7:11; 1 Chronicles 3:4; Psalms 81:4.
אֲדָ֗ר
ʼĂdâr
H143
"Adar"
N-proper
Adar is the 12th month of the Hebrew calendar, which falls in March or April. It means 'glorious' and is mentioned in the Bible as a time for certain events. The KJV translates it as 'Adar'.
Definition: Adar = "glorious" twelfth month, corresponding to modern March-April Also named: a.dar (אֲדָר "Adar" H0144)
Usage: Occurs in 8 OT verses. KJV: Adar. See also: Esther 3:7; Esther 9:15; Esther 9:21.
בִּ/שְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה
shâlôwsh
H7969
"three"
Prep | Adj
This Hebrew word means three or thrice, and is used to describe quantities or repetitions in the Bible. It appears in various forms, including three, third, and thirteen.
Definition: 1) three, triad 1a) 3, 300, third Aramaic equivalent: te.lat (תְּלָת "three" H8532)
Usage: Occurs in 381 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] fork, [phrase] often(-times), third, thir(-teen, -teenth), three, [phrase] thrice. Compare H7991 (שָׁלִישׁ). See also: Genesis 5:22; Joshua 1:11; 2 Kings 9:32.
עָשָׂ֥ר
ʻâsâr
H6240
"ten"
Adj
In Hebrew, this word means ten, and is used to form numbers like eleven or thirteen, as seen in Genesis 31:41. It is always used in combination with other numbers.
Definition: 1) ten, -teen (in combination with other numbers) 1a) used only in combination to make the numbers 11-19
Usage: Occurs in 292 OT verses. KJV: (eigh-, fif-, four-, nine-, seven-, six-, thir-) teen(-th), [phrase] eleven(-th), [phrase] sixscore thousand, [phrase] twelve(-th). See also: Genesis 5:8; Joshua 21:7; 1 Chronicles 25:27.
יוֹם֙
yôwm
H3117
"day"
N-ms
The Hebrew word 'yom' refers to a day, which can be a literal 24-hour period or a figurative space of time. It is used in the Bible to describe a wide range of time periods, from a single day to a year or a lifetime. The word 'yom' is used in many different contexts throughout the Bible.
Definition: : day/when/time/period 1) day, time, year 1a) day (as opposed to night) 1b) day (24 hour period) 1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1 1b2) as a division of time 1b2a) a working day, a day's journey 1c) days, lifetime (pl.) 1d) time, period (general) 1e) year 1f) temporal references 1f1) today 1f2) yesterday 1f3) tomorrow
Usage: Occurs in 1930 OT verses. KJV: age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger. See also: Genesis 1:5; Genesis 33:13; Exodus 23:15.
בּ֔/וֹ
""
Prep | Suff
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
ʼăsher
H834
"which"
Rel
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Definition: A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when
Usage: Occurs in 4440 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:16.
הִגִּ֧יעַ
nâgaʻ
H5060
"to touch"
V-Hiphil-Perf-3ms
This Hebrew word means to touch or reach something, and can also mean to strike or defeat someone. It is used in Exodus to describe God's power and in Psalms to describe human emotions. The word has various translations, including beat, bring, and plague.
Definition: 1) to touch, reach, strike 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to touch 1a2) to strike 1a3) to reach, extend to 1a4) to be stricken 1a4a) stricken (participle) 1b) (Niphal) to be stricken, be defeated 1c) (Piel) to strike 1d) (Pual) to be stricken (by disease) 1e) (Hiphil) to cause to touch, reach, approach, arrive 1e1) to cause to touch, apply 1e2) to reach, extend, attain, arrive, come 1e3) to approach (of time) 1e4) to befall (of fate)
Usage: Occurs in 142 OT verses. KJV: beat, ([idiom] be able to) bring (down), cast, come (nigh), draw near (nigh), get up, happen, join, near, plague, reach (up), smite, strike, touch. See also: Genesis 3:3; 2 Chronicles 3:12; Psalms 32:6.
