Joshua 23:12

Joshua 23:12 in Multiple Translations

Berean Standard Bible BSB

For if you turn away and cling to the rest of these nations that remain among you, and if you intermarry and associate with them,

King James Version KJV

Else if ye do in any wise go back, and cleave unto the remnant of these nations, even these that remain among you, and shall make marriages with them, and go in unto them, and they to you:

American Standard Version ASV

Else if ye do at all go back, and cleave unto the remnant of these nations, even these that remain among you, and make marriages with them, and go in unto them, and they to you;

Bible in Basic English BBE

For if you go back, joining yourselves to the rest of these nations who are still among you, getting married to them and living with them and they with you:

Free Bible Version FBV

For if you do turn from him, and adopt the ways of the nations that are left, if you intermarry with them, associating with one another,

Geneva Bible 1599 GNV

Els, if ye goe backe, and cleaue vnto the rest of these nations: that is, of them that remaine with you, and shall make marriages with them, and goe vnto them, and they to you,

Young's Literal Translation YLT

'But — if ye at all turn back and have cleaved to the remnant of these nations, these who are left with you, and intermarried with them, and gone in to them, and they to you,

World English Bible WEB

“But if you do at all go back, and hold fast to the remnant of these nations, even these who remain among you, and make marriages with them, and go in to them, and they to you;

Noah Webster Bible WBS

Else if ye do in any wise go back, and cleave to the remnant of these nations, even these that remain among you, and shall make marriages with them, and associate with them, and they with you:

Douay-Rheims 1899 DRV

But if you will embrace the errors of these nations that dwell among you, and make marriages with them, and join friendships:

Translation for Translators T4T

“If you turn away from doing what Yahweh desires and you associate with the people who are not Israelis, and if you marry them,

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Berean Amplified Bible — Joshua 23:12

BAB

Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Joshua 23:12 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB

HEB כִּ֣י אִם שׁ֣וֹב תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ וּ/דְבַקְתֶּם֙ בְּ/יֶ֨תֶר֙ הַ/גּוֹיִ֣ם הָ/אֵ֔לֶּה הַ/נִּשְׁאָרִ֥ים הָ/אֵ֖לֶּה אִתְּ/כֶ֑ם וְ/הִֽתְחַתַּנְתֶּ֥ם בָּ/הֶ֛ם וּ/בָאתֶ֥ם בָּ/הֶ֖ם וְ/הֵ֥ם בָּ/כֶֽם

כִּ֣י kîy H3588 for Conj

אִם ʼim H518 if Conj

שׁ֣וֹב shûwb H7725 to return V-Qal-Ptc

תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ shûwb H7725 to return V-Qal-Imperf-2mp

וּ/דְבַקְתֶּם֙ dâbaq H1692 to cleave Conj | V-Qal-2mp

בְּ/יֶ֨תֶר֙ yether H3499 remainder Prep | N-ms

הַ/גּוֹיִ֣ם gôwy H1471 Gentile Art | N-mp

הָ/אֵ֔לֶּה ʼêl-leh H428 these Art | Pron

הַ/נִּשְׁאָרִ֥ים shâʼar H7604 to remain Art | V-Niphal

הָ/אֵ֖לֶּה ʼêl-leh H428 these Art | Pron

אִתְּ/כֶ֑ם ʼêth H854 with Prep | Suff

וְ/הִֽתְחַתַּנְתֶּ֥ם châthan H2859 relative Conj | V-Hithpael-2mp

בָּ/הֶ֛ם Prep | Suff

וּ/בָאתֶ֥ם bôwʼ H935 Lebo Conj | V-Qal-2mp

בָּ/הֶ֖ם Prep | Suff

וְ/הֵ֥ם hêm H1992 they(masc.) Conj | Pron

בָּ/כֶֽם Prep | Suff

Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — Joshua 23:12

כִּ֣י kîy H3588 "for" Conj

A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.

Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.

אִם ʼim H518 "if" Conj

This Hebrew word is used to express conditions or questions, like if or whether. It can also be used to make oaths or express wishes, as in Oh that! It appears in various forms in the KJV, including if, though, and when.

Definition: : if/whether_or/though 1) if 1a) conditional clauses 1a1) of possible situations 1a2) of impossible situations 1b) oath contexts 1b1) no, not 1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or 1d) when, whenever 1e) since 1f) interrogative particle 1g) but rather

Usage: Occurs in 931 OT verses. KJV: (and, can-, doubtless, if, that) (not), [phrase] but, either, [phrase] except, [phrase] more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or, [phrase] save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, [phrase] surely (no more, none, not), though, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] unless, [phrase] verily, when, whereas, whether, while, [phrase] yet. See also: Genesis 4:7; Exodus 22:3; Leviticus 27:27.

