Exodus 9:34
Exodus 9:34 in Multiple Translations
When Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had ceased, he sinned again and hardened his heart—he and his officials.
And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.
And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.
But when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the ice-storm and the thunders were ended, he went on sinning, and made his heart hard, he and his servants.
When Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had stopped, he sinned again, and he chose to become stubborn again, along with his officials.
And when Pharaoh sawe that the raine and the haile and the thunder were ceased, hee sinned againe, and hardened his heart, both he, and his seruants.
and Pharaoh seeth that the rain hath ceased, and the hail and the voices, and he continueth to sin, and hardeneth his heart, he and his servants;
When Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders had ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.
And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders had ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.
And Pharao seeing that the rain and the hail, and the thunders were ceased, increased his sin.
But when the king saw that the rain and the hail and the thunder had stopped, he sinned again. He and his officials continued to be stubborn [IDM].
Berean Amplified Bible — Exodus 9:34
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Exodus 9:34 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וַ/יַּ֣רְא
פַּרְעֹ֗ה
כִּֽי
חָדַ֨ל
הַ/מָּטָ֧ר
וְ/הַ/בָּרָ֛ד
וְ/הַ/קֹּלֹ֖ת
וַ/יֹּ֣סֶף
לַ/חֲטֹ֑א
וַ/יַּכְבֵּ֥ד
לִבּ֖/וֹ
ה֥וּא
וַ/עֲבָדָֽי/ו
וַ/יַּ֣רְא
râʼâh
H7200
Provider
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
פַּרְעֹ֗ה
Parʻôh
H6547
Pharaoh
N-proper
כִּֽי
kîy
H3588
for
Conj
חָדַ֨ל
châdal
H2308
to cease
V-Qal-Perf-3ms
הַ/מָּטָ֧ר
mâṭar
H4306
rain
Art | N-ms
וְ/הַ/בָּרָ֛ד
bârâd
H1259
hail
Conj | Art | N-ms
וְ/הַ/קֹּלֹ֖ת
qôwl
H6963
voice
Conj | Art | N-mp
וַ/יֹּ֣סֶף
yâçaph
H3254
to add
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms
לַ/חֲטֹ֑א
châṭâʼ
H2398
to sin
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
וַ/יַּכְבֵּ֥ד
kâbad
H3513
to honor
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms
לִבּ֖/וֹ
lêb
H3820
heart
N-ms | Suff
ה֥וּא
hûwʼ
H1931
he/she/it
Pron
וַ/עֲבָדָֽי/ו
ʻebed
H5650
servant/slave
Conj | N-mp | Suff
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Exodus 9:34
וַ/יַּ֣רְא
râʼâh
H7200
"Provider"
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms
The Hebrew word for provider means to see or look after, and is used to describe God's care for his people. It appears in various forms throughout the Bible, including in Genesis and other books.
Definition: (Lord will) Provide, cause to be seen. This name means to see, look at, inspect, look after
Usage: Occurs in 1206 OT verses. KJV: advise self, appear, approve, behold, [idiom] certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have experience, gaze, take heed, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] joyfully, lo, look (on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up, upon), mark, meet, [idiom] be near, perceive, present, provide, regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one another), shew (self), [idiom] sight of others, (e-) spy, stare, [idiom] surely, [idiom] think, view, visions. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 41:41; Exodus 33:13.
פַּרְעֹ֗ה
Parʻôh
H6547
"Pharaoh"
N-proper
In the Bible, Pharaoh refers to the king of Egypt, a powerful leader with great authority. The word is used in many passages, including Genesis 12:15 and Exodus 1:9, to describe the ruler of Egypt. It is a title of respect and power.
Definition: A man of the Egyptians living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.23.29; also called Pharaoh at 2Ki.23.35 etc.; Another name of ne.kho (נְכוֹ "Neco" H5224G) § Pharaoh = "great house" the common title of the king of Egypt
Usage: Occurs in 230 OT verses. KJV: Pharaoh. See also: Genesis 12:15; Exodus 6:29; 2 Kings 23:35.
כִּֽי
kîy
H3588
"for"
Conj
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.