דְּבַר
dâbâr
H1697
"Chronicles"
N-ms
A word or thing, like a matter or affair, as seen in the book of Chronicles where it refers to the events and words of kings. It can also mean a cause or reason for something.
Definition: This name means word, speaking
Usage: Occurs in 1290 OT verses. KJV: act, advice, affair, answer, [idiom] any such (thing), because of, book, business, care, case, cause, certain rate, [phrase] chronicles, commandment, [idiom] commune(-ication), [phrase] concern(-ing), [phrase] confer, counsel, [phrase] dearth, decree, deed, [idiom] disease, due, duty, effect, [phrase] eloquent, errand, (evil favoured-) ness, [phrase] glory, [phrase] harm, hurt, [phrase] iniquity, [phrase] judgment, language, [phrase] lying, manner, matter, message, (no) thing, oracle, [idiom] ought, [idiom] parts, [phrase] pertaining, [phrase] please, portion, [phrase] power, promise, provision, purpose, question, rate, reason, report, request, [idiom] (as hast) said, sake, saying, sentence, [phrase] sign, [phrase] so, some (uncleanness), somewhat to say, [phrase] song, speech, [idiom] spoken, talk, task, [phrase] that, [idiom] there done, thing (concerning), thought, [phrase] thus, tidings, what(-soever), [phrase] wherewith, which, word, work. See also: Genesis 11:1; Exodus 23:8; Deuteronomy 18:21.
הַ/מֶּ֛לֶךְ
melek
H4428
"King's"
Art | N-ms
This word refers to a king or royal person, like King David or King Saul. It can also describe something related to a king, like the King's Valley in Genesis. The Bible often uses this word to talk about the rulers of Israel.
Definition: King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Usage: Occurs in 1919 OT verses. KJV: king, royal. See also: Genesis 14:1; Joshua 10:39; 1 Samuel 16:1.
וְ/דָת֖/וֹ
dâth
H1881
"law"
Conj | N-fs | Suff
This word means a law or decree, like a royal command, as seen in Esther and Daniel. It can also refer to a custom or tradition, like the laws given to Moses. The word is used to describe the rules and regulations of a kingdom or society.
Definition: 1) decree, law, edict, regulation, usage 1a) decree, edict, commission 1b) law, rule Aramaic equivalent: dat (דָּת "law" H1882)
Usage: Occurs in 21 OT verses. KJV: commandment, commission, decree, law, manner. See also: Deuteronomy 33:2; Esther 3:15; Esther 9:14.
לְ/הֵעָשׂ֑וֹת
ʻâsâh
H6213
"to make"
Prep | V-Niphal-Inf-a
This verb means to make or do something, and is used over 2,600 times in the Bible. It is first used in Genesis 1:7 to describe God's creation of the world and is also used in Exodus 31:5 to describe the work of skilled craftsmen.
Definition: : make(OBJECT) 1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to do, work, make, produce 1a1a) to do 1a1b) to work 1a1c) to deal (with) 1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect 1a2) to make 1a2a) to make 1a2b) to produce 1a2c) to prepare 1a2d) to make (an offering) 1a2e) to attend to, put in order 1a2f) to observe, celebrate 1a2g) to acquire (property) 1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute 1a2i) to bring about 1a2j) to use 1a2k) to spend, pass 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be done 1b2) to be made 1b3) to be produced 1b4) to be offered 1b5) to be observed 1b6) to be used 1c) (Pual) to be made
Usage: Occurs in 2286 OT verses. KJV: accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 34:19; Exodus 18:24.
בַּ/יּ֗וֹם
yôwm
H3117
"day"
Prep | N-ms
The Hebrew word 'yom' refers to a day, which can be a literal 24-hour period or a figurative space of time. It is used in the Bible to describe a wide range of time periods, from a single day to a year or a lifetime. The word 'yom' is used in many different contexts throughout the Bible.
