Psalms 69:24
Psalms 69:24 in Multiple Translations
Pour out Your wrath upon them, and let Your burning anger overtake them.
Pour out thine indignation upon them, and let thy wrathful anger take hold of them.
Pour out thine indignation upon them, And let the fierceness of thine anger overtake them.
Let your curse come on them; let the heat of your wrath overtake them.
Pour out your judgment on them; chase them down in your fierce anger.
Powre out thine anger vpon them, and let thy wrathfull displeasure take them.
Pour upon them Thine indignation, And the fierceness of Thine anger doth seize them.
Pour out your indignation on them. Let the fierceness of your anger overtake them.
Pour out thy indignation upon them, and let thy wrathful anger take hold of them.
Show them that you are very angry with them! Because of your great/furious anger, chase after them and catch them.
Berean Amplified Bible — Psalms 69:24
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Psalms 69:24 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
תֶּחְשַׁ֣כְנָה
עֵ֭ינֵי/הֶם
מֵ/רְא֑וֹת
וּ֝/מָתְנֵ֗י/הֶם
תָּמִ֥יד
הַמְעַֽד
תֶּחְשַׁ֣כְנָה
châshak
H2821
to darken
V-Qal-Imperf-3fp
עֵ֭ינֵי/הֶם
ʻayin
H5869
eye
N-cd | Suff
מֵ/רְא֑וֹת
râʼâh
H7200
Provider
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
וּ֝/מָתְנֵ֗י/הֶם
môthen
H4975
loin
Conj | N-md | Suff
תָּמִ֥יד
tâmîyd
H8548
continually
N-ms
הַמְעַֽד
mâʻad
H4571
to slip
V-Hiphil-Impv-2ms
Hebrew Word Study
Select any word above to explore its original meaning, root, and usage across Scripture.
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Hebrew Word Reference — Psalms 69:24
תֶּחְשַׁ֣כְנָה
châshak
H2821
"to darken"
V-Qal-Imperf-3fp
This word means to darken or become dark. It can also mean to hide or conceal something. In the Bible, it is used to describe a lack of light or understanding.
Definition: 1) to be or become dark, grow dim, be darkened, be black, be hidden 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to be or grow dark 1a2) to have a dark colour 1a3) to grow dim 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to make dark, cause to be dark 1b2) to hide, conceal 1b3) to obscure, confuse (fig.)
Usage: Occurs in 18 OT verses. KJV: be black, be (make) dark, darken, cause darkness, be dim, hide. See also: Exodus 10:15; Isaiah 5:30; Psalms 69:24.
עֵ֭ינֵי/הֶם
ʻayin
H5869
"eye"
N-cd | Suff
This word can mean a spring or fountain, but also refers to the eye or a source of something. It is often translated as affliction, outward appearance, or countenance, and is used in various contexts throughout the Bible.
Definition: : eye 1) eye 1a) eye 1a1) of physical eye 1a2) as showing mental qualities 1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
Usage: Occurs in 828 OT verses. KJV: affliction, outward appearance, [phrase] before, [phrase] think best, colour, conceit, [phrase] be content, countenance, [phrase] displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, [phrase] favour, fountain, furrow (from the margin), [idiom] him, [phrase] humble, knowledge, look, ([phrase] well), [idiom] me, open(-ly), [phrase] (not) please, presence, [phrase] regard, resemblance, sight, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them, [phrase] think, [idiom] us, well, [idiom] you(-rselves). See also: Genesis 3:5; Exodus 34:9; Deuteronomy 28:67.
מֵ/רְא֑וֹת
râʼâh
H7200
"Provider"
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
The Hebrew word for provider means to see or look after, and is used to describe God's care for his people. It appears in various forms throughout the Bible, including in Genesis and other books.
Definition: (Lord will) Provide, cause to be seen. This name means to see, look at, inspect, look after
Usage: Occurs in 1206 OT verses. KJV: advise self, appear, approve, behold, [idiom] certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have experience, gaze, take heed, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] joyfully, lo, look (on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up, upon), mark, meet, [idiom] be near, perceive, present, provide, regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one another), shew (self), [idiom] sight of others, (e-) spy, stare, [idiom] surely, [idiom] think, view, visions. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 41:41; Exodus 33:13.
