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Joshua 6:9

Joshua 6:9 in Multiple Translations

While the horns continued to sound, the armed troops marched ahead of the priests who blew the horns, and the rear guard followed the ark.

¶ And the armed men went before the priests that blew with the trumpets, and the rereward came after the ark, the priests going on, and blowing with the trumpets.

And the armed men went before the priests that blew the trumpets, and the rearward went after the ark, the priests blowing the trumpets as they went.

And the armed men went before the priests who were blowing the horns, and the mass of the people went after the ark, blowing their horns.

Some of the armed men marched ahead of the priests blowing the horns, while some followed the Ark, the horns being blown continually.

And the men of armes went before the Priestes, that blewe the trumpets: then the gathering hoste came after the Arke, as they went and blewe the trumpets.

and he who is armed is going before the priests blowing the trumpets, and he who is gathering up is going after the ark, going on and blowing with the trumpets;

The armed men went before the priests who blew the trumpets, and the ark went after them. The trumpets sounded as they went.

And the armed men went before the priests that blew with the trumpets, and the rear-guard came after the ark, the priests going on, and blowing with the trumpets.

And all the armed men went before, the rest of the common people followed the ark, and the sound of the trumpets was heard on all sides.

The group of soldiers carrying weapons marched in front of the priests who were blowing their trumpets, and the rest of the soldiers followed the four men carrying the chest. While they were all marching, the seven priests were blowing their trumpets.

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Berean Amplified Bible — Joshua 6:9

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Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Joshua 6:9 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB וְ/הֶ/חָל֣וּץ הֹלֵ֔ךְ לִ/פְנֵי֙ הַ/כֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים תקעו תֹּקְעֵ֖י הַ/שּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת וְ/הַֽ/מְאַסֵּ֗ף הֹלֵךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הָ/אָר֔וֹן הָל֖וֹךְ וְ/תָק֥וֹעַ בַּ/שּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת
וְ/הֶ/חָל֣וּץ châlats H2502 to rescue Conj | Art | V-Qal-Inf-c
הֹלֵ֔ךְ hâlak H1980 to go V-Qal
לִ/פְנֵי֙ pânîym H6440 face Prep | N-cp
הַ/כֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים kôhên H3548 priest Art | N-mp
תקעו tâqaʻ H8628 to blow V-Qal-Perf-3cp
תֹּקְעֵ֖י tâqaʻ H8628 to blow V-Qal
הַ/שּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת shôwphâr H7782 trumpet Art | N-mp
וְ/הַֽ/מְאַסֵּ֗ף ʼâçaph H622 to gather Conj | Art | V-Piel
הֹלֵךְ֙ hâlak H1980 to go V-Qal
אַחֲרֵ֣י ʼachar H310 after Prep
הָ/אָר֔וֹן ʼârôwn H727 ark Art | N-cs
הָל֖וֹךְ hâlak H1980 to go V-Qal-Ptc
וְ/תָק֥וֹעַ tâqaʻ H8628 to blow Conj | V-Qal-Ptc
בַּ/שּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת shôwphâr H7782 trumpet Prep | N-mp
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — Joshua 6:9

