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Exodus 28:32

Exodus 28:32 in Multiple Translations

with an opening at its top in the center. Around the opening shall be a woven collar with an opening like that of a garment, so that it will not tear.

And there shall be an hole in the top of it, in the midst thereof: it shall have a binding of woven work round about the hole of it, as it were the hole of an habergeon, that it be not rent.

And it shall have a hole for the head in the midst thereof: it shall have a binding of woven work round about the hole of it, as it were the hole of a coat of mail, that it be not rent.

With a hole at the top, in the middle of it; the hole is to be edged with a band to make it strong like the hole in the coat of a fighting-man, so that it may not be broken open.

with an opening in the middle at the top. Stitch a woven collar around the opening to strengthen it so it won't tear.

And the hole for his head shalbe in the middes of it, hauing an edge of wouen woorke rounde about the coller of it: so it shalbe as the coller of an habergeon that it rent not.

and the opening for its head hath been in its midst, a border is to its opening round about, work of a weaver, as the opening of a habergeon there is to it; it is not rent.

It shall have a hole for the head in the middle of it. It shall have a binding of woven work around its hole, as it were the hole of a coat of mail, that it not be torn.

And there shall be a hole in the top of it, in the midst of it: it shall have a binding of woven work round about the hole of it, as the hole of an habergeon, that it be not rent.

In the midst whereof above shall be a hole for the head, and a border round about it woven, as is wont to be made in the outmost parts of garments, that it may not easily be broken.

It is to have an opening through which the priest can put his head. They must sew a border around this opening, to keep the material from tearing.

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Berean Amplified Bible — Exodus 28:32

BAB
Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Exodus 28:32 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB וְ/הָיָ֥ה פִֽי רֹאשׁ֖/וֹ בְּ/תוֹכ֑/וֹ שָׂפָ֡ה יִֽהְיֶה֩ לְ/פִ֨י/ו סָבִ֜יב מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֹרֵ֗ג כְּ/פִ֥י תַחְרָ֛א יִֽהְיֶה לּ֖/וֹ לֹ֥א יִקָּרֵֽעַ
וְ/הָיָ֥ה hâyâh H1961 to be Conj | V-Qal-3ms
פִֽי peh H6310 lip N-ms
רֹאשׁ֖/וֹ rôʼsh H7218 head N-ms | Suff
בְּ/תוֹכ֑/וֹ tâvek H8432 midst Prep | N-ms | Suff
שָׂפָ֡ה sâphâh H8193 lips N-fs
יִֽהְיֶה֩ hâyâh H1961 to be V-Qal-Imperf-3ms
לְ/פִ֨י/ו peh H6310 lip Prep | N-ms | Suff
סָבִ֜יב çâbîyb H5439 around N-cs
מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה maʻăseh H4639 deed N-ms
אֹרֵ֗ג ʼârag H707 to weave V-Qal
כְּ/פִ֥י peh H6310 lip Prep | N-ms
תַחְרָ֛א tachărâʼ H8473 breastplate N-ms
יִֽהְיֶה hâyâh H1961 to be V-Qal-Imperf-3ms
לּ֖/וֹ Prep | Suff
לֹ֥א lôʼ H3808 not Part
יִקָּרֵֽעַ qâraʻ H7167 to tear V-Niphal-Imperf-3ms
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — Exodus 28:32