וּ֝/מָתְנֵ֗י/הֶם
môthen
H4975
"loin"
Conj | N-md | Suff
Refers to the waist or small of the back, often translated as loins or hips, as seen in Proverbs 30:31. It can also describe the sides of an animal. The word is only used in plural form.
Definition: 1) loins, hips 1a) used with zar.zir (זַרְזִיר "greyhound" H2223) in Pr 30:31; perhaps an extinct animal, exact meaning unknown
Usage: Occurs in 45 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] greyhound, loins, side. See also: Genesis 37:34; Isaiah 20:2; Psalms 66:11.
תָּמִ֥יד
tâmîyd
H8548
"continually"
N-ms
This Hebrew word means continually or constantly, like the daily sacrifice in the Bible. It describes something that happens regularly, like every day. It is used in books like Leviticus and Numbers to describe regular offerings.
Definition: 1) continuity, perpetuity, to stretch 1a) continually, continuously (as adverb) 1b) continuity (subst)
Usage: Occurs in 103 OT verses. KJV: alway(-s), continual (employment, -ly), daily, (n-)ever(-more), perpetual. See also: Exodus 25:30; Nehemiah 10:34; Psalms 16:8.
הַמְעַֽד
mâʻad
H4571
"to slip"
V-Hiphil-Impv-2ms
To slip or waver is the meaning of this verb, which can also mean to cause something to shake. It is used in various forms throughout the Bible. In KJV translations, it is rendered as make to shake or slide.
Definition: 1) to slip, slide, totter, shake 1a) (Qal) to slip 1b) (Hiphil) to cause or make to shake or totter
Usage: Occurs in 6 OT verses. KJV: make to shake, slide, slip. See also: 2 Samuel 22:37; Psalms 26:1; Psalms 18:37.
Study Notes — Psalms 69:24
Show Verse Quote Highlights
- Context
- Cross References
- Psalms 69:24 Summary
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Reflection Questions
- Gill's Exposition on Psalms 69:24
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Psalms 69:24
- Matthew Poole's Commentary on Psalms 69:24
- Trapp's Commentary on Psalms 69:24
- Cambridge Bible on Psalms 69:24
- Barnes' Notes on Psalms 69:24
- Sermons on Psalms 69:24
Context — The Waters Are up to My Neck
22May their table become a snare; may it be a retribution and a trap.
23May their eyes be darkened so they cannot see, and their backs be bent forever.
24Pour out Your wrath upon them, and let Your burning anger overtake them.
25May their place be deserted; let there be no one to dwell in their tents. 26For they persecute the one You struck and recount the pain of those You wounded.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalms 79:6 | Pour out Your wrath on the nations that do not acknowledge You, on the kingdoms that refuse to call on Your name, |
| 2 | Hosea 5:10 | The princes of Judah are like those who move boundary stones; I will pour out My fury upon them like water. |
| 3 | Exodus 15:15 | Then the chiefs of Edom will be dismayed; trembling will seize the leaders of Moab; those who dwell in Canaan will melt away, |
| 4 | Deuteronomy 32:20–26 | He said: “I will hide My face from them; I will see what will be their end. For they are a perverse generation— children of unfaithfulness. They have provoked My jealousy by that which is not God; they have enraged Me with their worthless idols. So I will make them jealous by those who are not a people; I will make them angry by a nation without understanding. For a fire has been kindled by My anger, and it burns to the depths of Sheol; it consumes the earth and its produce, and scorches the foundations of the mountains. I will heap disasters upon them; I will spend My arrows against them. They will be wasted from hunger and ravaged by pestilence and bitter plague; I will send the fangs of wild beasts against them, with the venom of vipers that slither in the dust. Outside, the sword will take their children, and inside, terror will strike the young man and the young woman, the infant and the gray-haired man. I would have said that I would cut them to pieces and blot out their memory from mankind, |
| 5 | Isaiah 13:8 | Terror, pain, and anguish will seize them; they will writhe like a woman in labor. They will look at one another, their faces flushed with fear. |
| 6 | Deuteronomy 29:18–28 | Make sure there is no man or woman, clan or tribe among you today whose heart turns away from the LORD our God to go and worship the gods of those nations. Make sure there is no root among you that bears such poisonous and bitter fruit, because when such a person hears the words of this oath, he invokes a blessing on himself, saying, ‘I will have peace, even though I walk in the stubbornness of my own heart.’ This will bring disaster on the watered land as well as the dry. The LORD will never be willing to forgive him. Instead, His anger and jealousy will burn against that man, and every curse written in this book will fall upon him. The LORD will blot out his name from under heaven and single him out from all the tribes of Israel for disaster, according to all the curses of the covenant written in this Book of the Law. Then the generation to come—your sons who follow you and the foreigner who comes from a distant land—will see the plagues of the land and the sicknesses the LORD has inflicted on it. All its soil will be a burning waste of sulfur and salt, unsown and unproductive, with no plant growing on it, just like the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim, which the LORD overthrew in His fierce anger. So all the nations will ask, ‘Why has the LORD done such a thing to this land? Why this great outburst of anger?’ And the people will answer, ‘It is because they abandoned the covenant of the LORD, the God of their fathers, which He made with them when He brought them out of the land of Egypt. They went and served other gods, and they worshiped gods they had not known—gods that the LORD had not given to them. Therefore the anger of the LORD burned against this land, and He brought upon it every curse written in this book. The LORD uprooted them from their land in His anger, rage, and great wrath, and He cast them into another land, where they are today.’ |
| 7 | Leviticus 26:14–46 | If, however, you fail to obey Me and to carry out all these commandments, and if you reject My statutes, despise My ordinances, and neglect to carry out all My commandments, and so break My covenant, then this is what I will do to you: I will bring upon you sudden terror, wasting disease, and fever that will destroy your sight and drain your life. You will sow your seed in vain, because your enemies will eat it. And I will set My face against you, so that you will be defeated by your enemies. Those who hate you will rule over you, and you will flee when no one pursues you. And if after all this you will not obey Me, I will proceed to punish you sevenfold for your sins. I will break down your stubborn pride and make your sky like iron and your land like bronze, and your strength will be spent in vain. For your land will not yield its produce, and the trees of the land will not bear their fruit. If you walk in hostility toward Me and refuse to obey Me, I will multiply your plagues seven times, according to your sins. I will send wild animals against you to rob you of your children, destroy your livestock, and reduce your numbers, until your roads lie desolate. And if in spite of these things you do not accept My discipline, but continue to walk in hostility toward Me, then I will act with hostility toward you, and I will strike you sevenfold for your sins. And I will bring a sword against you to execute the vengeance of the covenant. Though you withdraw into your cities, I will send a plague among you, and you will be delivered into the hand of the enemy. When I cut off your supply of bread, ten women will bake your bread in a single oven and dole out your bread by weight, so that you will eat but not be satisfied. But if in spite of all this you do not obey Me, but continue to walk in hostility toward Me, then I will walk in fury against you, and I, even I, will punish you sevenfold for your sins. You will eat the flesh of your own sons and daughters. I will destroy your high places, cut down your incense altars, and heap your lifeless bodies on the lifeless remains of your idols; and My soul will despise you. I will reduce your cities to rubble and lay waste your sanctuaries, and I will refuse to smell the pleasing aroma of your sacrifices. And I will lay waste the land, so that your enemies who dwell in it will be appalled. But I will scatter you among the nations and will draw out a sword after you as your land becomes desolate and your cities are laid waste. Then the land shall enjoy its Sabbaths all the days it lies desolate, while you are in the land of your enemies. At that time the land will rest and enjoy its Sabbaths. As long as it lies desolate, the land will have the rest it did not receive during the Sabbaths when you lived in it. As for those of you who survive, I will send a faintness into their hearts in the lands of their enemies, so that even the sound of a windblown leaf will put them to flight. And they will flee as one flees the sword, and fall when no one pursues them. They will stumble over one another as before the sword, though no one is behind them. So you will not be able to stand against your enemies. You will perish among the nations, and the land of your enemies will consume you. Those of you who survive in the lands of your enemies will waste away in their iniquity and will decay in the sins of their fathers. But if they will confess their iniquity and that of their fathers in the unfaithfulness that they practiced against Me, by which they have also walked in hostility toward Me— and I acted with hostility toward them and brought them into the land of their enemies—and if their uncircumcised hearts will be humbled and they will make amends for their iniquity, then I will remember My covenant with Jacob and My