שׁ֣וֹב shûwb H7725 "to return" V-Qal-Ptc

This Hebrew word means to return or turn back, and can be used literally or figuratively. It is often used to describe someone returning to God or repenting from sin, as seen in the book of Psalms and the prophets.

Definition: : return 1) to return, turn back 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to turn back, return 1a1a) to turn back 1a1b) to return, come or go back 1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back 1a1d) of dying 1a1e) of human relations (fig) 1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig) 1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise 1a1f2) to turn away (of God) 1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent 1a1f4) turn back (from evil) 1a1g) of inanimate things 1a1h) in repetition 1b) (Polel) 1b1) to bring back 1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig) 1b3) to lead away (enticingly) 1b4) to show turning, apostatise 1c) (Pual) restored (participle) 1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back 1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment 1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore 1d3) to bring back, report to, answer 1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense) 1d5) to turn back or backward, repel, defeat, repulse, hinder, reject, refuse 1d6) to turn away (face), turn toward 1d7) to turn against 1d8) to bring back to mind 1d9) to show a turning away 1d10) to reverse, revoke 1e) (Hophal) to be returned, be restored, be brought back 1f) (Pulal) brought back

Usage: Occurs in 953 OT verses. KJV: ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) [idiom] again, (cause to) answer ([phrase] again), [idiom] in any case (wise), [idiom] at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, [idiom] certainly, come again (back), [idiom] consider, [phrase] continually, convert, deliver (again), [phrase] deny, draw back, fetch home again, [idiom] fro, get (oneself) (back) again, [idiom] give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, [idiom] needs, be past, [idiom] pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, [phrase] say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, [idiom] surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw. See also: Genesis 3:19; Numbers 8:25; Judges 8:13.

תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ shûwb H7725 "to return" V-Qal-Imperf-2mp

וּ/דְבַקְתֶּם֙ dâbaq H1692 "to cleave" Conj | V-Qal-2mp

To cleave means to cling or stick to something, like pursuing something closely. It's used in the Bible to describe following God or others.

Definition: 1) to cling, stick, stay close, cleave, keep close, stick to, stick with, follow closely, join to, overtake, catch 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to cling, cleave to 1a2) to stay with 1b) (Pual) to be joined together 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to cause to cleave to 1c2) to pursue closely 1c3) to overtake 1d) (Hophal) to be made to cleave Aramaic equivalent: de.vaq (דְּבֵק "to cleave" H1693)

Usage: Occurs in 52 OT verses. KJV: abide fast, cleave (fast together), follow close (hard after), be joined (together), keep (fast), overtake, pursue hard, stick, take. See also: Genesis 2:24; 2 Samuel 20:2; Psalms 22:16.

בְּ/יֶ֨תֶר֙ yether H3499 "remainder" Prep | N-ms

A cord or rope, also meaning excess or remainder, as seen in the Bible's descriptions of leftovers or abundant resources.

Definition: 1) remainder, excess, rest, remnant, excellence 1a) remainder, remnant 1b) remainder, rest, other part 1c) excess 1d) abundantly (adv) 1e) abundance, affluence 1f) superiority, excellency

Usage: Occurs in 95 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] abundant, cord, exceeding, excellancy(-ent), what they leave, that hath left, plentifully, remnant, residue, rest, string, with. See also: Genesis 49:3; 2 Kings 15:26; Psalms 11:2.

הַ/גּוֹיִ֣ם gôwy H1471 "Gentile" Art | N-mp

This word refers to a Gentile, someone who is not Hebrew or Israeli. It can also describe a large group of animals or a nation of people, emphasizing their unity and shared identity.

Definition: 1) nation, people 1a) nation, people 1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people 1a2) of descendants of Abraham 1a3) of Israel 1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.) 1c) Goyim? = "nations" Also named: ethnos (ἔθνος "Gentiles" G1484)

Usage: Occurs in 511 OT verses. KJV: Gentile, heathen, nation, people. See also: Genesis 10:5; Judges 4:16; Psalms 2:1.

הָ/אֵ֔לֶּה ʼêl-leh H428 "these" Art | Pron

This Hebrew word is used to point out specific people or things, like saying 'these' or 'those'. It appears in the book of Genesis, where God says 'let there be light' and separates the light from the darkness.