וְ/הֶ/חָל֣וּץ châlats H2502 "to rescue" Conj | Art | V-Qal-Inf-c
To arm or equip for war is the meaning of this verb, used to describe preparing for battle. It is translated as arm, deliver, or strengthen in the KJV Bible.
Definition: 1) to draw off or out, withdraw 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to draw, draw off 1a2) to withdraw 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be delivered 1b2) to be saved 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to pull out, tear out 1c2) to rescue, deliver, set free 1c3) to take away, plunder
Usage: Occurs in 44 OT verses. KJV: arm (self), (go, ready) armed ([idiom] man, soldier), deliver, draw out, make fat, loose, (ready) prepared, put off, take away, withdraw self. See also: Leviticus 14:40; 2 Chronicles 20:21; Psalms 6:5.
הֹלֵ֔ךְ hâlak H1980 "to go" V-Qal
Means to walk or go, used in many different contexts in the Bible. It can describe physical movement, but also spiritual or emotional journeys. Appears in various forms, such as 'to go' or 'to walk'.
Definition: : walk/move 1) to go, walk, come 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away 1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.) 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to walk 1b2) to walk (fig.) 1c) (Hithpael) 1c1) to traverse 1c2) to walk about 1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
Usage: Occurs in 473 OT verses. KJV: (all) along, apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant, depart, [phrase] be eased, enter, exercise (self), [phrase] follow, forth, forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on, out, up and down), [phrase] greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead, march, [idiom] more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away), be at the point, quite, run (along), [phrase] send, speedily, spread, still, surely, [phrase] tale-bearer, [phrase] travel(-ler), walk (abroad, on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax, (way-) faring man, [idiom] be weak, whirl. See also: Genesis 2:14; Judges 4:9; 1 Kings 13:12.
לִ/פְנֵי֙ pânîym H6440 "face" Prep | N-cp
This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.
Definition: : face 1) face 1a) face, faces 1b) presence, person 1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim) 1d) face (of animals) 1e) face, surface (of ground) 1f) as adv of loc/temp 1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before 1g) with prep 1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
Usage: Occurs in 1891 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 43:31; Exodus 30:16.
הַ/כֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים kôhên H3548 "priest" Art | N-mp
In the Bible, a priest is a person who serves God and leads others in worship, like the Levitical priests in Exodus. They were responsible for making sacrifices and following God's laws. This term is also used to describe Jesus as a priest-king.
Definition: 1) priest, principal officer or chief ruler 1a) priest-king (Melchizedek, Messiah) 1b) pagan priests 1c) priests of Jehovah 1d) Levitical priests 1e) Zadokite priests 1f) Aaronic priests 1g) the high priest Aramaic equivalent: ka.hen (כָּהֵן "priest" H3549)
Usage: Occurs in 653 OT verses. KJV: chief ruler, [idiom] own, priest, prince, principal officer. See also: Genesis 14:18; Leviticus 13:33; Numbers 17:2.
תקעו tâqaʻ H8628 "to blow" V-Qal-Perf-3cp
This word means to blow or strike something, like a trumpet or a nail. In the Bible, it is used to describe making a loud noise or driving something into place. The KJV translates it as blow, clap, or strike.
Definition: 1) to blow, clap, strike, sound, thrust, give a blow, blast 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to thrust, drive (of weapon) 1a2) to give a blast, give a blow 1a3) to strike or clap hands 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be blown, blast (of horn) 1b2) to strike or pledge oneself
Usage: Occurs in 62 OT verses. KJV: blow (a trumpet), cast, clap, fasten, pitch (tent), smite, sound, strike, [idiom] suretiship, thrust. See also: Genesis 31:25; 1 Kings 1:34; Psalms 47:2.
תֹּקְעֵ֖י tâqaʻ H8628 "to blow" V-Qal
This word means to blow or strike something, like a trumpet or a nail. In the Bible, it is used to describe making a loud noise or driving something into place. The KJV translates it as blow, clap, or strike.
Definition: 1) to blow, clap, strike, sound, thrust, give a blow, blast 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to thrust, drive (of weapon) 1a2) to give a blast, give a blow 1a3) to strike or clap hands 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be blown, blast (of horn) 1b2) to strike or pledge oneself
Usage: Occurs in 62 OT verses. KJV: blow (a trumpet), cast, clap, fasten, pitch (tent), smite, sound, strike, [idiom] suretiship, thrust. See also: Genesis 31:25; 1 Kings 1:34; Psalms 47:2.
הַ/שּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת shôwphâr H7782 "trumpet" Art | N-mp
This Hebrew word refers to a trumpet or cornet, often made from a ram's horn. It was used in the Bible to signal important events or to sound an alarm, and is still used today in some Jewish traditions.
Definition: horn, ram's horn
Usage: Occurs in 63 OT verses. KJV: cornet, trumpet. See also: Exodus 19:16; 1 Chronicles 15:28; Psalms 47:6.
וְ/הַֽ/מְאַסֵּ֗ף ʼâçaph H622 "to gather" Conj | Art | V-Piel
To gather means to bring people or things together, often for a purpose like worship or community. It can also mean to take away or remove something, like gathering a harvest. This word appears in books like Genesis and Psalms.
