1 Chronicles 1:14 — Word Study
WLCוְאֶת־ הַיְבוּסִי֙ וְאֶת־ הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י וְאֵ֖ת הַגִּרְגָּשִֽׁי׃
BSAthe JebusitesYᵉbûwçîy [inhabitants of Jebus, the early name for Jerusalem] the AmoritesʼĔmôrîy [a Canaanite tribe, descendants of Canaan] the GirgashitesGirgâshîy [a native tribe of Canaan, descended from Girgas]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| הַיְבוּסִי֙ | the Jebusite[s] | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י | the Amorite[s] | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| וְאֵ֖ת | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| הַגִּרְגָּשִֽׁי׃ | the Girgashite[s] | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites, |
| KJV | The Jebusite also, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite, |
| ASV | and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite, |
| YLT | and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite, |
| WEB | the Jebusite, the Amorite, the Girgashite, |
| BBE | And the Jebusite and the Amorite and the Girgashite, |
All translations agree on the naming of the Jebusites, Amorites, and Girgashites — see How Translations Differ.
The verse consists of a single main clause listing the tribes, with no additional subordinate clauses.
4 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 1:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Descendants of Canaangenerated
1 Chronicles 1:14 lists the Jebusites, Amorites, and Girgashites as part of the genealogy of Canaan. This verse provides insight into the various tribes that inhabited the land of Canaan, which is significant for understanding the historical context of Israel's later conquests and settlements. The mention of these tribes helps to establish the cultural and ethnic landscape of the region during biblical times.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 15:21 | Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, and Jebusites.” |
| 2 | Exodus 33:2 | And I will send an angel before you, and I will drive out the Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. |
| 3 | Exodus 34:11 | Observe what I command you this day. I will drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. |
| 4 | Judges 1:21 | The Benjamites, however, failed to drive out the Jebusites living in Jerusalem. So to this day the Jebusites live there among the Benjamites. |
| 5 | Judges 19:11 | When they were near Jebus and the day was almost gone, the servant said to his master, “Please, let us stop at this Jebusite city and spend the night here.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 19 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יְבוּסִי, hay.vu.Sigenerated
The term יְבוּסִי (hay.vu.Si) refers to the Jebusites, who were the inhabitants of Jebus, the early name for Jerusalem. This word is a noun in the masculine singular form, indicating a specific group of people descended from Jebus, a son of Canaan.
The Jebusites are part of the broader context of Canaanite tribes, and their mention highlights the historical significance of Jerusalem as a central location in biblical narratives.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse is straightforward, consisting of a main clause that lists the tribes: הַיְבוּסִי, הָאֱמֹרִי, and הַגִּרְגָּשִׁי. Each noun phrase identifies a specific tribe, contributing to the overall genealogical context.
The use of the conjunction וְאֶת־ before each tribe emphasizes the collective nature of these groups as part of Canaan's descendants.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 1:14 names the Jebusites, Amorites, and Girgashites as tribes that lived in Canaan. These names are part of a genealogy that shows the descendants of Canaan, helping us understand the people who occupied the land before the Israelites arrived.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The Jebusites were the inhabitants of Jebus, which later became known as Jerusalem, and they were descendants of Jebus, a son of Canaan.
Amorites were members of a Canaanite tribe descended from Canaan, known for living in the mountainous regions and were displaced by the Israelites.
The Girgashites were a native tribe of Canaan, mentioned in the genealogies, and their presence indicates the diverse populations that existed in the region.
This verse provides a glimpse into the various tribes that lived in Canaan, setting the stage for the Israelites' later conquests and interactions with these groups.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from the diverse tribes mentioned in this verse about the history of Canaan?
- How do the names of these tribes reflect the cultural landscape of the region?
- In what ways does understanding the tribes of Canaan help us comprehend the biblical narrative?
- What significance do you think the city of Jerusalem holds in relation to the Jebusites?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 1:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe Jebusite also, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite, The Jebusites ... From this verse to 1 Chronicles 1:17 the names are not those of individuals.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 1 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe Jebusite; the people so called. So the names which follow until , are not the names of particular persons, but of people or nations. And all these descended from Canaan, though some of them were afterwards extinct or confounded with others of their brethren by cohabitation or mutual marriages, whereby they lost their names; which is the reason why they are no more mentioned, at least under these names.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 1 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English ReadersTHE SONS OF HAM, THE DARK-SKINNED OR SWARTHY (1 Chronicles 1:8-16). (8) Cush.—The Greek Meroλ, Assyrian Miluhha, or Kϋsu, south of Egypt, in our Bibles often called Ethiopia (Isaiah 19:1). The Arabic gives Habesh, i.e., Ethiopia. Mizraim.—The common Hebrew name of Egypt: strictly, “the two Miηrs”—i.e., Upper and Lower Egypt. But the name should rather be spelt Mizrim—the Egyptians; the form Mizraim being probably a mere fancy of the Jewish punctuators. The Assyrians wrote Muηum, Muηru, Muηur. The Inscription of Darius has Miηir. Maητr was the name of the wall which protected Egypt on the north-east. Hence it gave its name to the whole of Lower Egypt.—Cush and Muηur are coupled together in…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 1 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges14. the Jebusite] Judges 1:21; 2 Samuel 5:6. the Amorite] Numbers 13:29; Numbers 21:21; Judges 1:35.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites,
the Jebusite, the Amorite, the Girgashite,
the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites,
as well as the Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites,
Tyndale line
The Jebusite also, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite,
and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite,
and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite;
The Jebusite also, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite,
And the Iebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite,
Strictly literal
and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite,
and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite,
and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite,
And the Jebusite, and the Emorite, and the Girgashite,
He also became the ancestor of the Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites,
From the Latin
And the Jebusite, and the Amorrhite, and the Gergesite,
Simplified
Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites,
And the Jebusite and the Amorite and the Girgashite,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text lists the Jebusites, Amorites, and Girgashites as part of Canaan's descendants, with no significant variations noted in the other witnesses.