וְ/הָיָ֥ה hâyâh H1961 "to be" Conj | V-Qal-3ms
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
פִֽי peh H6310 "lip" N-ms
In the Bible, this Hebrew word refers to the mouth, lips, or edge of something, and can also mean a portion or side of something. It is often used to describe speech or the act of speaking. This word appears in various forms, such as mouth, lip, or edge.
Definition: : lip/mouth peh 1) mouth 1a) mouth (of man) 1b) mouth (as organ of speech) 1c) mouth (of animals) 1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc) 1e) extremity, end pim 2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21
Usage: Occurs in 460 OT verses. KJV: accord(-ing as, -ing to), after, appointment, assent, collar, command(-ment), [idiom] eat, edge, end, entry, [phrase] file, hole, [idiom] in, mind, mouth, part, portion, [idiom] (should) say(-ing), sentence, skirt, sound, speech, [idiom] spoken, talk, tenor, [idiom] to, [phrase] two-edged, wish, word. See also: Genesis 4:11; Deuteronomy 21:17; Ezra 9:11.
רֹאשׁ֖/וֹ rôʼsh H7218 "head" N-ms | Suff
This Hebrew word means chief or prince, and is used to describe leaders in the Bible, such as in the book of 1 Samuel. It signifies a position of authority and importance.
Definition: : head 1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning 1a) head (of man, animals) 1b) top, tip (of mountain) 1c) height (of stars) 1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest) 1e) head, front, beginning 1f) chief, choicest, best 1g) head, division, company, band 1h) sum
Usage: Occurs in 547 OT verses. KJV: band, beginning, captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company, end, [idiom] every (man), excellent, first, forefront, (be-)head, height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), [idiom] lead, [idiom] poor, principal, ruler, sum, top. See also: Genesis 2:10; Numbers 17:18; 2 Samuel 4:7.
בְּ/תוֹכ֑/וֹ tâvek H8432 "midst" Prep | N-ms | Suff
This word refers to the middle or center of something, such as a group of people or a physical space. It can also mean among or between things, as seen in various Bible translations.
Definition: 1) midst, middle 1a) midst, middle 1b) into, through (after verbs of motion) 1c) among (of a number of persons) 1d) between (of things arranged by twos) 1e) from among (as to take or separate etc)
Usage: Occurs in 390 OT verses. KJV: among(-st), [idiom] between, half, [idiom] (there-, where-), in(-to), middle, mid(-night), midst (among), [idiom] out (of), [idiom] through, [idiom] with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:6; Numbers 35:5; 2 Chronicles 32:4.
שָׂפָ֡ה sâphâh H8193 "lips" N-fs
This word refers to lips or language, and can also mean the edge or border of something. It is used in the Bible to describe the shore of a sea or the edge of a cup.
Definition: : lips/mouth 1) lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding 1a) lip (as body part) 1b) language 1c) edge, shore, bank (of cup, sea, river, etc)
Usage: Occurs in 164 OT verses. KJV: band, bank, binding, border, brim, brink, edge, language, lip, prating, (sea-)shore, side, speech, talk, (vain) words. See also: Genesis 11:1; Psalms 120:2; Psalms 12:3.
יִֽהְיֶה֩ hâyâh H1961 "to be" V-Qal-Imperf-3ms
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
לְ/פִ֨י/ו peh H6310 "lip" Prep | N-ms | Suff
In the Bible, this Hebrew word refers to the mouth, lips, or edge of something, and can also mean a portion or side of something. It is often used to describe speech or the act of speaking. This word appears in various forms, such as mouth, lip, or edge.
Definition: : lip/mouth peh 1) mouth 1a) mouth (of man) 1b) mouth (as organ of speech) 1c) mouth (of animals) 1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc) 1e) extremity, end pim 2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21
Usage: Occurs in 460 OT verses. KJV: accord(-ing as, -ing to), after, appointment, assent, collar, command(-ment), [idiom] eat, edge, end, entry, [phrase] file, hole, [idiom] in, mind, mouth, part, portion, [idiom] (should) say(-ing), sentence, skirt, sound, speech, [idiom] spoken, talk, tenor, [idiom] to, [phrase] two-edged, wish, word. See also: Genesis 4:11; Deuteronomy 21:17; Ezra 9:11.
סָבִ֜יב çâbîyb H5439 "around" N-cs
