Genesis 21:10

Genesis 21:10 in Multiple Translations

Berean Standard Bible BSB

and she said to Abraham, “Expel the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with my son Isaac!”

King James Version KJV

Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast out this bondwoman and her son: for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac.

American Standard Version ASV

Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast out this handmaid and her son: for the son of this handmaid shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac.

Bible in Basic English BBE

So she said to Abraham, Send away that woman and her son: for the son of that woman is not to have a part in the heritage with my son Isaac.

Free Bible Version FBV

So she went to Abraham and told him, “You have to get rid of this slave woman and this son of hers! A slave woman's son is not going to be one of your heirs and inherit together with my son Isaac!”

Geneva Bible 1599 GNV

Wherefore she saide vnto Abraham, Cast out this bond woman and her sonne: for ye sonne of this bonde woman shall not be heire with my sonne Izhak.

Young's Literal Translation YLT

and she saith to Abraham, 'Cast out this handmaid and her son; for the son of this handmaid hath no possession with my son — with Isaac.'

World English Bible WEB

Therefore she said to Abraham, “Cast out this servant and her son! For the son of this servant will not be heir with my son, Isaac.”

Noah Webster Bible WBS

Wherefore, she said to Abraham, Cast out this bond-woman, and her son: for the son of this bond-woman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac.

Douay-Rheims 1899 DRV

Cast out this bondwoman, and her son: for the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with my son Isaac.

Translation for Translators T4T

So she said to Abraham, “Get rid of that slave woman from Egypt and her son! I do not want the son of that slave woman to be alone (OR, to be an heir along with) my son, Isaac!”

Plain English Version PEV

Then Sarah said to Abraham, “When you die, my son Isaac has to get all your things. I don’t want Ishmael to get anything, he is just the son of a worker woman. So you have to tell that woman and her son to get out of our camp. Send them right away from here.”

Study Highlights

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Berean Amplified Bible — Genesis 21:10

BAB

Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Genesis 21:10 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB

HEB וַ/תֹּ֨אמֶר֙ לְ/אַבְרָהָ֔ם גָּרֵ֛שׁ הָ/אָמָ֥ה הַ/זֹּ֖את וְ/אֶת בְּנָ֑/הּ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יִירַשׁ֙ בֶּן הָ/אָמָ֣ה הַ/זֹּ֔את עִם בְּנִ֖/י עִם יִצְחָֽק

וַ/תֹּ֨אמֶר֙ ʼâmar H559 to say Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs

לְ/אַבְרָהָ֔ם ʼAbrâhâm H85 Abraham Prep | N-proper

גָּרֵ֛שׁ gârash H1644 to drive out V-Piel-Impv-2ms

הָ/אָמָ֥ה ʼâmâh H519 maidservant Art | N-fs

הַ/זֹּ֖את zôʼth H2063 this Art | Pron

וְ/אֶת ʼêth H853 Obj. Conj | DirObjM

בְּנָ֑/הּ bên H1121 son N-ms | Suff

כִּ֣י kîy H3588 for Conj

לֹ֤א lôʼ H3808 not Part

יִירַשׁ֙ yârash H3423 to possess V-Qal-Imperf-3ms

בֶּן bên H1121 son N-ms

הָ/אָמָ֣ה ʼâmâh H519 maidservant Art | N-fs

הַ/זֹּ֔את zôʼth H2063 this Art | Pron

עִם ʻim H5973 with Prep

בְּנִ֖/י bên H1121 son N-ms | Suff

עִם ʻim H5973 with Prep

יִצְחָֽק Yitschâq H3327 Isaac N-proper

Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — Genesis 21:10

וַ/תֹּ֨אמֶר֙ ʼâmar H559 "to say" Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs

This Hebrew word means to say or speak, and it's used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to command, promise, or think, and it's translated in the KJV as 'answer', 'appoint', or 'command'.

Definition: 1) to say, speak, utter 1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend 1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called 1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly 1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)

Usage: Occurs in 4337 OT verses. KJV: answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet. See also: Genesis 1:3; Genesis 18:23; Genesis 25:32.

לְ/אַבְרָהָ֔ם ʼAbrâhâm H85 "Abraham" Prep | N-proper

Abraham was a key figure in the Bible, the later name of Abram, and father of many children, including Ishmael and Isaac. He is first mentioned in Genesis 11:26 and his story is told throughout the book of Genesis. Abraham's life and faith are still studied today.

Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.11.26; son of: Terah (H8646); brother of: Nahor (H5152H), Haran (H2039) and Sarah (H8283); married to Sarah (H8283), Hagar (H1904) and Keturah (H6989); father of: Ishmael (H3458), Isaac (H3327), Zimran (H2175), Jokshan (H3370), Medan (H4091), Midian (H4080), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744); also called Abram at Gen.11.26--17.5; 2x § Abraham = "father of a multitude" or "chief of multitude" friend of God and founder of Hebrew nation via God's elective covenant

Usage: Occurs in 159 OT verses. KJV: Abraham. See also: Genesis 17:5; Genesis 24:9; Psalms 47:10.

גָּרֵ֛שׁ gârash H1644 "to drive out" V-Piel-Impv-2ms

This Hebrew word means to drive out or expel, often used in the context of divorce or being forced to leave a place, as seen in the story of Israel's exile. It can also mean to trouble or cast out. In the Bible, it appears in books like Genesis and Exodus.

Definition: : drive out 1) to drive out, expel, cast out, drive away, divorce, put away, thrust away, trouble, cast up 1a) (Qal) to thrust out, cast out 1b) (Niphal) to be driven away, be tossed 1c) (Piel) to drive out, drive away 1d) (Pual) to be thrust out Also means: ga.rash (גָּרַשׁ ": divorce" H1644H)

Usage: Occurs in 45 OT verses. KJV: cast up (out), divorced (woman), drive away (forth, out), expel, [idiom] surely put away, trouble, thrust out. See also: Genesis 3:24; Joshua 24:18; Psalms 34:1.

הָ/אָמָ֥ה ʼâmâh H519 "maidservant" Art | N-fs

A maidservant is a female slave or servant, like the ones mentioned in the stories of Abraham and Sarah in the book of Genesis.

Definition: 1) maid-servant, female slave, maid, handmaid, concubine 1a) of humility (fig.)

Usage: Occurs in 49 OT verses. KJV: (hand-) bondmaid(-woman), maid(-servant). See also: Genesis 20:17; Judges 9:18; Psalms 86:16.

הַ/זֹּ֖את zôʼth H2063 "this" Art | Pron

This Hebrew word means this or that, often used to point out something specific. It appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

Definition: 1) this, this one, here, which, this...that, the one...the other, such 1a) (alone) 1a1) this one 1a2) this...that, the one...the other, another 1b) (appos to subst) 1b1) this 1c) (as predicate) 1c1) this, such 1d) (enclitically) 1d1) then 1d2) who, whom 1d3) how now, what now 1d4) what now 1d5) wherefore now 1d6) behold here 1d7) just now 1d8) now, now already 1e) (poetry) 1e1) wherein, which, those who 1f) (with prefixes) 1f1) in this (place) here, then 1f2) on these conditions, herewith, thus provided, by, through this, for this cause, in this matter 1f3) thus and thus 1f4) as follows, things such as these, accordingly, to that effect, in like manner, thus and thus 1f5) from here, hence, on one side...on the other side 1f6) on this account 1f7) in spite of this, which, whence, how

Usage: Occurs in 570 OT verses. KJV: hereby (-in, -with), it, likewise, the one (other, same), she, so (much), such (deed), that, therefore, these, this (thing), thus. See also: Genesis 2:23; Numbers 7:88; Judges 1:27.

וְ/אֶת ʼêth H853 "Obj." Conj | DirObjM

In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.

Definition: sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Usage: Occurs in 6782 OT verses. KJV: (as such unrepresented in English). See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 10:8; Genesis 19:21.

בְּנָ֑/הּ bên H1121 "son" N-ms | Suff

In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.

Definition: : child/son

Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.

כִּ֣י kîy H3588 "for" Conj

A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.

Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.

לֹ֤א lôʼ H3808 "not" Part

The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.

Definition: 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Usage: Occurs in 3967 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without. See also: Genesis 2:5; Genesis 31:15; Exodus 4:9.

יִירַשׁ֙ yârash H3423 "to possess" V-Qal-Imperf-3ms

To possess means to take control of something, like a piece of land, by driving out others and occupying it. This word is used in the Bible to describe inheriting property or seizing power.