Definition: 1) to gather, receive, remove, gather in 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to gather, collect 1a2) to gather (an individual into company of others) 1a3) to bring up the rear 1a4) to gather and take away, remove, withdraw 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to assemble, be gathered 1b2) (pass of Qal 1a2) 1b2a) to be gathered to one's fathers 1b2b) to be brought in or into (association with others) 1b3) (pass of Qal 1a4) 1b3a) to be taken away, removed, perish 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to gather (harvest) 1c2) to take in, receive into 1c3) rearguard, rearward (subst) 1d) (Pual) to be gathered 1e) (Hithpael) to gather oneself or themselves
Usage: Occurs in 188 OT verses. KJV: assemble, bring, consume, destroy, felch, gather (in, together, up again), [idiom] generally, get (him), lose, put all together, receive, recover (another from leprosy), (be) rereward, [idiom] surely, take (away, into, up), [idiom] utterly, withdraw. See also: Genesis 6:21; 1 Chronicles 11:13; Psalms 26:9.
הֹלֵךְ֙ hâlak H1980 "to go" V-Qal
Means to walk or go, used in many different contexts in the Bible. It can describe physical movement, but also spiritual or emotional journeys. Appears in various forms, such as 'to go' or 'to walk'.
Definition: : walk/move 1) to go, walk, come 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away 1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.) 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to walk 1b2) to walk (fig.) 1c) (Hithpael) 1c1) to traverse 1c2) to walk about 1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
Usage: Occurs in 473 OT verses. KJV: (all) along, apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant, depart, [phrase] be eased, enter, exercise (self), [phrase] follow, forth, forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on, out, up and down), [phrase] greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead, march, [idiom] more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away), be at the point, quite, run (along), [phrase] send, speedily, spread, still, surely, [phrase] tale-bearer, [phrase] travel(-ler), walk (abroad, on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax, (way-) faring man, [idiom] be weak, whirl. See also: Genesis 2:14; Judges 4:9; 1 Kings 13:12.
אַחֲרֵ֣י ʼachar H310 "after" Prep
Achar means backwards or after, used to describe something that happens later or in the rear. It is used in various senses in the Bible, including in 1 Kings 12:18.
Definition: 1) after the following part, behind (of place), hinder, afterwards (of time) 1a) as an adverb 1a1) behind (of place) 1a2) afterwards (of time) 1b) as a preposition 1b1) behind, after (of place) 1b2) after (of time) 1b3) besides 1c) as a conjunction 1c) after that 1d) as a substantive 1d1) hinder part 1e) with other prepositions 1e1) from behind 1e2) from following after
Usage: Occurs in 664 OT verses. KJV: after (that, -ward), again, at, away from, back (from, -side), behind, beside, by, follow (after, -ing), forasmuch, from, hereafter, hinder end, [phrase] out (over) live, [phrase] persecute, posterity, pursuing, remnant, seeing, since, thence(-forth), when, with. See also: Genesis 5:4; Exodus 18:2; Joshua 8:14.
הָ/אָר֔וֹן ʼârôwn H727 "ark" Art | N-cs
The Hebrew word for a box or chest, like the Ark of the Covenant in Exodus 25:10-22. It can also mean a money chest or a coffin. In the Bible, it appears in stories about the Israelites and their sacred objects.
Definition: 1) chest, ark 1a) money chest 1b) Ark of the Covenant 2)(TWOT) coffin
Usage: Occurs in 174 OT verses. KJV: ark, chest, coffin. See also: Genesis 50:26; 1 Samuel 6:15; Psalms 132:8.
הָל֖וֹךְ hâlak H1980 "to go" V-Qal-Ptc
Means to walk or go, used in many different contexts in the Bible. It can describe physical movement, but also spiritual or emotional journeys. Appears in various forms, such as 'to go' or 'to walk'.
Definition: : walk/move 1) to go, walk, come 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away 1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.) 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to walk 1b2) to walk (fig.) 1c) (Hithpael) 1c1) to traverse 1c2) to walk about 1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
Usage: Occurs in 473 OT verses. KJV: (all) along, apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant, depart, [phrase] be eased, enter, exercise (self), [phrase] follow, forth, forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on, out, up and down), [phrase] greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead, march, [idiom] more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away), be at the point, quite, run (along), [phrase] send, speedily, spread, still, surely, [phrase] tale-bearer, [phrase] travel(-ler), walk (abroad, on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax, (way-) faring man, [idiom] be weak, whirl. See also: Genesis 2:14; Judges 4:9; 1 Kings 13:12.
וְ/תָק֥וֹעַ tâqaʻ H8628 "to blow" Conj | V-Qal-Ptc
This word means to blow or strike something, like a trumpet or a nail. In the Bible, it is used to describe making a loud noise or driving something into place. The KJV translates it as blow, clap, or strike.
Definition: 1) to blow, clap, strike, sound, thrust, give a blow, blast 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to thrust, drive (of weapon) 1a2) to give a blast, give a blow 1a3) to strike or clap hands 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be blown, blast (of horn) 1b2) to strike or pledge oneself
Usage: Occurs in 62 OT verses. KJV: blow (a trumpet), cast, clap, fasten, pitch (tent), smite, sound, strike, [idiom] suretiship, thrust. See also: Genesis 31:25; 1 Kings 1:34; Psalms 47:2.
בַּ/שּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת shôwphâr H7782 "trumpet" Prep | N-mp
This Hebrew word refers to a trumpet or cornet, often made from a ram's horn. It was used in the Bible to signal important events or to sound an alarm, and is still used today in some Jewish traditions.
Definition: horn, ram's horn
Usage: Occurs in 63 OT verses. KJV: cornet, trumpet. See also: Exodus 19:16; 1 Chronicles 15:28; Psalms 47:6.