This word describes something that surrounds or encompasses, like a circle or neighborhood, and can also mean around or about, as in on every side. It is used to describe physical locations and proximity. The KJV translates it as about or circuit.
Definition: : around/border subst 1) places round about, circuit, round about adv 2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about prep 3) in the circuit, from every side
Usage: Occurs in 282 OT verses. KJV: (place, round) about, circuit, compass, on every side. See also: Genesis 23:17; 1 Kings 7:24; Psalms 3:7.
מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה maʻăseh H4639 "deed" N-ms
This Hebrew word refers to an action or deed, which can be good or bad. It is used to describe various activities, such as work, business, or achievements. The KJV translates it as act, deed, or labor.
Definition: : judgement/punishment 1) deed, work 1a) deed, thing done, act 1b) work, labour 1c) business, pursuit 1d) undertaking, enterprise 1e) achievement 1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment) 1g) work, thing made 1h) work (of God) 1i) product
Usage: Occurs in 221 OT verses. KJV: act, art, [phrase] bakemeat, business, deed, do(-ing), labor, thing made, ware of making, occupation, thing offered, operation, possession, [idiom] well, (handy-, needle-, net-) work(ing, -manship), wrought. See also: Genesis 5:29; Job 1:10; Psalms 8:4.
אֹרֵ֗ג ʼârag H707 "to weave" V-Qal
This word means to weave or plait, and is used to describe everyday tasks like weaving cloth or braiding hair. It also has figurative meanings, such as intrigue or plotting.
Definition: 1) to weave 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to weave (cloth) 1a2) to braid (Samson's hair) 1a3) weaver (subst.) 1a4) intrigue (fig.)
Usage: Occurs in 13 OT verses. KJV: weaver(-r). See also: Exodus 28:32; 2 Samuel 21:19; Isaiah 19:9.
כְּ/פִ֥י peh H6310 "lip" Prep | N-ms
In the Bible, this Hebrew word refers to the mouth, lips, or edge of something, and can also mean a portion or side of something. It is often used to describe speech or the act of speaking. This word appears in various forms, such as mouth, lip, or edge.
Definition: : lip/mouth peh 1) mouth 1a) mouth (of man) 1b) mouth (as organ of speech) 1c) mouth (of animals) 1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc) 1e) extremity, end pim 2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21
Usage: Occurs in 460 OT verses. KJV: accord(-ing as, -ing to), after, appointment, assent, collar, command(-ment), [idiom] eat, edge, end, entry, [phrase] file, hole, [idiom] in, mind, mouth, part, portion, [idiom] (should) say(-ing), sentence, skirt, sound, speech, [idiom] spoken, talk, tenor, [idiom] to, [phrase] two-edged, wish, word. See also: Genesis 4:11; Deuteronomy 21:17; Ezra 9:11.
תַחְרָ֛א tachărâʼ H8473 "breastplate" N-ms
A breastplate was a type of armor worn for protection, like a linen vest. In the Bible, it is mentioned as a piece of armor worn by soldiers, and the Hebrew word for it means 'a linen corslet'.
Definition: corselet
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: habergeon. See also: Exodus 28:32; Exodus 39:23.
יִֽהְיֶה hâyâh H1961 "to be" V-Qal-Imperf-3ms
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
לּ֖/וֹ "" Prep | Suff
לֹ֥א lôʼ H3808 "not" Part
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Definition: 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Usage: Occurs in 3967 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without. See also: Genesis 2:5; Genesis 31:15; Exodus 4:9.
יִקָּרֵֽעַ qâraʻ H7167 "to tear" V-Niphal-Imperf-3ms
This verb means to tear or rend something, and can be used literally or figuratively, as in the case of reviling or enlarging the eyes. In the book of the Prophet Joel, it describes the heavens being torn open. It can also describe the action of wild beasts.
Definition: 1) to tear, tear in pieces 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to tear, rend 1a2) to tear away or out 1a3) to tear, rend asunder 1a3a) to make wide or large (of eyes) 1a3b) to rend open (of heavens) 1a4) to tear, rend (of wild beasts) 1b) (Niphal) to be rent, be split asunder
Usage: Occurs in 60 OT verses. KJV: cut out, rend, [idiom] surely, tear. See also: Genesis 37:29; 2 Kings 5:8; Psalms 35:15.

