Joshua 13:31
Joshua 13:31 in Multiple Translations
half of Gilead; and Ashtaroth and Edrei, the royal cities of Og in Bashan. All this was for the clans of the descendants of Machir son of Manasseh, that is, half of the descendants of Machir.
And half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were pertaining unto the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even to the one half of the children of Machir by their families.
and half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, the cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were for the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even for the half of the children of Machir according to their families.
And half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, towns of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were for the children of Machir, the son of Manasseh, for half of the children of Machir by their families.
Also included was Gilead, and Ashtaroth and Edrei, the towns of king Og in Bashan. This was the land allotted to the descendants of Machir, son of Manasseh, for half of them, by families.
And halfe Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were giuen vnto the children of Machir the sonne of Manasseh, to halfe of the children of Machir after their families.
and the half of Gilead, and Ashteroth, and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, [are] to the sons of Machir, son of Manasseh, to the half of the sons of Machir, for their families.
Half Gilead, Ashtaroth, and Edrei, the cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were for the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even for the half of the children of Machir according to their families.
And half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were pertaining to the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even to the one half of the children of Machir by their families.
And half Galaad, and Astaroth, and Edrai, cities of the kingdom of Og in Basan: to the children of Machir, the son of Manasses, to one? half of the children of Machir according to their kindreds.
Their area also included half of the Gilead region, and the cities of Ashtaroth and Edrei where King Og had ruled. All that area was allotted to the clans descended from Manasseh’s son Makir.
Berean Amplified Bible — Joshua 13:31
BAB
Word Study
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Joshua 13:31 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וַ/חֲצִ֤י
הַ/גִּלְעָד֙
וְ/עַשְׁתָּר֣וֹת
וְ/אֶדְרֶ֔עִי
עָרֵ֛י
מַמְלְכ֥וּת
ע֖וֹג
בַּ/בָּשָׁ֑ן
לִ/בְנֵ֤י
מָכִיר֙
בֶּן
מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה
לַ/חֲצִ֥י
בְנֵֽי
מָכִ֖יר
לְ/מִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽ/ם
וַ/חֲצִ֤י
chêtsîy
H2677
half
Conj | N-ms
הַ/גִּלְעָד֙
Gilʻâd
H1568
Gilead
Art | N-proper
וְ/עַשְׁתָּר֣וֹת
ʻAshtârôwth
H6252
Ashtaroth
Conj | N-proper
וְ/אֶדְרֶ֔עִי
ʼedreʻîy
H154
Edrei
Conj | N-proper
עָרֵ֛י
ʻîyr
H5892
excitement
N-fp
מַמְלְכ֥וּת
mamlâkûwth
H4468
kingdom
N-fs
ע֖וֹג
ʻÔwg
H5747
Og
N-proper
בַּ/בָּשָׁ֑ן
Bâshân
H1316
Bashan
Prep | N-proper
לִ/בְנֵ֤י
bên
H1121
son
Prep | N-mp
מָכִיר֙
Mâkîyr
H4353
Machir
N-proper
בֶּן
bên
H1121
son
N-ms
מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה
Mᵉnashsheh
H4519
Moses
N-proper
לַ/חֲצִ֥י
chêtsîy
H2677
half
Prep | N-ms
בְנֵֽי
bên
H1121
son
N-mp
מָכִ֖יר
Mâkîyr
H4353
Machir
N-proper
לְ/מִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽ/ם
mishpâchâh
H4940
family
Prep | N-fp | Suff
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Joshua 13:31
וַ/חֲצִ֤י
chêtsîy
H2677
"half"
Conj | N-ms
This word means half or middle, describing a division or a part of something. It is used to talk about physical things or time, like half of the day. The Bible uses it in various contexts.
Definition: 1) half 1a) half 1b) middle
Usage: Occurs in 101 OT verses. KJV: half, middle, mid(-night), midst, part, two parts. See also: Exodus 12:29; Ruth 3:8; Psalms 102:25.
הַ/גִּלְעָד֙
Gilʻâd
H1568
"Gilead"
Art | N-proper
Gilead refers to a mountainous region east of the Jordan River, also the name of three Israelites. It means 'rocky region' and is sometimes called 'Mount Gilead'.
Definition: Gilead = "rocky region" a mountainous region bounded on the west by the Jordan, on the north by Bashan, on the east by the Arabian plateau, and on the south by Moab and Ammon; sometimes called 'Mount Gilead' or the 'land of Gilead' or just 'Gilead'. Divided into north and south Gilead
Usage: Occurs in 123 OT verses. KJV: Gilead, Gileadite. See also: Genesis 31:21; 1 Samuel 11:9; Psalms 60:9.