Definition: : possess/inherit 1) to seize, dispossess, take possession off, inherit, disinherit, occupy, impoverish, be an heir 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to take possession of 1a2) to inherit 1a3) to impoverish, come to poverty, be poor 1b) (Niphal) to be dispossessed, be impoverished, come to poverty 1c) (Piel) to devour 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to cause to possess or inherit 1d2) to cause others to possess or inherit 1d3) to impoverish 1d4) to dispossess 1d5) to destroy, bring to ruin, disinherit

Usage: Occurs in 204 OT verses. KJV: cast out, consume, destroy, disinherit, dispossess, drive(-ing) out, enjoy, expel, [idiom] without fail, (give to, leave for) inherit(-ance, -or) [phrase] magistrate, be (make) poor, come to poverty, (give to, make to) possess, get (have) in (take) possession, seize upon, succeed, [idiom] utterly. See also: Genesis 15:3; Joshua 15:63; Psalms 25:13.

בֶּן bên H1121 "son" N-ms

Definition: : child/son

הָ/אָמָ֣ה ʼâmâh H519 "maidservant" Art | N-fs

A maidservant is a female slave or servant, like the ones mentioned in the stories of Abraham and Sarah in the book of Genesis.

Definition: 1) maid-servant, female slave, maid, handmaid, concubine 1a) of humility (fig.)

Usage: Occurs in 49 OT verses. KJV: (hand-) bondmaid(-woman), maid(-servant). See also: Genesis 20:17; Judges 9:18; Psalms 86:16.

הַ/זֹּ֔את zôʼth H2063 "this" Art | Pron

This Hebrew word means this or that, often used to point out something specific. It appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

עִם ʻim H5973 "with" Prep

This Hebrew word means with or together, like when God is with his people in Exodus 33:14-15. It's used to describe accompaniment or association, and can also mean against or beside. The word is used to convey a sense of relationship or proximity between people or things.

Definition: 1) with 1a) with 1b) against 1c) toward 1d) as long as

Usage: Occurs in 919 OT verses. KJV: accompanying, against, and, as ([idiom] long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-) to, with(-al). See also: Genesis 3:6; Exodus 21:14; Deuteronomy 29:11.

בְּנִ֖/י bên H1121 "son" N-ms | Suff

Definition: : child/son

עִם ʻim H5973 "with" Prep

Definition: 1) with 1a) with 1b) against 1c) toward 1d) as long as

יִצְחָֽק Yitschâq H3327 "Isaac" N-proper

Isaac, son of Abraham and Sarah, means 'he laughs' and is the father of Esau and Israel. He is first mentioned in Genesis 17:19. Isaac is a key figure in the Bible, playing a role in the patriarchal stories.

Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.17.19; son of: Abraham (H0085) and Sarah (H8283); half-brother of: Ishmael (H3458), Zimran (H2175), Jokshan (H3370), Medan (H4091), Midian (H4080), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744); married to Rebekah (H7259); father of: Esau (H6215) and Israel (H3478) § Isaac = "he laughs" son of Abraham by Sarah his wife and father of Jacob and Esau

Usage: Occurs in 101 OT verses. KJV: Isaac. Compare H3446 (יִשְׂחָק). See also: Genesis 17:19; Genesis 27:30; 2 Chronicles 30:6.

Study Notes — Genesis 21:10

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Context
Cross References
Genesis 21:10 Summary
Frequently Asked Questions
Reflection Questions
Gill's Exposition on Genesis 21:10
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Genesis 21:10
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Genesis 21:10
Trapp's Commentary on Genesis 21:10
Ellicott's Commentary on Genesis 21:10
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Genesis 21:10
Cambridge Bible on Genesis 21:10
Whedon's Commentary on Genesis 21:10
Sermons on Genesis 21:10

Context — Sarah Turns against Hagar

8So the child grew and was weaned, and Abraham held a great feast on the day Isaac was weaned. 9But Sarah saw that the son whom Hagar the Egyptian had borne to Abraham was mocking her son,

10and she said to Abraham, “Expel the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with my son Isaac!”

11Now this matter distressed Abraham greatly because it concerned his son Ishmael. 12But God said to Abraham, “Do not be distressed about the boy and your maidservant. Listen to everything that Sarah tells you, for through Isaac your offspring will be reckoned.

Cross References

	Reference	Text (BSB)
1	John 8:35	A slave is not a permanent member of the family, but a son belongs to it forever.
2	1 John 2:19	They went out from us, but they did not belong to us. For if they had belonged to us, they would have remained with us. But their departure made it clear that none of them belonged to us.
3	Galatians 4:22–31	For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh, but his son by the free woman was born through the promise. These things serve as illustrations, for the women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children into slavery: This is Hagar. Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present-day Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. But the Jerusalem above is free, and she is our mother. For it is written: “Rejoice, O barren woman, who bears no children; break forth and cry aloud, you who have never travailed; because more are the children of the desolate woman than of her who has a husband.” Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise. At that time, however, the son born by the flesh persecuted the son born by the Spirit. It is the same now. But what does the Scripture say? “Expel the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.” Therefore, brothers, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman.
4	Genesis 36:6–7	Later, Esau took his wives and sons and daughters and all the people of his household, along with his livestock, all his other animals, and all the property he had acquired in Canaan, and he moved to a land far away from his brother Jacob. For their possessions were too great for them to dwell together; the land where they stayed could not support them because of their livestock.
5	1 Peter 1:4	and into an inheritance that is imperishable, undefiled, and unfading, reserved in heaven for you,
6	Matthew 22:13	Then the king told the servants, ‘Tie him hand and foot, and throw him into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’
7	Matthew 8:11–12	I say to you that many will come from the east and the west to share the banquet with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven. But the sons of the kingdom will be thrown into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”
8	Galatians 3:18	For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on a promise; but God freely granted it to Abraham through a promise.
9	Genesis 25:19	This is the account of Abraham’s son Isaac. Abraham became the father of Isaac,
10	Galatians 4:7	So you are no longer a slave, but a son; and since you are a son, you are also an heir through God.

Genesis 21:10 Summary

In this verse, Sarah is asking Abraham to send away Hagar, the slave woman, and her son Ishmael, because Sarah does not want Ishmael to share in the inheritance with her son Isaac. This is because God had promised Abraham that Isaac would be the son of promise, as seen in Genesis 17:21. Sarah wants to protect Isaac's inheritance and ensure that he receives the blessing that God has promised. This shows that Sarah is trusting God's plan, even if it is difficult, and is seeking to follow His will, as we are also called to do in Romans 8:28, where it says that God works all things together for good for those who love Him.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why did Sarah want to expel Hagar and Ishmael?

Sarah wanted to expel Hagar and Ishmael because she saw Ishmael mocking her son Isaac, and she did not want Ishmael to share in the inheritance with Isaac, as stated in Genesis 21:10, which is in line with God's promise to Abraham in Genesis 17:21 that Isaac would be the son of promise.

Was Sarah's request to Abraham justified?

While Sarah's request may seem harsh, God later tells Abraham to listen to Sarah and expel Hagar and Ishmael, as seen in Genesis 21:12, indicating that God was sovereign over the situation and had a plan to fulfill His promise to Abraham through Isaac.

What does this verse reveal about the relationship between Sarah and Hagar?

This verse reveals that there was tension and conflict between Sarah and Hagar, with Sarah feeling threatened by Hagar's son Ishmael and wanting to protect her own son Isaac's inheritance, as also seen in the earlier conflict between the two women in Genesis 16:4-6.

How does this verse relate to the broader story of God's covenant with Abraham?

This verse is part of the larger story of God's covenant with Abraham, in which God promises to make Abraham the father of many nations, as seen in Genesis 12:2-3, and to fulfill this promise through Isaac, as stated in Genesis 17:21 and Genesis 21:12.

Reflection Questions

What are some ways that I, like Sarah, may be trying to protect my own interests or the interests of those I love, and how can I trust God to work out His plan in these situations?
How can I balance the need to protect and provide for my own family with the need to trust God and have faith in His sovereignty, as seen in Abraham's situation in Genesis 21:11-12?
What are some areas in my life where I may be experiencing conflict or tension with others, and how can I seek to resolve these conflicts in a way that honors God and trusts in His sovereignty?
What does this verse teach me about the importance of trusting God's plan and timing, even when it is difficult or unclear, as seen in Abraham's trust in God's promise in Genesis 21:12?

Gill's Exposition on Genesis 21:10

Wherefore she said unto Abraham, cast out this bondwoman and her son,.... Hagar, Sarah's handmaid and bondservant, and her son Ishmael; by this it appears that Hagar was concerned in this affair, and

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Genesis 21:10

Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast out this bondwoman and her son: for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on Genesis 21:10

1892 She was enraged by this fact, and perceived it was but a beginning and earnest of greater evil designed by him against her beloved Isaac; being also guided by the wise counsel and providence of God, as appears from . Though the fact was done by Ishmael, yet Sarah plainly saw that this and other like carriages were from his mother’ s instigation and encouragement, who being of an imperious and petulant disposition, as appears from ,9, in all probability comforted herself, and animated her son, by that right he had to his father’ s inheritance as he was his first-born, as may be gathered both from the custom of women in such cases, and from the last words of this verse. Besides, if the mother had been continued, she would easily have prevailed with Abraham to fetch the child back again.

Trapp's Commentary on Genesis 21:10

Genesis 21:10 Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast out this bondwoman and her son: for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, [even] with Isaac.Ver. 10. Cast out this bondwoman.] Who had been, likely, either an author or abettor of her son’ s sin, in ambitiously seeking the inheritance. Out they must, therefore, together: as all hypocrites one day must be cast out of God’ s kingdom. Heaven is an "undefiled inheritance": no dirty dog ever trampled on that golden pavement. There is no passing e coeno in coelum . Heaven would be no heaven to the unregenerate. Beetles love dunghills better than ointments; and swine love mud better than a garden. “ Quid Paris? ut salvus regnet vivatque beatus, Cogi posse negat .” “ What of Paris? To reign in saftey and live in happiness, - nothing, he says, can force him.” - Horat., epist. 2, lines 9, 10.

Ellicott's Commentary on Genesis 21:10

(10) Bondwoman.—Heb., ammâh. This word is rightly translated handmaid in Galatians 4:22, &c., Revised Version. It is rendered maid in Genesis 30:3, and in the plural, maidservants, in Genesis 20:17, where, as we have seen, it means Abimelech’s inferior wives. So also in 1 Samuel 25:41, Abigail professes her willingness to descend from the position of an ammâh to that of a maidservant in David’s honour. The rendering “bondwoman “unduly depresses Hagar’s condition, and with it that of the Jewish Church in the allegory contained in Galatians 4:22-31.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on Genesis 21:10

Verse 10. Cast out this bondwoman and her son] Both Sarah and Abraham have been accused of cruelty in this transaction, because every word reads harsh to us. Cast out; גרש garash signifies not only to thrust out, drive away, and expel, but also to divorce; (see Leviticus 21:7); and it is in this latter sense the word should be understood here. The child of Abraham by Hagar might be considered as having a right at least to a part of the inheritance; and as it was sufficiently known to Sarah that God had designed that the succession should be established in the line of Isaac, she wished Abraham to divorce Hagar, or to perform some sort of legal act by which Ishmael might be excluded from all claim on the inheritance.

Cambridge Bible on Genesis 21:10

10. “Hebrew custom provided for the recognition of the children of the maid-servant (Genesis 30:3), and Ishmael according to the Elohist (Genesis 21:10) was coheir with Isaac” (Stanley Cook, p. 140).

Whedon's Commentary on Genesis 21:10

10. Cast out — Her old spirit of persecution, now embittered by what she saw in Ishmael, came back with imperious force. Comp. Genesis 16:4-6.

Sermons on Genesis 21:10

	Sermon	Description
	Free Grace by C.H. Spurgeon	In this sermon, preached by Charles Haddon Spurgeon in 1859, he boldly proclaims a doctrine that goes against human merit and challenges the righteousness of moralists. He acknowle
	Man's Extremity - God's Opportunity by Zac Poonen	Zac Poonen emphasizes that Isaac represents the work of God through Abraham, contrasting it with Ishmael, who was born from Abraham's own strength. He explains that true service to
	Are You Saved? by James MacDonald	In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of knowing the truth and being set free by it. He refers to the passage in John 8 where Jesus tells his disciples that if the
	Heredity - Part 3 by G.W. North	In this sermon, the preacher discusses the concept of glory and its connection to God's intentions for humanity. The preacher explains that sin led to the introduction of hereditar
	(Evidence of Eternal Life - Part 5) Abiding in Christ by Paris Reidhead	This sermon emphasizes the importance of discernment and abiding in Christ, highlighting the dangers of falling away, the presence of antichrists, and the need to remain steadfast
	Test of Life by William MacDonald	In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of raising children for God rather than for worldly ambitions. He highlights the spiritual well-being of children as a priori
	Is America Dying? by Ray Brubaker	The sermon transcript discusses the phenomenon of people professing faith in Jesus Christ but then drifting away from their faith. The speaker emphasizes the importance of true rep