covenant with Isaac and My covenant with Abraham, and I will remember the land. For the land will be abandoned by them, and it will enjoy its Sabbaths by lying desolate without them. And they will pay the penalty for their iniquity, because they rejected My ordinances and abhorred My statutes. Yet in spite of this, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not reject or despise them so as to destroy them and break My covenant with them; for I am the LORD their God. But for their sake I will remember the covenant with their fathers, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt in the sight of the nations, that I might be their God. I am the LORD.” These are the statutes, ordinances, and laws that the LORD established between Himself and the Israelites through Moses on Mount Sinai. |
| 8 | Deuteronomy 31:17 | On that day My anger will burn against them, and I will abandon them and hide My face from them, so that they will be consumed, and many troubles and afflictions will befall them. On that day they will say, ‘Have not these disasters come upon us because our God is no longer with us?’ |
| 9 | Luke 21:22 | For these are the days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written. |
| 10 | Deuteronomy 28:15–68 | If, however, you do not obey the LORD your God by carefully following all His commandments and statutes I am giving you today, all these curses will come upon you and overtake you: You will be cursed in the city and cursed in the country. Your basket and kneading bowl will be cursed. The fruit of your womb will be cursed, as well as the produce of your land, the calves of your herds, and the lambs of your flocks. You will be cursed when you come in and cursed when you go out. The LORD will send curses upon you, confusion and reproof in all to which you put your hand, until you are destroyed and quickly perish because of the wickedness you have committed in forsaking Him. The LORD will make the plague cling to you until He has exterminated you from the land that you are entering to possess. The LORD will strike you with wasting disease, with fever and inflammation, with scorching heat and drought, and with blight and mildew; these will pursue you until you perish. The sky over your head will be bronze, and the earth beneath you iron. The LORD will turn the rain of your land into dust and powder; it will descend on you from the sky until you are destroyed. The LORD will cause you to be defeated before your enemies. You will march out against them in one direction but flee from them in seven. You will be an object of horror to all the kingdoms of the earth. Your corpses will be food for all the birds of the air and beasts of the earth, with no one to scare them away. The LORD will afflict you with the boils of Egypt, with tumors and scabs and itch from which you cannot be cured. The LORD will afflict you with madness, blindness, and confusion of mind, and at noon you will grope about like a blind man in the darkness. You will not prosper in your ways. Day after day you will be oppressed and plundered, with no one to save you. You will be pledged in marriage to a woman, but another man will violate her. You will build a house but will not live in it. You will plant a vineyard but will not enjoy its fruit. Your ox will be slaughtered before your eyes, but you will not eat any of it. Your donkey will be taken away and not returned to you. Your flock will be given to your enemies, and no one will save you. Your sons and daughters will be given to another nation, while your eyes grow weary looking for them day after day, with no power in your hand. A people you do not know will eat the produce of your land and of all your toil. All your days you will be oppressed and crushed. You will be driven mad by the sights you see. The LORD will afflict you with painful, incurable boils on your knees and thighs, from the soles of your feet to the top of your head. The LORD will bring you and the king you appoint to a nation neither you nor your fathers have known, and there you will worship other gods—gods of wood and stone. You will become an object of horror, scorn, and ridicule among all the nations to which the LORD will drive you. You will sow much seed in the field but harvest little, because the locusts will consume it. You will plant and cultivate vineyards, but will neither drink the wine nor gather the grapes, because worms will eat them. You will have olive trees throughout your territory but will never anoint yourself with oil, because the olives will drop off. You will father sons and daughters, but they will not remain yours, because they will go into captivity. Swarms of locusts will consume all your trees and the produce of your land. The foreigner living among you will rise higher and higher above you, while you sink down lower and lower. He will lend to you, but you will not lend to him. He will be the head, and you