וְ/עַשְׁתָּר֣וֹת
ʻAshtârôwth
H6252
"Ashtaroth"
Conj | N-proper
Ashtaroth refers to a Sidonian deity and a place east of the Jordan, given to Manasseh. It means star and is associated with the city in Bashan. The KJV translates it as Asharoth or Astaroth.
Definition: § Ashtaroth or Astaroth = "star" a city in Bashan east of the Jordan given to Manasseh
Usage: Occurs in 12 OT verses. KJV: Asharoth, Astaroth. See also H1045 (בֵּית עַשְׁתָּרוֹת), H6253 (עַשְׁתֹּרֶת), H6255 (עַשְׁתְּרֹת קַרְנַיִם). See also: Deuteronomy 1:4; Judges 10:6; 1 Chronicles 6:56.
וְ/אֶדְרֶ֔עִי
ʼedreʻîy
H154
"Edrei"
Conj | N-proper
Edrei was a chief city in Bashan, north of the Jabbok river, and its name means 'goodly pasture'. The city is mentioned in the book of Deuteronomy and was an important location in the biblical account of Israel's history.
Definition: § Edrei = "goodly pasture" a chief city of Bashan, north of Jabbok river
Usage: Occurs in 8 OT verses. KJV: Edrei. See also: Numbers 21:33; Joshua 12:4; Joshua 19:37.
עָרֵ֛י
ʻîyr
H5892
"excitement"
N-fp
In the Bible, this word refers to a city or town, often a place with a wall or a watchman. It is used to describe a settlement or encampment, like the city of Ai, which is mentioned in the book of Joshua. The word is used to identify specific locations in the Bible.
Definition: 1) excitement, anguish 1a) of terror
Usage: Occurs in 936 OT verses. KJV: Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town. See also: Genesis 4:17; Deuteronomy 3:6; Joshua 14:12.
מַמְלְכ֥וּת
mamlâkûwth
H4468
"kingdom"
N-fs
Similar to H4467, this word also means kingdom or dominion, emphasizing a ruler's power and authority. It is used in the Bible to describe the kingdoms of Israel and other nations, as well as God's reign over his people.
Definition: 1) kingdom, dominion, reign, sovereignty 1a) kingdom 1b) dominion, royal power 1c) reign
Usage: Occurs in 9 OT verses. KJV: kingdom, reign. See also: Joshua 13:12; Joshua 13:31; Jeremiah 26:1.
ע֖וֹג
ʻÔwg
H5747
"Og"
N-proper
Og was a powerful king of Bashan, mentioned in Numbers 21, and was one of the last giants of the Rephaim. His name means long-necked and he is known for his strength. Og was defeated by the Israelites.
Definition: A man of Bashan living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Num.21.33 § Og = "long-necked" the Amorite king of Bashan and one of the last representatives of the giants of Rephaim
Usage: Occurs in 22 OT verses. KJV: Og. See also: Numbers 21:33; Deuteronomy 31:4; Psalms 135:11.
בַּ/בָּשָׁ֑ן
Bâshân
H1316
"Bashan"
Prep | N-proper
Bashan was a fertile region east of the Jordan River, given to the half-tribe of Manasseh. It was known for its fruitfulness and is mentioned in the Bible as a significant area.
Definition: § Bashan = "fruitful" a district east of the Jordan known for its fertility which was given to the half-tribe of Manasseh
Usage: Occurs in 53 OT verses. KJV: Bashan. See also: Numbers 21:33; Joshua 21:27; Psalms 22:13.
לִ/בְנֵ֤י
bên
H1121
"son"
Prep | N-mp
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Definition: : child/son
Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.
מָכִיר֙
Mâkîyr
H4353
"Machir"
N-proper
Machir was an Israelite who lived during the United Monarchy, mentioned in 2 Samuel 9:4 as the son of Ammiel, and played a significant role in helping Saul and David. He was also the son of Manasseh and an Aramite woman. His name means 'sold'.
Definition: A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.9.4; son of: Ammiel (H5988H) § Machir = "sold" 1) eldest son of Manasseh by an Aramite or Syrian concubine and progenitor of a large family 2) son of Ammiel, a powerful chief of one of the Transjordanic tribes who rendered essential services to Saul and to David
Usage: Occurs in 20 OT verses. KJV: Machir. See also: Genesis 50:23; Judges 5:14; 1 Chronicles 7:17.
בֶּן
bên
H1121
"son"
N-ms
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Definition: : child/son
Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.
מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה
Mᵉnashsheh
H4519
"Moses"
N-proper
Manasseh was a grandson of Jacob and the ancestor of a large tribe in the Bible, mentioned in Genesis 41:51 and throughout the book of Numbers.