Definition: 1) these 1a) used before antecedent 1b) used following antecedent Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)

Usage: Occurs in 697 OT verses. KJV: an-(the) other; one sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those, thus, which, who(-m). See also: Genesis 2:4; Exodus 35:1; Deuteronomy 1:35.

הַ/נִּשְׁאָרִ֥ים shâʼar H7604 "to remain" Art | V-Niphal

To remain or be left over, as in Joshua 10:20. It can also mean to spare or reserve something, like God sparing Noah in Genesis 7:23. This word is used to describe the remnant of Israel.

Definition: 1) to remain, be left over, be left behind 1a) (Qal) to remain 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be left over, be left alive, survive 1b1a) remainder, remnant (participle) 1b2) to be left behind 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to leave over, spare 1c2) to leave or keep over 1c3) to have left 1c4) to leave (as a gift)

Usage: Occurs in 123 OT verses. KJV: leave, (be) left, let, remain, remnant, reserve, the rest. See also: Genesis 7:23; 1 Kings 22:47; Isaiah 4:3.

הָ/אֵ֖לֶּה ʼêl-leh H428 "these" Art | Pron

Definition: 1) these 1a) used before antecedent 1b) used following antecedent Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)

Usage: Occurs in 697 OT verses. KJV: an-(the) other; one sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those, thus, which, who(-m). See also: Genesis 2:4; Exodus 35:1; Deuteronomy 1:35.

אִתְּ/כֶ֑ם ʼêth H854 "with" Prep | Suff

This Hebrew preposition means 'with' or 'near', indicating a close relationship or physical proximity. It's used in Genesis 1:26 to describe God's relationship with humanity, and in many other places to show connection or closeness.

Definition: 1) with, near, together with 1a) with, together with 1b) with (of relationship) 1c) near (of place) 1d) with (poss.) 1e) from...with, from (with other prep)

Usage: Occurs in 787 OT verses. KJV: against, among, before, by, for, from, in(-to), (out) of, with. Often with another prepositional prefix. See also: Genesis 4:1; Genesis 42:32; Numbers 1:5.

וְ/הִֽתְחַתַּנְתֶּ֥ם châthan H2859 "relative" Conj | V-Hithpael-2mp

To be related by marriage means to become connected through wedding vows. In the Bible, this word describes the relationship between a husband and his wife's family, including his father-in-law and mother-in-law.

Definition: a son-in-law, a daughter's husband, wife's father, wife's mother, father-in-law, mother-in- law

Usage: Occurs in 32 OT verses. KJV: join in affinity, father in law, make marriages, mother in law, son in law. See also: Genesis 34:9; Deuteronomy 7:3; Ezra 9:14.

בָּ/הֶ֛ם "" Prep | Suff

וּ/בָאתֶ֥ם bôwʼ H935 "Lebo" Conj | V-Qal-2mp

This verb means to go or come, and is used in many contexts, such as entering a place or approaching someone, as seen in the book of Genesis. It can also mean to abide or apply, and is translated in various ways in the KJV Bible. This term is related to the name Lebo Hamath.

Definition: A shortened name of Lebo Hamath complined withcha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574) This name means to go in, enter

Usage: Occurs in 2307 OT verses. KJV: abide, apply, attain, [idiom] be, befall, [phrase] besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, [idiom] certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out, upon, to pass), depart, [idiom] doubtless again, [phrase] eat, [phrase] employ, (cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be fallen, fetch, [phrase] follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war), grant, [phrase] have, [idiom] indeed, (in-) vade, lead, lift (up), mention, pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, [idiom] (well) stricken (in age), [idiom] surely, take (in), way. See also: Genesis 2:19; Genesis 32:7; Exodus 1:19.

בָּ/הֶ֖ם "" Prep | Suff

וְ/הֵ֥ם hêm H1992 "they(masc.)" Conj | Pron

This Hebrew word is used to refer to a group of men, emphasizing that it is specifically them. It is often translated as 'they' or 'them' in the Bible, and appears in books like Exodus and Isaiah.

Definition: they, these, the same, who

Usage: Occurs in 524 OT verses. KJV: it, like, [idiom] (how, so) many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, [idiom] so, [idiom] such, their, them, these, they, those, which, who, whom, withal, ye. See also: Genesis 3:7; Deuteronomy 19:17; 2 Kings 1:18.