will be the tail. All these curses will come upon you. They will pursue you and overtake you until you are destroyed, since you did not obey the LORD your God and keep the commandments and statutes He gave you. These curses will be a sign and a wonder upon you and your descendants forever. Because you did not serve the LORD your God with joy and gladness of heart in all your abundance, you will serve your enemies the LORD will send against you in famine, thirst, nakedness, and destitution. He will place an iron yoke on your neck until He has destroyed you. The LORD will bring a nation from afar, from the ends of the earth, to swoop down upon you like an eagle—a nation whose language you will not understand, a ruthless nation with no respect for the old and no pity for the young. They will eat the offspring of your livestock and the produce of your land until you are destroyed. They will leave you no grain or new wine or oil, no calves of your herds or lambs of your flocks, until they have caused you to perish. They will besiege all the cities throughout your land, until the high and fortified walls in which you trust have fallen. They will besiege all your cities throughout the land that the LORD your God has given you. Then you will eat the fruit of your womb, the flesh of the sons and daughters whom the LORD your God has given you, in the siege and distress that your enemy will inflict on you. The most gentle and refined man among you will begrudge his brother, the wife he embraces, and the rest of his children who have survived, refusing to share with any of them the flesh of his children he will eat because he has nothing left in the siege and distress that your enemy will inflict on you within all your gates. The most gentle and refined woman among you, so gentle and refined she would not venture to set the sole of her foot on the ground, will begrudge the husband she embraces and her son and daughter the afterbirth that comes from between her legs and the children she bears, because she will secretly eat them for lack of anything else in the siege and distress that your enemy will inflict on you within your gates. If you are not careful to observe all the words of this law which are written in this book, that you may fear this glorious and awesome name—the LORD your God— He will bring upon you and your descendants extraordinary disasters, severe and lasting plagues, and terrible and chronic sicknesses. He will afflict you again with all the diseases you dreaded in Egypt, and they will cling to you. The LORD will also bring upon you every sickness and plague not recorded in this Book of the Law, until you are destroyed. You who were as numerous as the stars in the sky will be left few in number, because you would not obey the voice of the LORD your God. Just as it pleased the LORD to make you prosper and multiply, so also it will please Him to annihilate you and destroy you. And you will be uprooted from the land you are entering to possess. Then the LORD will scatter you among all the nations, from one end of the earth to the other, and there you will worship other gods, gods of wood and stone, which neither you nor your fathers have known. Among those nations you will find no repose, not even a resting place for the sole of your foot. There the LORD will give you a trembling heart, failing eyes, and a despairing soul. So your life will hang in doubt before you, and you will be afraid night and day, never certain of survival. In the morning you will say, ‘If only it were evening!’ and in the evening you will say, ‘If only it were morning!’—because of the dread in your hearts of the terrifying sights you will see. The LORD will return you to Egypt in ships by a route that I said you should never see again. There you will sell yourselves to your enemies as male and female slaves, but no one will buy you.” |
Psalms 69:24 Summary
Psalms 69:24 is a prayer for God to pour out His wrath on those who have persecuted the psalmist, and it shows us that God is a just God who will ultimately judge all people, as seen in Revelation 20:12-15. The psalmist is trusting in God's sovereignty and justice, and we can learn to do the same, even when we face difficult circumstances, as seen in 1 Peter 2:20-21. We can also learn to pray for our enemies, as Jesus taught in Matthew 5:44, and trust in God's goodness and justice, as seen in Romans 8:28. By trusting in God's goodness and justice, we can have peace and confidence, even in the midst of hardship, as seen in Isaiah 26:3-4.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the context of Psalms 69:24 and why is the psalmist asking God to pour out His wrath?
The psalmist is praying for God's judgment on his enemies who have persecuted him, as seen in Psalms 69:26, and is asking God to pour out His wrath upon them, similar to Psalms 79:6-7 where God is asked to pour out His wrath on the nations that do not know Him.