Definition: A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Exo.2.10; son of: Amram (H6019) and Jochebed (H3115); brother of: Aaron (H0175) and Miriam (H4813); married to Zipporah (H6855); father of: Gershom (H1647) and Eliezer (H0461H); also called Manasseh at Jdg.18.30(?) Another name of mo.sheh (מֹשֶׁה "Moses" H4872) § Manasseh = "causing to forget" 1) the eldest son of Joseph and progenitor of the tribe of Manasseh 1a) the tribe descended from Manasseh 1b) the territory occupied by the tribe of Manasseh 2) son of king Hezekiah of Judah and himself king of Judah; he was the immediate and direct cause for the exile 3) a descendant of Pahath-moab who put away a foreign wife in the time of Ezra 4) a descendant of Hashum who put away a foreign wife in the time of Ezra
Usage: Occurs in 133 OT verses. KJV: Manasseh. See also: Genesis 41:51; Joshua 22:21; Psalms 60:9.
לַ/חֲצִ֥י
chêtsîy
H2677
"half"
Prep | N-ms
This word means half or middle, describing a division or a part of something. It is used to talk about physical things or time, like half of the day. The Bible uses it in various contexts.
Definition: 1) half 1a) half 1b) middle
Usage: Occurs in 101 OT verses. KJV: half, middle, mid(-night), midst, part, two parts. See also: Exodus 12:29; Ruth 3:8; Psalms 102:25.
בְנֵֽי
bên
H1121
"son"
N-mp
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Definition: : child/son
Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.
מָכִ֖יר
Mâkîyr
H4353
"Machir"
N-proper
Machir was an Israelite who lived during the United Monarchy, mentioned in 2 Samuel 9:4 as the son of Ammiel, and played a significant role in helping Saul and David. He was also the son of Manasseh and an Aramite woman. His name means 'sold'.
Definition: A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.9.4; son of: Ammiel (H5988H) § Machir = "sold" 1) eldest son of Manasseh by an Aramite or Syrian concubine and progenitor of a large family 2) son of Ammiel, a powerful chief of one of the Transjordanic tribes who rendered essential services to Saul and to David
Usage: Occurs in 20 OT verses. KJV: Machir. See also: Genesis 50:23; Judges 5:14; 1 Chronicles 7:17.
לְ/מִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽ/ם
mishpâchâh
H4940
"family"
Prep | N-fp | Suff
This word refers to a family or clan, and can also mean a tribe or nation, such as the people of Israel, emphasizing the importance of family ties.
Definition: 1) clan, family 1a) clan 1a1) family 1a2) tribe 1a3) people, nation 1b) guild 1c) species, kind 1d) aristocrats
Usage: Occurs in 224 OT verses. KJV: family, kind(-red). See also: Genesis 8:19; Numbers 26:41; Esther 9:28.
Study Notes — Joshua 13:31
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Joshua 13:31 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Joshua 13:31
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Joshua 13:31
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Joshua 13:31
- Trapp's Commentary on Joshua 13:31
- Ellicott's Commentary on Joshua 13:31
- Cambridge Bible on Joshua 13:31
- Whedon's Commentary on Joshua 13:31
Context — Manasseh’s Eastern Inheritance
29This is what Moses had given to the clans of the half-tribe of Manasseh, that is, to half the tribe of the descendants of Manasseh:
30The territory from Mahanaim through all Bashan—all the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, including all the towns of Jair that are in Bashan, sixty cities;
31half of Gilead; and Ashtaroth and Edrei, the royal cities of Og in Bashan. All this was for the clans of the descendants of Machir son of Manasseh, that is, half of the descendants of Machir.
32These were the portions Moses had given them on the plains of Moab beyond the Jordan, east of Jericho. 33To the tribe of Levi, however, Moses had given no inheritance. The LORD, the God of Israel, is their inheritance, just as He had promised them.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 12:4 | And Og king of Bashan, one of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei. |
| 2 | Numbers 32:39–40 | The descendants of Machir son of Manasseh went to Gilead, captured it, and drove out the Amorites who were there. So Moses gave Gilead to the clan of Machir son of Manasseh, and they settled there. |
Joshua 13:31 Summary
Joshua 13:31 tells us about the land God gave to the descendants of Machir, who was a son of Manasseh. This land included half of Gilead and some cities that used to belong to King Og. This is a reminder that God is faithful to His promises, just like He promised the Israelites in Deuteronomy 1:8 and Joshua 1:3. We can learn from this verse that God gives us our own unique inheritance and responsibilities, and we should be faithful stewards of what He has given us, as seen in Matthew 25:14-30.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the significance of Gilead in Joshua 13:31?
Gilead was a region east of the Jordan River, and half of it was given to the descendants of Machir son of Manasseh, as seen in Joshua 13:31, which is a fulfillment of God's promise to the Israelites in Deuteronomy 3:12-17.