בָּ/כֶֽם "" Prep | Suff

Study Notes — Joshua 23:12

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Context
Cross References
Joshua 23:12 Summary
Frequently Asked Questions
Reflection Questions
Gill's Exposition on Joshua 23:12
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Joshua 23:12
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Joshua 23:12
Trapp's Commentary on Joshua 23:12
Ellicott's Commentary on Joshua 23:12
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Joshua 23:12
Cambridge Bible on Joshua 23:12
Whedon's Commentary on Joshua 23:12
Sermons on Joshua 23:12

Context — Joshua’s Charge to Leaders

10One of you can put a thousand to flight, because the LORD your God fights for you, just as He promised. 11Therefore watch yourselves carefully, that you love the LORD your God.

12For if you turn away and cling to the rest of these nations that remain among you, and if you intermarry and associate with them,

13know for sure that the LORD your God will no longer drive out these nations before you. Instead, they will become for you a snare and a trap, a scourge in your sides and thorns in your eyes, until you perish from this good land that the LORD your God has given you. 14Now behold, today I am going the way of all the earth, and you know with all your heart and soul that not one of the good promises the LORD your God made to you has failed. Everything was fulfilled for you; not one promise has failed.

Cross References

	Reference	Text (BSB)
1	Deuteronomy 7:3	Do not intermarry with them. Do not give your daughters to their sons or take their daughters for your sons,
2	Ezekiel 18:24	But if a righteous man turns from his righteousness and practices iniquity, committing the same abominations as the wicked, will he live? None of the righteous acts he did will be remembered. Because of the unfaithfulness and sin he has committed, he will die.
3	Zephaniah 1:6	and those who turn back from following the LORD, neither seeking the LORD nor inquiring of Him.”
4	Exodus 34:12–16	Be careful not to make a treaty with the inhabitants of the land you are entering, lest they become a snare in your midst. Rather, you must tear down their altars, smash their sacred stones, and chop down their Asherah poles. For you must not worship any other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God. Do not make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, for when they prostitute themselves to their gods and sacrifice to them, they will invite you, and you will eat their sacrifices. And when you take some of their daughters as brides for your sons, their daughters will prostitute themselves to their gods and cause your sons to do the same.
5	Isaiah 1:4	Alas, O sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a brood of evildoers, children of depravity! They have forsaken the LORD; they have despised the Holy One of Israel and turned their backs on Him.
6	Psalms 125:5	But those who turn to crooked ways the LORD will banish with the evildoers. Peace be upon Israel.
7	Genesis 34:3	And his soul was drawn to Dinah, the daughter of Jacob. He loved the young girl and spoke to her tenderly.
8	Hebrews 10:38–39	But My righteous one will live by faith; and if he shrinks back, I will take no pleasure in him.” But we are not of those who shrink back and are destroyed, but of those who have faith and preserve their souls.
9	1 Kings 11:2	These women were from the nations about which the LORD had told the Israelites, “You must not intermarry with them, for surely they will turn your hearts after their gods.” Yet Solomon clung to these women in love.
10	Genesis 2:24	For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh.

Joshua 23:12 Summary

[This verse is a warning to the Israelites not to form close relationships with the nations that were not driven out of the land, because it could lead to spiritual compromise and idolatry. It's like when we befriend people who don't share our values and beliefs, and we start to adopt their ways, which can pull us away from God. As it says in Psalm 1:1, 'Blessed is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked.' We need to be careful about who we associate with and make sure we're not compromising our faith. By trusting in God's power and promises, like in Deuteronomy 31:6, we can stay strong and faithful.]

Frequently Asked Questions

What does it mean to 'cling to the rest of these nations' in Joshua 23:12?

This phrase means to form close relationships or alliances with the nations that were not driven out of the land, which can lead to spiritual compromise and idolatry, as seen in Deuteronomy 7:1-6 and 2 Corinthians 6:14-16.

Why is intermarriage with other nations a problem in this verse?

Interrmarriage with other nations can lead to spiritual compromise and the adoption of pagan practices, as warned in Deuteronomy 7:3-4 and Ezra 9:1-2, which can ultimately lead to the Israelites' downfall.

What is the consequence of turning away from God and clinging to other nations?

The consequence is that God will no longer drive out these nations, and instead, they will become a snare and a trap to the Israelites, as stated in Joshua 23:13, leading to their eventual destruction, as seen in the book of Judges.

How does this verse relate to the Christian life today?

This verse serves as a reminder to believers to be separate from the world and to avoid compromising their faith, as commanded in 2 Corinthians 6:17-18 and James 1:27, and to trust in God's power and promises, as seen in Romans 8:31-39 and Hebrews 11:1-40.