Definition: : day/when/time/period 1) day, time, year 1a) day (as opposed to night) 1b) day (24 hour period) 1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1 1b2) as a division of time 1b2a) a working day, a day's journey 1c) days, lifetime (pl.) 1d) time, period (general) 1e) year 1f) temporal references 1f1) today 1f2) yesterday 1f3) tomorrow
Usage: Occurs in 1930 OT verses. KJV: age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger. See also: Genesis 1:5; Genesis 33:13; Exodus 23:15.
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
ʼăsher
H834
"which"
Rel
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Definition: A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when
Usage: Occurs in 4440 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:16.
שִׂבְּר֜וּ
sâbar
H7663
"to inspect"
V-Piel-Perf-3cp
This word means to wait or hope for something, often with patience and expectation. It involves watching and waiting with a sense of anticipation. In the Bible, it's translated as hope, tarry, or wait.
Definition: (Qal) to inspect, examine
Usage: Occurs in 8 OT verses. KJV: hope, tarry, view, wait. See also: Ruth 1:13; Psalms 104:27; Psalms 119:166.
אֹיְבֵ֤י
ʼôyêb
H341
"enemy"
V-Qal
This Hebrew word means enemy or adversary, referring to someone who hates or opposes another person or nation. It is used to describe personal or national enemies in the Bible.
Definition: 1) (Qal) enemy 1a) personal 1b) national
Usage: Occurs in 275 OT verses. KJV: enemy, foe. See also: Genesis 22:17; 2 Samuel 22:1; Psalms 3:8.
הַ/יְּהוּדִים֙
Yᵉhûwdîy
H3064
"of Judah"
Art | Ngmpa
This term refers to people from the tribe of Judah, including Judah himself, who was the son of Israel and Leah. It is used to describe the descendants of Judah, who are also known as Jews.
Definition: People descended from Judah, living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.29.35; son of: Israel (H3478) and Leah (H3812); brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074) and Dinah (H1783); half-brother of: Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); married to Bath-shua (H1323I) and Tamar (H8559); father of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209), Shelah (H7956), Perez (H6557) and Zerah (H2226I) Group of ye.hu.dah (יְהוּדָה "Judah" H3063) § Jew
Usage: Occurs in 69 OT verses. KJV: Jew. See also: 2 Kings 16:6; Esther 8:17; Jeremiah 32:12.
לִ/שְׁל֣וֹט
shâlaṭ
H7980
"to domineer"
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
To shalat means to have power or control over something, like dominating or ruling. It can also imply giving someone power or permission to act.
Definition: 1) to domineer, exercise power over, dominate, have mastery, be master, lord it over 1a) (Qal) to domineer, lord it over, become master 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to give power of 1b2) to get mastery of Aramaic equivalent: she.let (שְׁלֵט "to rule" H7981)
Usage: Occurs in 7 OT verses. KJV: (bear, have) rule, have dominion, give (have) power. See also: Nehemiah 5:15; Ecclesiastes 2:19; Psalms 119:133.
בָּ/הֶ֔ם
""
Prep | Suff
וְ/נַהֲפ֣וֹךְ
hâphak
H2015
"to overturn"
Conj | V-Niphal-Ptc
To overturn means to turn something around or change it completely, often implying a reversal or transformation. This can be seen in the Bible when something is turned upside down or changed radically.
Definition: 1) to turn, overthrow, overturn 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to overturn, overthrow 1a2) to turn, turn about, turn over, turn around 1a3) to change, transform 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to turn oneself, turn, turn back 1b2) to change oneself 1b3) to be perverse 1b4) to be turned, be turned over, be changed, be turned against 1b5) to be reversed 1b6) to be overturned, be overthrown 1b7) to be upturned 1c) (Hithpael) 1c1) to transform oneself 1c2) to turn this way and that, turn every way 1d) (Hophal) to turn on someone
Usage: Occurs in 92 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] become, change, come, be converted, give, make (a bed), overthrow (-turn), perverse, retire, tumble, turn (again, aside, back, to the contrary, every way). See also: Genesis 3:24; Job 30:15; Psalms 30:12.