Study Notes — Joshua 6:9

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 Joshua 6:13 And the seven priests carrying seven rams’ horns kept marching ahead of the ark of the LORD and blowing the horns. The armed troops went in front of them and the rear guard followed the ark of the LORD, while the horns kept sounding.
2 Numbers 10:25 Finally, the divisions of the camp of Dan set out under their standard, serving as the rear guard for all units, with Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai in command.
3 Isaiah 58:8 Then your light will break forth like the dawn, and your healing will come quickly. Your righteousness will go before you, and the glory of the LORD will be your rear guard.
4 Isaiah 52:11–12 Depart, depart, go out from there! Touch no unclean thing; come out from it, purify yourselves, you who carry the vessels of the LORD. For you will not leave in a hurry nor flee in haste, for the LORD goes before you, and the God of Israel is your rear guard.

Joshua 6:9 Summary

In Joshua 6:9, we see the Israelites marching around the city of Jericho with the armed troops ahead of the priests and the rear guard following the ark, trusting in God's presence and protection. This verse reminds us that, as believers, we are called to trust in God's power and presence, just like the Israelites did, and to trust that He will overcome any obstacle, as seen in Romans 8:37. We can apply this lesson to our lives by trusting in God's presence and protection, and by declaring our trust in His power through our words and actions, as seen in Psalm 98:6. By doing so, we can, like the Israelites, experience God's power and presence in our lives, and trust that He will lead us to victory, as stated in 2 Corinthians 2:14.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why were the armed troops marching ahead of the priests in Joshua 6:9?

The armed troops were marching ahead of the priests to provide protection and to prepare for battle, as seen in Joshua 6:7, where they are told to advance and march around the city ahead of the ark of the LORD, and also in Deuteronomy 31:6, which reminds us that God is with us and will not leave us, giving us courage in the face of uncertainty.

What is the significance of the rear guard following the ark in Joshua 6:9?

The rear guard following the ark signifies that God is the rear guard of His people, as stated in Isaiah 52:12 and 58:8, protecting them from any attack from behind, and this formation also symbolizes the people's trust in God's presence and protection, as seen in Exodus 14:19-20 where the angel of God and the pillar of cloud moved to the rear of the Israelites to protect them from the Egyptians.

Why were the horns continuing to sound in Joshua 6:9?

The horns continued to sound as a declaration of war and a call to God for help, as seen in Numbers 10:9, where the Israelites are instructed to sound the trumpets in times of war, and also as a symbol of the people's faith and trust in God's power and presence, as stated in Psalm 98:6, where we are told to sound the horn and sing praise to God.

How does Joshua 6:9 relate to our lives as believers today?

Joshua 6:9 reminds us that, as believers, we are called to trust in God's presence and protection, just like the Israelites did, and to trust in His power to overcome any obstacle, as seen in Romans 8:37, where we are told that we are more than conquerors through Christ, and also in 2 Corinthians 2:14, where we are reminded that God always leads us in triumphal procession in Christ.