Reflection Questions

What are some ways that I may be 'clinging to the rest of these nations' in my own life, and how can I separate myself from them?
How can I balance my relationships with unbelievers with the need to remain separate and uncompromising in my faith?
What are some 'nations' or worldly influences that I need to be aware of in my own life, and how can I avoid their negative impact?
How can I trust in God's power and promises, like the Israelites were supposed to, and what difference would that make in my life?

Gill's Exposition on Joshua 23:12

Else if ye do in any wise go back,.... From the Lord and his worship, from his word and ordinances: and cleave unto the remnant of these nations, [even] those that remain among you; in cities not

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Joshua 23:12

Else if ye do in any wise go back, and cleave unto the remnant of these nations, even these that remain among you, and shall make marriages with them, and go in unto them, and they to you: Else, if

Matthew Poole's Commentary on Joshua 23:12

If ye go back, from God, and from his worship and service. Go in unto them; the phrase notes the matrimonial act.

Trapp's Commentary on Joshua 23:12

Joshua 23:12 Else if ye do in any wise go back, and cleave unto the remnant of these nations, [even] these that remain among you, and shall make marriages with them, and go in unto them, and they to you:Ver. 12. Else, if ye do in any wise go back.] Apostates cannot choose to themselves a worse condition; there is martial law for such: they "draw back to perdition." And cleave unto the remnant.] It is not safe to seek the association of others in a sinful way. Jehoshaphat smarted for joining with Ahab: Hunniades, for cleaving to that perjured Popish king at the battle of Varna: the Greek Church, for calling in the help of the Latin Church against the Turk; subjecting themselves to the Bishop of Rome.

Ellicott's Commentary on Joshua 23:12

(12,13) if ye . . . make marriages with them . . . the Lord your God will no more drive out.—The common-sense of this warning is manifest. The God of Israel cannot treat as His enemies those whom Israel has united with itself, unless He also makes war on Israel. It was a long time before Israel learned the lesson how to live in the world without being of the world. It was not learnt until after the Babylonish captivity, and when learnt, it soon developed into a Pharisaical exclusiveness, which produced the very opposite effect to that which the law was intended to have.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on Joshua 23:12

Verse 12. Else if ye do - go back] The soldier who draws back when going to meet the enemy, forfeits his life. These were the Lord's soldiers, and if they drew back they drew back unto perdition, their lives being forfeited by their infidelity.

Cambridge Bible on Joshua 23:12

12. if ye do] “If ye do in any wise turn back, and cleave to the remnant of these nations, these that remain with you, and make marriages with them, and ye come among them, and they among you, know for a certainty that the protection of the Almighty will fail you, and His arm will no more give you success against them.”

Whedon's Commentary on Joshua 23:12

12. Make marriages — This most intimate form of alliance was forbidden in Exodus 34:12-16, as a precaution against temptation. Thus Christians are forbidden to wed infidels or pagans. 2 Corinthians 6:14.

Sermons on Joshua 23:12

	Sermon	Description
	Careless Choices by John Gifford Bellett	John Gifford Bellett preaches on the importance of obedience in marriage as a test of the state of the nation, tracing the decline from Abraham's faithful example to Judah's comple
	Commentary Notes - Joshua by Walter Beuttler	Walter Beuttler preaches on the book of Joshua, highlighting the historical account of Israel's conquest of Canaan, where God led them into victory. The key phrase 'the Lord fought
	The Danger of Doubting by C.H. Spurgeon	In this sermon, the speaker addresses the doubts and fears that can arise in times of trouble. He encourages the audience to trust in God's purposes and not to doubt His faithfulne
	What Will Bring Revival in America? by Charles Finney	Charles Finney, as adapted by Jonathan Duttweiler, emphasizes that true revival in America is desperately needed but currently absent. He critiques the superficial excitement and c
	The Danger of Losing Salvation by Charles Ewing Brown	Charles Ewing Brown preaches about the importance of finding a balance between timidity and self-confidence in the Christian faith. He emphasizes that the only way to keep from fal
	The Inability of All Duties to Save by Thomas Shepard	Thomas Shepard preaches about the insufficiency of relying on our own good deeds for salvation, emphasizing that even our best actions are tainted with sin and cannot save us. He w
	2 Timothy 1:13-18 by St. John Chrysostom	John Chrysostom emphasizes the importance of holding fast to sound words of faith and love received, urging believers to keep the good things committed to them by the Holy Spirit.