ה֔וּא
hûwʼ
H1931
"he/she/it"
Pron
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Definition: pron 3p s 1) he, she, it 1a) himself (with emphasis) 1b) resuming subj with emphasis 1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate) 1d) (anticipating subj) 1e) (emphasising predicate) 1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron 2) that (with article)
Usage: Occurs in 1693 OT verses. KJV: he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who. See also: Genesis 2:11; Genesis 32:19; Exodus 21:3.
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
ʼăsher
H834
"which"
Rel
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Definition: A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when
Usage: Occurs in 4440 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:16.
יִשְׁלְט֧וּ
shâlaṭ
H7980
"to domineer"
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp
To shalat means to have power or control over something, like dominating or ruling. It can also imply giving someone power or permission to act.
Definition: 1) to domineer, exercise power over, dominate, have mastery, be master, lord it over 1a) (Qal) to domineer, lord it over, become master 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to give power of 1b2) to get mastery of Aramaic equivalent: she.let (שְׁלֵט "to rule" H7981)
Usage: Occurs in 7 OT verses. KJV: (bear, have) rule, have dominion, give (have) power. See also: Nehemiah 5:15; Ecclesiastes 2:19; Psalms 119:133.
הַ/יְּהוּדִ֛ים
Yᵉhûwdîy
H3064
"of Judah"
Art | Ngmpa
This term refers to people from the tribe of Judah, including Judah himself, who was the son of Israel and Leah. It is used to describe the descendants of Judah, who are also known as Jews.
Definition: People descended from Judah, living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.29.35; son of: Israel (H3478) and Leah (H3812); brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074) and Dinah (H1783); half-brother of: Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); married to Bath-shua (H1323I) and Tamar (H8559); father of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209), Shelah (H7956), Perez (H6557) and Zerah (H2226I) Group of ye.hu.dah (יְהוּדָה "Judah" H3063) § Jew
Usage: Occurs in 69 OT verses. KJV: Jew. See also: 2 Kings 16:6; Esther 8:17; Jeremiah 32:12.
הֵ֖מָּה
hêm
H1992
"they(masc.)"
Pron
This Hebrew word is used to refer to a group of men, emphasizing that it is specifically them. It is often translated as 'they' or 'them' in the Bible, and appears in books like Exodus and Isaiah.
Definition: they, these, the same, who
Usage: Occurs in 524 OT verses. KJV: it, like, [idiom] (how, so) many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, [idiom] so, [idiom] such, their, them, these, they, those, which, who, whom, withal, ye. See also: Genesis 3:7; Deuteronomy 19:17; 2 Kings 1:18.
בְּ/שֹׂנְאֵי/הֶֽם
sânêʼ
H8130
"to hate"
Prep | V-Qal | Suff
To hate means to feel intense dislike or hostility, as seen in the actions of enemies or foes in the Bible. It can also describe God's hatred of sin.
Definition: 1) to hate, be hateful 1a) (Qal) to hate 1a1) of man 1a2) of God 1a3) hater, one hating, enemy (participle) (subst) 1b) (Niphal) to be hated 1c) (Piel) hater (participle) 1c1) of persons, nations, God, wisdom Aramaic equivalent: se.ne (שְׂנָא "to hate" H8131)
Usage: Occurs in 139 OT verses. KJV: enemy, foe, (be) hate(-ful, -r), odious, [idiom] utterly. See also: Genesis 24:60; Psalms 50:17; Psalms 5:6.
Study Notes — Esther 9:1
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Esther 9:1 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Esther 9:1
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Esther 9:1
- Trapp's Commentary on Esther 9:1
- Ellicott's Commentary on Esther 9:1
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on Esther 9:1
- Cambridge Bible on Esther 9:1
- Barnes' Notes on Esther 9:1
- Whedon's Commentary on Esther 9:1
- Sermons on Esther 9:1
Context — The Jews Destroy Their Enemies
1On the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar, the king’s command and edict were to be executed. On this day the enemies of the Jews had hoped to overpower them, but their plan was overturned and the Jews overpowered those who hated them.
2In each of the provinces of King Xerxes, the Jews assembled in their cities to attack those who sought to harm them. No man could withstand them, because the fear of them had fallen upon all peoples. 3And all the officials of the provinces, the satraps, the governors, and the king’s administrators helped the Jews, because the fear of Mordecai had fallen upon them.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Esther 3:13 | And the letters were sent by couriers to each of the royal provinces with the order to destroy, kill, and annihilate all the Jews—young and old, women and children—and to plunder their possessions on a single day, the thirteenth day of Adar, the twelfth month. |
| 2 | Esther 8:12 | The single day appointed throughout all the provinces of King Xerxes was the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar. |
| 3 | Psalms 30:11 | You turned my mourning into dancing; You peeled off my sackcloth and clothed me with joy, |
| 4 | Revelation 11:18 | The nations were enraged, and Your wrath has come. The time has come to judge the dead and to reward Your servants the prophets, as well as the saints and those who fear Your name, both small and great— and to destroy those who destroy the earth.” |
| 5 | Isaiah 60:14–16 | The sons of your oppressors will come and bow down to you; all who reviled you will fall facedown at your feet and call you the City of the LORD, Zion of the Holy One of Israel. Whereas you have been forsaken and despised, with no one passing through, I will make you an everlasting pride, a joy from age to age. You will drink the milk of nations and nurse at the breasts of royalty; you will know that I, the LORD, am your Savior and your Redeemer, the Mighty One of Jacob. |
| 6 | 2 Samuel 22:41 | You have made my enemies retreat before me; I put an end to those who hated me. |
| 7 | Isaiah 14:1–2 | For the LORD will have compassion on Jacob; once again He will choose Israel and settle them in their own land. The foreigner will join them and unite with the house of Jacob. The nations will escort Israel and bring it to its homeland. Then the house of Israel will possess the nations as menservants and maidservants in the LORD’s land. They will make captives of their captors and rule over their oppressors. |
| 8 | Acts 12:11 | Then Peter came to himself and said, “Now I know for sure that the Lord has sent His angel and rescued me from Herod’s grasp and from everything the Jewish people were anticipating.” |
| 9 | Deuteronomy 32:36 | For the LORD will vindicate His people and have compassion on His servants when He sees that their strength is gone and no one remains, slave or free. |
| 10 | Esther 3:7 | In the twelfth year of King Xerxes, in the first month, the month of Nisan, the Pur (that is, the lot) was cast before Haman to determine a day and month. And the lot fell on the twelfth month, the month of Adar. |
Esther 9:1 Summary
Esther 9:1 tells us that the king's command to protect the Jewish people was carried out on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, and that the enemies of the Jews were not able to overpower them as they had hoped. Instead, the Jewish people were able to defend themselves and overcome their enemies, much like the Israelites in Exodus 14:13-14, where God delivered them from the Egyptians. This is a powerful reminder of God's power and protection, as seen in Psalm 121:7-8, where God promises to protect His people from harm. It also shows us that God is sovereign and can overturn even the best-laid plans of those who oppose Him, as seen in Genesis 50:20, where Joseph says that what his brothers meant for evil, God meant for good.
Frequently Asked Questions
What was the significance of the thirteenth day of the twelfth month in Esther 9:1?
The thirteenth day of the twelfth month was the day when the king's command and edict were to be executed, as stated in Esther 9:1, and it marked a turning point in the fortunes of the Jewish people, much like the turning point in the story of Joseph in Genesis 41:1, where God used a pagan king to save His people.
Why did the enemies of the Jews hope to overpower them on this day?
The enemies of the Jews hoped to overpower them because they had been deceived by the lies of Haman, as recorded in Esther 3:8-11, and they thought they had the upper hand, but God had other plans, as seen in Esther 9:1 and in other stories of God's intervention, such as Exodus 14:13-14, where God delivered the Israelites from the Egyptians.
What does it mean that the plan of the enemies was 'overturned' in Esther 9:1?
When it says that the plan of the enemies was 'overturned', it means that God intervened and reversed the fortunes of the Jewish people, much like He did for the Israelites in Exodus 14:13-14, and the Jews were able to overpower those who hated them, demonstrating God's power and protection, as seen in Psalm 121:7-8, where God promises to protect His people from harm.
How does Esther 9:1 relate to the broader story of the Bible?
Esther 9:1 is part of the larger narrative of God's redemption and salvation of His people, as seen in Genesis 12:1-3, where God promises to bless all nations through Abraham, and in other stories of God's deliverance, such as the Exodus from Egypt in Exodus 12:31, and it points forward to the ultimate deliverance and salvation that comes through Jesus Christ, as seen in John 3:16, where God gives His only Son to save the world.
Reflection Questions
- What are some ways that I have seen God 'overturn' the plans of those who oppose Him in my own life, and how can I trust in His power and protection in times of uncertainty?
- How can I, like the Jewish people in Esther 9:1, trust in God's power and protection, even when it seems like the odds are against me, and what are some Bible verses, such as Psalm 23:4, that encourage me to trust in God?
- What are some ways that I can, like Mordecai and Esther, stand up for what is right and trust in God's sovereignty, even in the face of opposition, and what are some Bible verses, such as Daniel 3:16-18, that inspire me to stand up for my faith?
- How can I, like the officials in Esther 9:3, be a source of help and support for those who are facing persecution or opposition, and what are some practical ways I can demonstrate God's love and care for them, such as visiting the sick, as seen in Matthew 25:36?
Gill's Exposition on Esther 9:1
Now in the twelfth month, that is the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same,.... Of which see Es 3:13, when the king's commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution; even both
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Esther 9:1
Now in the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king's commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution, in the day that the enemies of the
Trapp's Commentary on Esther 9:1
Esther 9:1 Now in the twelfth month, that [is], the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king’ s commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution, in the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to have power over them, (though it was turned to the contrary, that the Jews had rule over them that hated them;)Ver. 1. Now in the twelfth month, &c.] That lucky time, as Haman had deemed it, but was deluded by the devil (the author of all such arts and lots of divination, to foretell future arbitrary events) qui etsi semel videatur verax, millies est mendax, et semper fallax; who, if he sometimes hit upon the truth, yet usually cozeneth those that trust to him (Bucholcer). Thus he served Balaam the sorcerer, slain by the sword of Israel; Croesus, taken prisoner by Cyrus; Ahab, slain at Ramoth-Gilead; Julian the apostate, going against the Persians; Walter, earl of Athol, who murdered his master, James I., king of Scots, in hope to attain the crown. Crowned indeed he was, but not, as his witches and sorcerers had ambiguously insinuated, with the crown of that realm, but with a crown of red hot iron clapped upon his bead, being one of the tortures wherewith he ended at once his wicked days and desires (Hector. Boeth.). The pope, to honour and encourage the leaguers in France, sent them consecrated pictures and medals, promising them thereby good success against the Huguenots, but God confuted and defeated them all; as he did likewise Tyrone in Ireland, to whom, among other trinkets, the pope had sent a plume of Phoenix feathers (Carlt. Rem.), a mere collusion. When the king’ s commandment and decree drew near, &c.] Both that for the Jews, and the other against them. This latter was not reversed, though the former was published. The king, it seemeth, greatly cared not for the lives of his subjects, since he would not so much as privately hint to them to be quiet, and to let the Jews alone.
Such an intimation as this might have saved the lives of seventy-five thousand of them. But God had a holy hand in it, for the just punishment of those blood-thirsty Persians, confident in the good success of their sorceries; having made hell their refuge, but it failed them. In the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped, &c.] But their hope ran aground, as they say; their lucky day deceived them. Wicked men’ s hope, when they most need it, will be as the giving up of the ghost, and that is but cold comfort, Job 11:20, and as the spider’ s web, Job 18:18-19, who gets to the top of the window, as high as she can, and then when she falls she fails to the bottom, for nothing stays her. From such high hopes fell our English Papists, first, when Queen Mary died.
Ellicott's Commentary on Esther 9:1
IX.(1) Drew near.—Arrived, came, as in Esther 8:17.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Esther 9:1
CHAPTER IX On the thirteenth of the month Adar the Jews destroy their enemies, and the governors of the provinces assist them, 1-5. They slay five hundred in Shushan, and kill the ten sons of Haman, but take no spoil, 6-10. The king is informed of the slaughter in Shushan, 11. He desires to know what Esther requests farther; who begs that the Jews may be permitted to act on the following day as they had done on the preceding, and that Haman's sons may be hanged upon the gallows; which is granted; and they slay three hundred more in Shushan, and in the other provinces seventy-five thousand, 12-16. A recapitulation of what was done; and of the appointment of the feast of Purim to be observed through all their generations every year, 17-28. Esther writes to confirm this appointment, 29-32. NOTES ON CHAP. IX Verse 1. Now in the twelfth month] What a number of providences, and none of them apparently of an extraordinary nature, concurred to preserve a people so signally, and to all human appearance so inevitably, doomed to destruction! None are ever too low for God to lift up, or too high for God to cast down.
Must not these heathens have observed that the uncontrollable hand of an Almighty Being had worked in behalf of the Jews? And must not this have had a powerful tendency to discredit the idolatry of the country?
Cambridge Bible on Esther 9:1
Chap. Esther 9:1-10. Overthrow of the Jews’ enemies The story, omitting the intermediate months of preparation, now passes to the date fixed by the decree for the Jews’ overthrow.
Barnes' Notes on Esther 9:1
Drew near - Or, “arrived,” or “reached the time” specified Esther 3:13; Esther 8:12.
Whedon's Commentary on Esther 9:1
1. It was turned to the contrary — So the providence of God will ever overturn and bring to naught the counsels of the wicked.
Sermons on Esther 9:1
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
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The Story of Esther by David Guzik | In this sermon, the speaker begins by asking the congregation what God has been arranging in their lives and what they are being set up for. He emphasizes the importance of being i |
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(Through the Bible) Nehemiah & Esther by Zac Poonen | This sermon delves into the stories of Nehemiah and Esther, highlighting the contrast between those who are willing to sacrifice for God's work and those who seek comfort and compr |
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The Jews Had Rule Over Them That Hated Them. by F.B. Meyer | F.B. Meyer emphasizes the impending reversal of power where the current rulers, who oppose God's people, will be overthrown. He draws parallels between the historical plight of the |
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The Journey From Prayer to Obedience by Carter Conlon | In this sermon, the speaker discusses the introduction of a new law in the book of Esther that gave the enemies of God's people the power to kill, steal, and destroy. The response |
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God Is Doing a New Thing - Slovakia Conference 2003 (Slovakian/english) by David Wilkerson | In this sermon, the preacher shares stories of miraculous interventions by God in people's lives. He talks about a man who was able to rescue someone stuck in an elevator, and a wo |
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Psalms - Part 1 by Zac Poonen | In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of filling one's heart with the Word of God rather than simply avoiding evil. He references the story of a demon being cast ou |
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The Lewis Revival 1949 - Part 5 by Colin Peckham | This sermon reflects on a time of intense spiritual revival where singing, joy, love, unity, and hunger for God's presence were prominent. The atmosphere was filled with the presen |