חָדַ֨ל
châdal
H2308
"to cease"
V-Qal-Perf-3ms
To cease means to stop or end something, like when God told the Israelites to cease work on the Sabbath in Exodus 20:10. It can also mean to be idle or lacking. In the Bible, it is often used to describe a change in action or behavior.
Definition: 1) to stop, cease, desist, forego, cease to be, leave undone, forbear 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to cease, come to an end 1a2) to cease, leave off
Usage: Occurs in 56 OT verses. KJV: cease, end, fall, forbear, forsake, leave (off), let alone, rest, be unoccupied, want. See also: Genesis 11:8; 2 Chronicles 18:14; Psalms 36:4.
הַ/מָּטָ֧ר
mâṭar
H4306
"rain"
Art | N-ms
This noun simply means rain, describing the water that falls from the sky. It is a common weather phenomenon in the Bible, often used to symbolize God's blessing or judgment. Rain is essential for life and growth in the biblical world.
Definition: rain
Usage: Occurs in 36 OT verses. KJV: rain. See also: Exodus 9:33; 2 Chronicles 7:13; Psalms 72:6.
וְ/הַ/בָּרָ֛ד
bârâd
H1259
"hail"
Conj | Art | N-ms
Hail is a sign of God's judgment in the Bible, with hailstones sometimes used as a symbol of His power. It appears in stories of destruction and chaos.
Definition: 1) hail 1a) of God's judgment (fig.)
Usage: Occurs in 26 OT verses. KJV: hail(stones). See also: Exodus 9:18; Exodus 10:15; Psalms 18:13.
וְ/הַ/קֹּלֹ֖ת
qôwl
H6963
"voice"
Conj | Art | N-mp
A voice or sound, it can refer to the sound of a person speaking, an animal, or a musical instrument. In the Bible, it is often used to describe God's voice or the sound of praise and worship.
Definition: : sound/noise 1) voice, sound, noise 1a) voice 1b) sound (of instrument)
Usage: Occurs in 436 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] aloud, bleating, crackling, cry ([phrase] out), fame, lightness, lowing, noise, [phrase] hold peace, (pro-) claim, proclamation, [phrase] sing, sound, [phrase] spark, thunder(-ing), voice, [phrase] yell. See also: Genesis 3:8; Judges 5:11; Job 4:10.
וַ/יֹּ֣סֶף
yâçaph
H3254
"to add"
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms
To add means to increase or do something again, like adding more of something or continuing an action. This word is used in the Bible to describe growth or repetition.
Definition: : add/more[amount] 1) to add, increase, do again 1a) (Qal) to add, increase, do again 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to join, join oneself to 1b2) to be joined, be added to 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to cause to add, increase 1c2) to do more, do again
Usage: Occurs in 205 OT verses. KJV: add, [idiom] again, [idiom] any more, [idiom] cease, [idiom] come more, [phrase] conceive again, continue, exceed, [idiom] further, [idiom] gather together, get more, give more-over, [idiom] henceforth, increase (more and more), join, [idiom] longer (bring, do, make, much, put), [idiom] (the, much, yet) more (and more), proceed (further), prolong, put, be (strong-) er, [idiom] yet, yield. See also: Genesis 4:2; 2 Samuel 19:14; Psalms 10:18.
לַ/חֲטֹ֑א
châṭâʼ
H2398
"to sin"
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
To sin means to miss the mark or go wrong, incurring guilt or penalty, and can also mean to repent or make amends. It is used in the Bible to describe wrongdoing and its consequences.
Definition: 1) to sin, miss, miss the way, go wrong, incur guilt, forfeit, purify from uncleanness 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to miss 1a2) to sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty 1a3) to incur guilt, incur penalty by sin, forfeit 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to bear loss 1b2) to make a sin-offering 1b3) to purify from sin 1b4) to purify from uncleanness 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to miss the mark 1c2) to induce to sin, cause to sin 1c3) to bring into guilt or condemnation or punishment 1d) (Hithpael) 1d1) to miss oneself, lose oneself, wander from the way 1d2) to purify oneself from uncleanness
Usage: Occurs in 220 OT verses. KJV: bear the blame, cleanse, commit (sin), by fault, harm he hath done, loss, miss, (make) offend(-er), offer for sin, purge, purify (self), make reconciliation, (cause, make) sin(-ful, -ness), trespass. See also: Genesis 20:6; 1 Kings 15:34; Psalms 4:5.
וַ/יַּכְבֵּ֥ד
kâbad
H3513
"to honor"
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms
This word can mean to honor or make something weighty, like when God is glorified in Psalm 138, or to be heavy with burdens, as the Israelites were in Exodus 18.
Definition: : honour/glory 1) to be heavy, be weighty, be grievous, be hard, be rich, be honourable, be glorious, be burdensome, be honoured 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to be heavy 1a2) to be heavy, be insensible, be dull 1a3) to be honoured 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be made heavy, be honoured, enjoy honour, be made abundant 1b2) to get oneself glory or honour, gain glory 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to make heavy, make dull, make insensible 1c2) to make honourable, honour, glorify 1d) (Pual) to be made honourable, be honoured 1e) (Hiphil) 1e1) to make heavy 1e2) to make heavy, make dull, make unresponsive 1e3) to cause to be honoured 1f) (Hithpael) 1f1) to make oneself heavy, make oneself dense, make oneself numerous 1f2) to honour oneself
Usage: Occurs in 108 OT verses. KJV: abounding with, more grievously afflict, boast, be chargeable, [idiom] be dim, glorify, be (make) glorious (things), glory, (very) great, be grievous, harden, be (make) heavy, be heavier, lay heavily, (bring to, come to, do, get, be had in) honour (self), (be) honourable (man), lade, [idiom] more be laid, make self many, nobles, prevail, promote (to honour), be rich, be (go) sore, stop. See also: Genesis 13:2; Job 6:3; Psalms 15:4.
לִבּ֖/וֹ
lêb
H3820
"heart"
N-ms | Suff
Leb refers to the heart, but also represents feelings, will, and intellect in the Bible. It is used figuratively to describe the center of something, and is often translated as heart or mind. Leb is a complex concept that encompasses emotions and thoughts.
Definition: 1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding 1a) inner part, midst 1a1) midst (of things) 1a2) heart (of man) 1a3) soul, heart (of man) 1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory 1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will) 1a6) conscience 1a7) heart (of moral character) 1a8) as seat of appetites 1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
Usage: Occurs in 552 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] care for, comfortably, consent, [idiom] considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-), (hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart(-ed), [idiom] heed, [idiom] I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), [idiom] regard(-ed), [idiom] themselves, [idiom] unawares, understanding, [idiom] well, willingly, wisdom. See also: Genesis 6:5; 2 Samuel 13:33; Psalms 4:8.
ה֥וּא
hûwʼ
H1931
"he/she/it"
Pron
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Definition: pron 3p s 1) he, she, it 1a) himself (with emphasis) 1b) resuming subj with emphasis 1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate) 1d) (anticipating subj) 1e) (emphasising predicate) 1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron 2) that (with article)
Usage: Occurs in 1693 OT verses. KJV: he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who. See also: Genesis 2:11; Genesis 32:19; Exodus 21:3.
וַ/עֲבָדָֽי/ו
ʻebed
H5650
"servant/slave"
Conj | N-mp | Suff
This word refers to a servant or slave, often in the context of serving God or a human master. It can also describe a prophet or Levite. The KJV translates it as bondage, bondman, or servant.
Definition: 1) slave, servant 1a) slave, servant, man-servant 1b) subjects 1c) servants, worshippers (of God) 1d) servant (in special sense as prophets, Levites etc) 1e) servant (of Israel) 1f) servant (as form of address between equals) Aramaic equivalent: a.vad (עֲבַד "servant/slave" H5649)
Usage: Occurs in 714 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] bondage, bondman, (bond-) servant, (man-) servant. See also: Genesis 9:25; Exodus 11:3; 1 Samuel 8:16.
Study Notes — Exodus 9:34
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Exodus 9:34 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Exodus 9:34
- Trapp's Commentary on Exodus 9:34
- Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 9:34
- Adam Clarke's Commentary on Exodus 9:34
- Cambridge Bible on Exodus 9:34
- Whedon's Commentary on Exodus 9:34
- Sermons on Exodus 9:34
Context — The Seventh Plague: Hail
32but the wheat and spelt were not destroyed, because they are late crops.)
33Then Moses departed from Pharaoh, went out of the city, and spread out his hands to the LORD. The thunder and hail ceased, and the rain no longer poured down on the land.
34When Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had ceased, he sinned again and hardened his heart—he and his officials.
35So Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not let the Israelites go, just as the LORD had said through Moses.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 7:14 | Then the LORD said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart is unyielding; he refuses to let the people go. |
| 2 | 2 Chronicles 36:13 | He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. But Zedekiah stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel. |
| 3 | Exodus 4:21 | The LORD instructed Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put within your power. But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go. |
| 4 | Ecclesiastes 8:11 | When the sentence for a crime is not speedily executed, the hearts of men become fully set on doing evil. |
| 5 | Romans 2:4–5 | Or do you disregard the riches of His kindness, tolerance, and patience, not realizing that God’s kindness leads you to repentance? But because of your hard and unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath against yourself for the day of wrath, when God’s righteous judgment will be revealed. |
| 6 | Exodus 8:15 | When Pharaoh saw that there was relief, however, he hardened his heart and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said. |
| 7 | 2 Chronicles 28:22 | In the time of his distress, King Ahaz became even more unfaithful to the LORD. |
| 8 | 2 Chronicles 33:23 | but he did not humble himself before the LORD as his father Manasseh had done; instead, Amon increased his guilt. |
Exodus 9:34 Summary
[This verse shows how Pharaoh chose to rebel against God again, even after seeing the power of God in the storm that just passed, similar to the way the Israelites rebelled against God in the wilderness, as seen in Numbers 14:1-4. Pharaoh's heart was hardened, meaning he refused to listen to God or change his ways, as also seen in Exodus 8:15 and Exodus 8:32. This serves as a warning to us to not harden our hearts against God, but instead to humble ourselves and listen to His voice, as encouraged in Psalm 95:7-8 and Hebrews 3:7-11. By doing so, we can avoid the consequences of a hardened heart and instead experience the blessings of a soft and receptive heart towards God.]
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did Pharaoh continue to harden his heart against God?
Pharaoh's persistent hardening of his heart was a result of his own sinful rebellion against God, as seen in Exodus 9:34, and also a fulfillment of God's sovereignty as stated in Romans 9:17-18, where God hardened Pharaoh's heart to demonstrate His power.
What role did Pharaoh's officials play in this situation?
Pharaoh's officials were also guilty of hardening their hearts, just like their king, as mentioned in Exodus 9:34, indicating that they were in agreement with Pharaoh's rebellion against God, similar to the way the rulers of Israel were often influenced by the people's sin, as seen in 1 Samuel 8:7-8.
How does this verse relate to the concept of free will and God's sovereignty?
This verse highlights the complex interplay between human free will and God's sovereignty, as seen in Exodus 9:34, where Pharaoh's choices were his own, yet God was also at work, hardening Pharaoh's heart, as stated in Exodus 4:21 and Romans 9:17-18.
What can we learn from Pharaoh's mistakes in this verse?
We can learn from Pharaoh's mistakes by recognizing the dangers of a hardened heart, as warned in Hebrews 3:7-11, and instead choosing to humble ourselves before God, as encouraged in 1 Peter 5:6-7, and 2 Chronicles 7:14.
Reflection Questions
- What are some areas in my life where I may be hardening my heart against God, and how can I surrender them to Him?
- How can I balance the concept of human free will with the sovereignty of God, as seen in this verse?
- What role do the people around me play in influencing my decisions, and how can I surround myself with godly counsel, as seen in Proverbs 11:14?
- In what ways can I apply the lesson of Pharaoh's hardened heart to my own life, and how can I cultivate a soft and receptive heart towards God?
Gill's Exposition on Exodus 9:34
And when Pharaoh saw that the rain, and the hail, and the thunders were ceased,.... And there was a clear sky and a fine serene heaven, the black clouds were dispersed and gone, and he heard no more
Trapp's Commentary on Exodus 9:34
Exodus 9:34 And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.Ver. 34. But sinned yet more.] As iron is very soft and malleable while in the fire, but soon after returns to its former hardness: so here.
Ellicott's Commentary on Exodus 9:34
(34) Pharaoh . . . sinned yet more, and hardened his heart.—As Pharaoh had never been so much moved previously, so it now required a greater effort of his will to “harden his heart” than it had ever done before; and thus he now “sinned yet more” than he had as yet sinned. It seems strange that the mercy of God should still have allowed him one other chance (Exodus 10:3-6).
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Exodus 9:34
Verse 34. He sinned yet more, and hardened his heart] These were merely acts of his own; "for who can deny," says Mr. Psalmanazar, "that what God did on Pharaoh was much more proper to soften than to harden his heart; especially when it is observable that it was not till after seeing each miracle, and after the ceasing of each plague, that his heart is said to have been hardened? The verbs here used are in the conjugations pihel and hiphil, and often signify a bare permission, from which it is plain that the words should have been read, God suffered the heart of Pharaoh to be hardened." - Universal Hist., vol. i., p. 494. Note D.
Cambridge Bible on Exodus 9:34
34. hardened his heart] made his heart stubborn (lit. heavy), J’s regular word: see on Exodus 7:13. 35 (E). was hardened] waxed strong (or firm), the word used by E: cf. Exodus 10:20; Exodus 10:27, Exodus 4:21 b. as Jehovah had spoken] This is P’s formula (Exodus 7:13; Exodus 7:22, Exodus 8:15; Exodus 8:19, Exodus 9:12): the clause was probably added here, on the basis of the passages quoted, by the compiler who combined JE with P. by the hand of Moses. Moses is never said to have foretold what is here referred to him: in Exodus 9:12 ‘unto Moses’ is said, which agrees with Exodus 7:3 f. Perhaps the words are intended as a reference to v. 30. Thunder and hail are not common in Egypt: nevertheless they occur occasionally. Different travellers (see Di., or DB. iii. 891) speak of storms of heavy rain, hail, or thunder in Egypt occurring during the winter months; and Sayce (EHH. 169) states that in the spring of 1895 a violent storm of thunder and hail swept along the valley of the Nile and desolated 3000 acres of cultivated land. Vv. 31 f. shew that the plague took place in Jan., or thereabouts; and with this date agrees the statement in v. 19 that the cattle were at the time in the fields, for the cattle in Egypt are from Jan. to April on their pastures, while from May to Dec. they are commonly kept in their stalls.
Whedon's Commentary on Exodus 9:34
SEVENTH PLAGUE — THE HAIL, Exodus 9:13-35. The third triad of judgments is introduced with unusual formality and solemnity. Pharaoh was now a “vessel of wrath,” fit only for destruction. See note on Exodus 9:12.
Sermons on Exodus 9:34
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
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(Exodus) Exodus 7:14-25 by J. Vernon McGee | In this sermon, the preacher discusses the biblical story of Moses and the plagues of Egypt. He emphasizes that the river was essential for the livelihood of the nation, but when i |
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Exodus 5-8 by Brian Brodersen | This sermon delves into the story of Moses and Aaron confronting Pharaoh in Egypt, showcasing God's power through various plagues directed at the Egyptian gods. Despite the miracul |
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(Exodus) Exodus 7:2-9 by J. Vernon McGee | In this sermon, the preacher discusses the story of Moses and Pharaoh in the book of Exodus. He compares Pharaoh to King Cole, who wanted to appear generous but was actually hard-h |
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False Conclusions by Chuck Smith | In this sermon, the speaker focuses on the patience of God and how it relates to the presence of evil in the world. He references Ecclesiastes 8:11, where Solomon declares that bec |
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The Secrets of the Heart by Chuck Smith | In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of standing before God's judgment seat and giving an account of our actions. He highlights that as Christians, we will face t |
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Faith vs. Unbelief by Bill McLeod | In this sermon, the preacher shares a personal testimony of witnessing a miraculous transformation in a family. The mother, who had been praying for a miracle, saw three of her son |
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Christian, Are You Refusing God? by Tim Conway | This sermon emphasizes the importance of not refusing God's voice, drawing parallels between the consequences faced by those who rejected God's warnings in the past and the greater |