Study Notes — Exodus 28:32

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 Nehemiah 4:16 And from that day on, half of my servants did the work while the other half held spears, shields, bows, and armor. The officers stationed themselves behind all the people of Judah
2 John 19:23–24 When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they divided His garments into four parts, one for each soldier, with the tunic remaining. It was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom. So they said to one another, “Let us not tear it. Instead, let us cast lots to see who will get it.” This was to fulfill the Scripture: “They divided My garments among them, and cast lots for My clothing.” So that is what the soldiers did.
3 Exodus 39:28 as well as the turban of fine linen, the ornate headbands and undergarments of finely spun linen,
4 Job 41:26 The sword that reaches him has no effect, nor does the spear or dart or arrow.
5 Ephesians 4:3–16 and with diligence to preserve the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace. There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called to one hope when you were called; one Lord, one faith, one baptism; one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all. Now to each one of us grace has been given according to the measure of the gift of Christ. This is why it says: “When He ascended on high, He led captives away, and gave gifts to men.” What does “He ascended” mean, except that He also descended to the lower parts of the earth? He who descended is the very One who ascended above all the heavens, in order to fill all things. And it was He who gave some to be apostles, some to be prophets, some to be evangelists, and some to be pastors and teachers, to equip the saints for works of ministry and to build up the body of Christ, until we all reach unity in the faith and in the knowledge of the Son of God, as we mature to the full measure of the stature of Christ. Then we will no longer be infants, tossed about by the waves and carried around by every wind of teaching and by the clever cunning of men in their deceitful scheming. Instead, speaking the truth in love, we will in all things grow up into Christ Himself, who is the head. From Him the whole body, fitted and held together by every supporting ligament, grows and builds itself up in love through the work of each individual part.
6 2 Chronicles 26:14 Uzziah supplied the entire army with shields, spears, helmets, armor, bows, and slingstones.

Exodus 28:32 Summary

[The high priest's robe had an opening at the top with a woven collar to prevent it from tearing, which teaches us about the importance of carefulness and attention to detail in our service to God, as seen in Exodus 28:32 and Colossians 3:23-24. The robe was made entirely of blue cloth, which symbolizes heaven and the divine, and reminds us of God's power and majesty, as seen in Exodus 24:10 and Ezekiel 1:26. The design of the robe, including the pomegranates and gold bells, serves as a reminder of the high priest's role as a mediator between God and the people, as seen in Exodus 28:30 and Numbers 27:21. By studying the high priest's robe, we can learn valuable lessons about the importance of reverence, humility, and carefulness in our relationship with God, as emphasized in 1 Corinthians 10:31 and Matthew 5:16.]

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the purpose of the opening at the top of the robe in Exodus 28:32?

The opening at the top of the robe allows the high priest to put it on and take it off easily, and the woven collar prevents the opening from tearing, much like the care taken in making the tabernacle itself, as seen in Exodus 26:1 and Exodus 35:30-35.

Why is the robe of the ephod made entirely of blue cloth, as mentioned in Exodus 28:31?

The blue cloth of the robe signifies heaven and the divine, as blue is often associated with heaven in the Bible, such as in Exodus 24:10 and Ezekiel 1:26, and it reminds the high priest of his role as a mediator between God and the people, as seen in Exodus 28:1 and Hebrews 5:1-4.

How does the design of the robe relate to the high priest's role in the community?

The design of the robe, including the pomegranates and gold bells mentioned in Exodus 28:33-34, symbolizes the high priest's responsibility to intercede for the people and to proclaim God's message, as seen in Exodus 28:30 and Numbers 27:21, and it serves as a reminder of the importance of the high priest's role in the community, as emphasized in Leviticus 10:10-11 and Deuteronomy 33:10.

What can we learn from the attention to detail in the construction of the high priest's robe?