Is it right for Christians to pray for God's wrath to be poured out on others?
While it may seem counterintuitive to pray for God's wrath, the Bible teaches that God is a just God who will ultimately judge all people, as seen in Revelation 20:12-15, and that we should trust in His sovereignty and justice, as seen in Romans 12:19.
How does Psalms 69:24 relate to Jesus Christ?
Psalms 69 is a messianic psalm, and many of its verses, including Psalms 69:21, are quoted in the New Testament as being fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who was persecuted and mistreated by those who did not know God, as seen in John 15:25.
What can we learn from the psalmist's attitude towards his enemies in Psalms 69:24?
The psalmist's attitude towards his enemies is one of trust in God's justice and sovereignty, as seen in Psalms 37:1-7, and we can learn to trust in God's goodness and justice, even in the face of persecution or hardship, as seen in 1 Peter 2:20-21.
Reflection Questions
- What are some ways that I have seen God's wrath poured out in the world, and how has it affected my life and my relationship with Him?
- How can I trust in God's sovereignty and justice when I see evil people prospering, as seen in Psalms 73:3-12?
- What are some ways that I can pray for my enemies, as Jesus taught in Matthew 5:44, and how can I show them love and kindness, as seen in Luke 6:27-31?
- How can I apply the principles of Psalms 69:24 to my own life, and what are some ways that I can trust in God's goodness and justice, even in difficult circumstances, as seen in Habakkuk 3:17-19?
Gill's Exposition on Psalms 69:24
Pour out thine indignation upon them,.... Not a few drops of it only, but a flood of it, sweeping away and bearing down all before it; which was done when wrath came upon them to the uttermost, in
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Psalms 69:24
Pour out thine indignation upon them, and let thy wrathful anger take hold of them. No JFB commentary on this verse.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Psalms 69:24
In such other ways and judgments as thou shalt think fit.
Trapp's Commentary on Psalms 69:24
Psalms 69:24 Pour out thine indignation upon them, and let thy wrathful anger take hold of them.Ver. 24. Pour out thine indignation upon them] By indignation, saith Basil, we are to understand speedy vengeance; by wrath, durable. This is befallen the nation of the Jews to the utmost, 1 Thessalonians 2:14-16, or to the end, as some render it.
Cambridge Bible on Psalms 69:24
24. Cp. Psalms 79:6; Jeremiah 10:25. and let &c.] R.V., and let the fierceness of thine anger overtake them.
Barnes' Notes on Psalms 69:24
Pour out thine indignation upon them - That is, Punish them for their sins; or, do justice to them. And let thy wrathful anger - literally, “the burning of thy wrath;” glow of anger; burning wrath.
Sermons on Psalms 69:24
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
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Week of Meetings 06 Christ the Nazarene by David Clifford | In this sermon, the preacher begins by discussing the importance of working together in pairs, as exemplified by Jesus sending out his disciples two by two. He then goes on to desc |
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God's Chosen People Have Forgotten Him by Bob Jones III | In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of remembering and acknowledging God in our lives. He warns against becoming complacent and forgetting the source of our bless |
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Eternal Hell (1 of 2) by Art Katz | In this sermon transcript, the speaker expresses his frustration with the lack of preaching on the judgment of God and the impending return of Jesus as a judge. He longs for the re |
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Time to Travail by Ralph Sexton | In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the urgency for believers to recognize the gravity of their mission. He compares the experience of a woman in labor, facing fear and pain, t |
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Bitterness by Harold E. Schmul | In this sermon, the preacher begins by expressing his dissatisfaction with a fellow believer whom he considers a compromiser and a danger to their movement. He then discusses the d |
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Hebrews 12:14-17 by St. John Chrysostom | John Chrysostom emphasizes the importance of love, peace, and holiness in Christianity, quoting Jesus and Paul to highlight the significance of following peace with all men and pur |
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K-507 the Christian in Society by Art Katz | In this sermon, the speaker discusses two streams of experience that have led him to believe that there is a deficiency in the church. He highlights the frustrations and misuse of |