Who was Og and why are his cities mentioned in this verse?
Og was a king of Bashan, and his cities, including Ashtaroth and Edrei, were given to the Israelites as part of their inheritance, as stated in Joshua 13:31, and also mentioned in Deuteronomy 3:1-11 where Moses defeated Og.
What is the relationship between Machir and Manasseh in this verse?
Machir was a son of Manasseh, and the descendants of Machir were given half of Gilead and other cities as their inheritance, as seen in Joshua 13:31, which is a part of the larger division of the promised land among the tribes of Israel in Joshua 13:1-33.
How does this verse relate to the broader context of the book of Joshua?
This verse is part of the description of the division of the land among the tribes of Israel, which is a major theme in the book of Joshua, and is a fulfillment of God's promises to the Israelites in books such as Numbers 32:33 and Deuteronomy 3:12-22.
Reflection Questions
- What can we learn from the way God divided the land among the tribes of Israel, and how can we apply this to our own lives?
- How does the mention of Og's cities in this verse remind us of God's power and faithfulness to His people?
- What role does faith and trust in God play in our own inheritance and inheritance of the promises of God, as seen in verses like Joshua 1:6 and Hebrews 11:1-2?
- How can we, like the descendants of Machir, be faithful stewards of the inheritance God has given us, as taught in passages such as Matthew 25:14-30 and 1 Corinthians 4:2?
Gill's Exposition on Joshua 13:31
And half Gilead,.... The other half not given to the Gadites, who had that half of it which Sihon possessed, and the tribe of Manasseh that half of it which Og possessed, see Deuteronomy 3:12; and
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Joshua 13:31
And half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were pertaining unto the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even to the one half of the children of Machir by their families.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Joshua 13:31
The children of Machir; whom before he called the children of Manasseh, he now calls the children of machir, because Machir was the most eminent, and, as it may seem, the only surviving son of Manasseh, . For the other half of Machir’ s or Manasseh’ s children, see , &c.
Trapp's Commentary on Joshua 13:31
Joshua 13:31 And half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, [were pertaining] unto the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, [even] to the one half of the children of Machir by their families.Ver. 31. Mackir the son of Manasseh.] Whose children had taken Gilead: and therefore had the like right to it as Jacob had to that portion of ground which he gave to their great-grandfather Joseph.
Ellicott's Commentary on Joshua 13:31
OF THE BY MOSES ON THE EAST OF JORDAN (Joshua 13:15-33). (15) Reuben.—See also Numbers 32:33-42 and Deuteronomy 3:16, &c.
Cambridge Bible on Joshua 13:31
31. Ashtaroth] See ch. Joshua 12:4, so called doubtless from being a seat of the worship of Ashtoreth, the principal female divinity of the Phœnicians, the Astarte of the Greeks and Romans. The only trace of the name yet recovered is Tell-Ashterah or Asherah. and Edrei] See above, ch. Joshua 12:4. The northern part of Gilead was given to Machir, the eldest son of the patriarch Manasseh (1 Chronicles 7:14), or rather the half of his male descendants. They consisted of seven families, whose heads are named 1 Chronicles 5:24. So great was their power, that the name of Machir occasionally supersedes that of Manasseh. They took the bold “tract of Argob … sixty great cities (Deuteronomy 3:14), among the most difficult, if not the most difficult, district in the whole country.” Thus it is plain that the half tribe of Manasseh occupied by far the largest extent of land on the east of the Jordan. It embraced (a) the inaccessible heights and impassable ravines of Gilead; and (b) the almost impregnable tract of Argob, where “all is stone,” “an ocean of basaltic rocks and boulders tossed about in the wildest confusion.” “The same martial spirit, which fitted the western Manasseh to defend the passes of Esdraelon, fitted ‘Machir, the firstborn of Manasseh, the father of Gilead,’ to defend the passes of Haurân and Anti-Libanus; ‘because he was a man of war, therefore he had Gilead and Bashan.’ ” Stanley’s Lectures, I. 219.
Of the development of the tribe subsequently we have a remarkable illustration at the time of the coronation of David at Hebron. On that occasion, “while the western Manasseh sent 18,000, and Ephraim itself but 20,800, the eastern Manasseh, with Gad and Reuben, mustered to the number of 120,000, thoroughly armed—a remarkable demonstration of strength, still more remarkable when we remember the fact that Saul’s house, with the great Abner at its head, was then residing at Mahanaim on the border of Manasseh and Gad.” See Smith’s Bib. Dict. Art. “Manasseh.”
Whedon's Commentary on Joshua 13:31
31. Half Gilead — The northern half, for the southern was assigned to Gad. Joshua 13:25. Ashtaroth — Generally supposed to be identical with the Ashteroth-karnaim of Gen 14:5.