The attention to detail in the construction of the high priest's robe, as seen in Exodus 28:32, teaches us about the importance of carefulness and diligence in our service to God, as emphasized in Colossians 3:23-24 and 2 Timothy 2:15, and it reminds us that our actions and decisions should be guided by a desire to honor and please God, as seen in 1 Corinthians 10:31 and Matthew 5:16.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can I apply the principle of carefulness and attention to detail in my own life and service to God?
  2. What are some ways that I can symbolize my commitment to God and my role as a representative of Christ in my daily life?
  3. How can I balance the need for carefulness and attention to detail with the need for simplicity and humility in my service to God?
  4. What are some ways that I can use my talents and abilities to proclaim God's message and serve as a mediator between God and others?
  5. How can I cultivate a deeper sense of reverence and awe for God's presence and power in my life, as symbolized by the high priest's robe?

Gill's Exposition on Exodus 28:32

And there shall be a hole in the top of it, in the midst thereof,.... At the neck of it, for the high priest to put his head through when he put it on: it shall have a binding of woven work round

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Exodus 28:32

And there shall be an hole in the top of it, in the midst thereof: it shall have a binding of woven work round about the hole of it, as it were the hole of an habergeon, that it be not rent. No JFB commentary on these verses.

Trapp's Commentary on Exodus 28:32

Exodus 28:32 And there shall be an hole in the top of it, in the midst thereof: it shall have a binding of woven work round about the hole of it, as it were the hole of an habergeon, that it be not rent.Ver. 32. That it be not rent.] To show that there should be no rents or schisms in the Church.

Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 28:32

(32) As it were the hole of a habergeon.—Linen corselets, or “habergeons,” were common in Egypt, and were shaped as is here indicated. The word used for “habergeon,” taklãrah, is thought to be Egyptian.

Cambridge Bible on Exodus 28:32

32. a hole for the head, &c.] It was not open behind or in front: it had simply a hole at the top, and was thrown over the head in the manner of a jersey. woven work] the work of the weaver (Exodus 36:1). In ch. 39. these words are attached not to the ‘binding’ (v. 23), but to the robe itself (v. 22); and that is probably their original place here (after ‘of the ephod’ in v. 31). The binding was to keep the edge of the hole from fraying. a coat of mail] Heb. taḥ ?γrβh, only here and in the ||, Exodus 39:23 : Onk. ωψιεο a coat of mail. No doubt, a linen corselet, the λινοθώρηξ of the Greeks (Il. ii. 529), is what is meant; Herodotus (ii. 182, iii. 47) mentions two made in Egypt for Amβsis.

Whedon's Commentary on Exodus 28:32

31-35. The robe of the ephod — A garment distinct and separate from the ephod, and to be worn underneath it. Being all of blue it would appear as a becoming groundwork for the richly ornamented and variously.

Sermons on Exodus 28:32

SermonDescription
Stan Ford Ford at Southside-st.louis 02 the Cross by Stan Ford In this sermon, the preacher focuses on the 15th chapter of Mark and reads a verse about the centurion who witnessed Jesus' crucifixion and declared him to be the Son of God. The p
T. Austin-Sparks The Apocalyptic Method - a Challenge to Christian by T. Austin-Sparks T. Austin-Sparks emphasizes the significance of the Book of Revelation as a symbolic unveiling of Jesus Christ, intended to guide and challenge Christians amidst persecution and sp
Erlo Stegen Glorify God in Your Body by Erlo Stegen Erlo Stegen emphasizes the significance of glorifying God through our bodies, drawing parallels between the crucifixion of Jesus and the way we present ourselves. He highlights the
C.H. Spurgeon A Divided Heart by C.H. Spurgeon C.H. Spurgeon addresses the issue of a divided heart, emphasizing that such a condition leads to spiritual faultiness both individually and within the church. He warns that a divid
David Wilkerson A Salute to Those Who Stayed With It by David Wilkerson This sermon emphasizes the importance of recognizing and embracing the diverse callings within the body of Christ. Using the story of David and his army in 1 Samuel 30, it highligh
J. Edwin Orr The Awakening of 1858 in America by J. Edwin Orr This sermon delves into the historical context of the 1857-1858 revival in the United States, highlighting the significant impact it had on various aspects of society, including ch
Francis Chan Are You Destroying the Church by Francis Chan Francis Chan emphasizes the critical importance of unity within the church, warning against the destructive nature of division and gossip. He reflects on biblical examples of God's

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