Reflection Questions

  1. What are some areas in my life where I need to trust in God's presence and protection, and how can I apply the lesson of Joshua 6:9 to those areas?
  2. How can I, like the Israelites, declare my trust in God's power and presence through my words and actions, as seen in Joshua 6:9 and Psalm 98:6?
  3. What are some 'battles' I am facing in my life right now, and how can I, like the Israelites, trust in God's power to overcome them, as stated in Romans 8:37 and 2 Corinthians 2:14?
  4. In what ways can I, like the rear guard following the ark, trust in God's protection and provision in my life, and how can I demonstrate that trust to others, as seen in Isaiah 52:12 and 58:8?

Gill's Exposition on Joshua 6:9

And the armed men went before the priests that blew with the trumpets,.... Whom Jarchi, Kimchi, and Abarbinel, interpret of Reuben and Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh; that is, as many of them as

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Joshua 6:9

And the armed men went before the priests that blew with the trumpets, and the rereward came after the ark, the priests going on, and blowing with the trumpets.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on Joshua 6:9

The rereward being opposed to the armed men, may seem to note the unarmed people, who were desirous to be spectators of this wonderful work. The priests; which is rightly supplied here from .

Trapp's Commentary on Joshua 6:9

Joshua 6:9 And the armed men went before the priests that blew with the trumpets, and the rereward came after the ark, [the priests] going on, and blowing with the trumpets.Ver. 9. And the rereward came after the ark.] Heb., The gathering host, that in their march through the wilderness was wont to arise at the fourth alarm, and their charge was to look that nothing was left behind.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on Joshua 6:9

Verse 9. The rereward came after the ark] The word מאסף measseph, from אסף asaph, to collect or gather up, may signify either the rereward, as our translation understands it, or the people who carried the baggage of the army; for on the seventh day this was necessary, as much fighting might be naturally expected in the assault, and they would need a supply of arms, darts, &c., as well as conveniences for those who might happen to be wounded: or the persons here intended might be such as carried the sacred articles belonging to the ark, or merely such people as might follow in the procession, without observing any particular order. The Jews think the division of Dan is meant, which always brought up the rear. See Numbers 10:25.

Cambridge Bible on Joshua 6:9

9. the rereward] The remaining warriors were to act as a rearguard. During the march through the wilderness this duty devolved on the tribe of Dan (see Numbers 10:25). “Rereward” means the “rearguard” of an army; guard and ward being related as guise and wise, Fr. guerre, and E. war. It is a corruption of the Fr. arrière-garde, as vanguard for avant-garde; or rather the first part of the word is formed from the O. Fr. riere (Lat. retro). Comp. 1 Samuel 29:2, “but David and his men passed on in the rereward with Achish;” Isaiah 52:12, “the God of Israel will be your rereward;” Isaiah 58:8, “the glory of the Lord shall be thy rereward;” Shakespeare, É.Hen. 6. 3. 3, “Now in the rearward comes the duke, and his;” Rom. and Jul. 3.2, “But with a rearward following Tybalt’s death, Romeo is banished.”

Whedon's Commentary on Joshua 6:9

9. The rearward — Margin, the gathering host; that part of the army which occupies the last place on the march, protecting the front columns, and gathering up the faint and sick.

Sermons on Joshua 6:9

SermonDescription
Paris Reidhead Let God Be God by Paris Reidhead In this sermon, the speaker shares a profound statement he encountered in Nigeria. The statement, inscribed on a fisherman's boat, consists of four words that hold the secret to vi
Roy Hession The Ark of the Covenant: Around Jericho Part Iii by Roy Hession In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of cooperating with God's instructions, even when they seem feeble or unlikely to bring about victory. He uses the story of Jo
Ed Miller (Angel of the Lord) 03 - Joshua by Ed Miller In this sermon, the preacher discusses a passage from the book of Joshua where Joshua encounters a man with a drawn sword. Joshua asks if the man is on their side or the enemy's si
Jim Cymbala Don't Have a Worthless Religion by Jim Cymbala In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of reaching out and helping others. He uses the analogy of being like a well-watered garden, emphasizing that when we give an
Zac Poonen A Man of Discipline by Zac Poonen In this sermon, the preacher discusses the concept of fasting and the type of fast that God desires. He emphasizes that God is not pleased with a fast that is only outwardly observ
Alan Martin Walking in Lowliness by Alan Martin In this sermon, the preacher addresses the issue of speaking both blessings and curses from the same mouth. He emphasizes that this should not be the case, as a spring cannot produ
Tim Conway O Church Arise! by Tim Conway In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the urgency of working for the Lord while there is still time. He shares a personal experience of attending his class reunion and realizing

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