וְאֶת־ הַיְבוּסִי֙ וְאֶת־ הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י וְאֵ֖ת הַגִּרְגָּשִֽׁי׃
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 1:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
יְבוּסִי (Yebuwciy) means 'Jebusite,' referring to the inhabitants or descendants of Jebus, an early name for Jerusalem. The term is derived from a root associated with Canaan, specifically the third son of Canaan. It is used in the context of the people living in or around Jerusalem.
יְבוּסִי, יְבֻסִי
adj. gent. Jebusite, Jebusites
Jerusalem
base
H2983 יְבוּסִי, יְבֻסִי . adj. gent. Jebusite, Jebusites
. Jerusalem
2983 Yebuwciy yeb-oo-see'
patrial from 2982; a Jebusite or inhabitant of
Jebus:--Jebusite(-s).
see HEBREW for 02982
יְבוּסִי (ye.vu.si) — Jebusite.
Someone descended from Jebus(?) of the Canaanites, first mentioned at Gen.10.16; descended from Canaan (H3667); along with Sidon (H6721), Heth (H2845), Amorite (H0567), Girgashite (H1622), Hivite (H2340), Arkite (H6208), Sinite (H5513), Arvadite (H0721), Zemarite (H6786) and Hamathite (H2577)
§ Jebusite = "descendants of Jebus"
descendants of the 3rd son of Canaan who lived in or around the site of Jebus, the early name for Jerusalem
יְבוּסִי (ye.vu.si) — Jebus.
Jebusite = "descendants of Jebus"
descendants of the 3rd son of Canaan who lived in or around the site of Jebus, the early name for Jerusalem
Another spelling of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
אֱמֹרִי (Emoriy) refers to the Amorites, a group of people descended from Canaan, possibly meaning 'mountain-dwellers.' They are noted as a prominent tribe dispossessed by the Israelites during their conquest of Canaan. The term may derive from a root meaning 'to say,' suggesting a connection to prominence or publicity.
אֱמֹרִי n.pr.m.coll. Amorites (perh. = mountain-dwellers)
called son of Canaan
a chief people dispossessed by Hebrews
adj.gent.
base
H567 אֱמֹרִי Amorites (perh. = mountain-dwellers)
567 'Emoriy em-o-ree'
probably a patronymic from an unused name derived from 559 in
the sense of publicity, i.e. prominence; thus, a mountaineer;
an Emorite, one of the Canaanitish tribes:--Amorite.
see HEBREW for 0559
אֱמֹרִי (e.mo.ri) — Amorite.
Someone descended from Amor(?), first mentioned at Gen.10.16; descended from Canaan (H3667); along with Sidon (H6721), Heth (H2845), Jebusite (H2983), Girgashite (H1622), Hivite (H2340), Arkite (H6208), Sinite (H5513), Arvadite (H0721), Zemarite (H6786) and Hamathite (H2577)
§ Amorite = "a sayer"
one of the peoples of east Canaan and beyond the Jordan, dispossessed by the Israelite incursion from Egypt
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
גִּרְגָּשִׁי (Girgashiy) refers to a Girgashite, a descendant of Canaan. The term is linked to the native tribes of Canaan, specifically mentioned in Genesis 10:16. It may mean 'dwelling on clayey soil.' The lexicons indicate that the word is derived from an uncertain origin.
גִּרְגָּשִׁי adj.gent. ‘begotten’ by Canaan
base
H1622 גִּרְגָּשִׁי ‘begotten’ by Canaan
1622 Girgashiy ghir-gaw-shee'
patrial from an unused name (of uncertain derivation); a
Girgashite, one of the native tribes of Canaan:--Girgashite,
Girgasite.
גִּרְגָּשִׁי (gir.ga.shi) — Girgashite.
Someone descended from Girgas(?) of the Canaanites, first mentioned at Gen.10.16; descended from Canaan (H3667); along with Sidon (H6721), Heth (H2845), Jebusite (H2983), Amorite (H0567), Hivite (H2340), Arkite (H6208), Sinite (H5513), Arvadite (H0721), Zemarite (H6786) and Hamathite (H2577); also called in KJV: Girgasite;
§ Girgashite or Girgasite = "dwelling on a clayey soil"
descendants of Canaan and one of the nations living east of the sea of Galilee when the Israelites entered the promised land
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa