1 Chronicles 1:6 — Word Study
WLCוּבְנֵ֖י גֹּ֑מֶר אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז וְדִיפַ֖ת וְתוֹגַרְמָֽה׃
BSAThe sonsbên [descendants, offspring] of GomerGômer [complete, a son of Japheth] AshkenazʼAshkᵉnaz [a man as sprinkled, from Bithynia] RiphathRîyphath [a grandson of Japheth] and TogarmahTôwgarmâh [settled in Armenia, a son of Gomer]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּבְנֵ֖י | and [the] sons of | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct |
| גֹּ֑מֶר | Gomer | Noun proper masculine |
| אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז | Ashkenaz | Noun proper masculine |
| וְדִיפַ֖ת | and Diphath | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְתוֹגַרְמָֽה׃ | and Togarmah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. |
| KJV | And the sons of Gomer; Ashchenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. |
| ASV | And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, and Diphath, and Togarmah. |
| YLT | And sons of Gomer: Ashchenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. |
| WEB | The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Diphath, and Togarmah. |
| BBE | And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz and Diphath and Togarmah. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of the names — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of a main clause followed by a list of names, which is typical in genealogical records.
5 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott, AdamClarke & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 1:6
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Genealogy of Japhethgenerated
1 Chronicles 1:6 presents a concise genealogy of Gomer, one of the sons of Japheth, highlighting his notable descendants: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. This genealogy serves to establish the lineage and heritage of various peoples in the ancient world, linking them back to Noah's sons as recorded in the early chapters of Genesis, particularly in Genesis 10:3.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 10:3 | The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — גֹּ֑מֶר, Go.mergenerated
The name גֹּ֑מֶר (Gomer) translates to 'complete' and refers to a significant figure in the genealogies of the Old Testament. As a son of Japheth, Gomer is the progenitor of several nations and peoples, indicating a broad lineage.
The parsing shows that Gomer is a proper masculine noun, emphasizing his identity as a person rather than a concept. This word appears in genealogical contexts to denote family connections, establishing the heritage of those who descended from him.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is built around the subject וּבְנֵ֖י (and the sons of), followed by the predicate that lists the descendants of Gomer. This structure emphasizes the familial relationships and the significance of lineage in the context of the genealogical record.
The order of the names reflects the traditional Hebrew practice of listing descendants, where the first name, Ashkenaz, may carry particular importance or prominence among the brothers.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates גֹּ֑מֶר as γαμερ, maintaining the proper noun form. This choice shows continuity in the understanding of Gomer's identity across the Hebrew and Greek texts.
The Greek translation aligns closely with the Hebrew, indicating a shared recognition of Gomer's significance in the genealogical tradition.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 1:6 lists the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. These names represent the descendants of Gomer, who is identified as a son of Japheth. This genealogy highlights the connections between these figures and their heritage.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The sons of Gomer are Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah, each representing different branches of Gomer's descendants.
The name Gomer means 'complete' and signifies a significant figure in the genealogies of the Old Testament.
Genealogies establish lineage, inheritance, and the fulfillment of God's promises through specific families and nations.
These names represent the various peoples and nations that descended from Gomer, linking them back to the broader narrative of the descendants of Noah.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from the genealogies in the Bible about our own family histories?
- How do the names in genealogies reflect the identity and heritage of a people?
- In what ways do genealogies help us understand the fulfillment of God's promises?
- How can we appreciate the significance of our own names and family connections?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 1:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 1 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleRiphath, or Diphath; for those two Hebrew letters which answer to our D and R, being very like, are oft confounded and exchanged, as ,41,46,50.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 1 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English ReadersTHE SONS OF JAPHETH THE FAIR—(1 Chronicles 1:5-7). The Oriental theory of political and even social communities refers each to a common ancestor. The Israelites are known as “sons of Israel,” the Ammonites as “sons of Ammon” (Authorised version, “children”). In the same way, an Arab tribe is called. the “Bκni Hassan” (sons of Hassan), and Assurbanipal styles his subjects “sons of Asshur.” Sometimes a people is called “sons” of the land or city they inhabit; e.g., the Babylonians are styled “sons of Babel.” The “sons of Japheth” are probably the fair Caucasian race. (5) Gomer.—The Cimmerians of the Greek writers; called Gi-mir-ra-a-a in Assyrian inscriptions. Their country was Cappadocia…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 1 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 6. To this verse the Targum adds, "And the names of their countries were Asia, and Persia, and Barbary."
Read AdamClarke on 1 Chronicles 1 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges6. Ashchenaz] R.V. Ashkenaz, as in Genesis 10:3. In Jeremiah 51:27 “the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni and Ashkenaz” are to be summoned against Babylon. Ararat being Armenia, and Minni (= Mannai of the Assyrian monuments) being a neighbour of Armenia, Ashkenaz also is probably a neighbour of Armenia and to be sought on the N. or E. of Cappadocia, the seat of its “father” Gomer. Riphath] so LXX. and Vulg. R.V. Diphath, following the Heb. text which however has a note added that another reading is “Riphath.” The letters D and R are easily confused in Hebrew. Nothing certain is known of either Riphath or Diphath. Togarmah] In Ezekiel 27:14 Togarmah is mentioned (after “Javan, Tubal, and Meshech,”…
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Diphath, and Togarmah.
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
Tyndale line
And the sons of Gomer; Ashchenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, and Diphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Diphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer; Ashchenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sonnes of Gomer, Ashchenaz, and Iphath and Togarmah.
Strictly literal
— And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, and Diphath, and Togarmah.
And sons of Gomer: Ashchenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And sons of Gomer: Ashchenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenas, and Diphath, and Thogarmah.
The sons of Gomer were Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
From the Latin
And the sons of Gomer: Ascenez, and Riphath, and Thogorma.
Simplified
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz and Diphath and Togarmah.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the names listed in this verse, with all five words matched. This consistency suggests a stable tradition in the transmission of this genealogical information.
וּבְנֵ֖י גֹּ֑מֶר אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז וְדִיפַ֖ת וְתוֹגַרְמָֽה׃
5 of the 5 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 1:6
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural constructHC/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
גֹּ֫מֶר (Gomer) refers to both a man and a woman in the Old Testament. The male Gomer is the eldest son of Japheth and a progenitor of various peoples, while the female Gomer is the unfaithful wife of the prophet Hosea, symbolizing Israel's waywardness. The name itself means 'completion.'
גֹּ֫מֶר n.pr.
m. son of Japhet
f. wife of Hosea
base
H1586 גֹּ֫מֶר . son of Japhet
. wife of Hosea
1586 Gomer go'-mer
from 1584; completion; Gomer, the name of a son of Japheth
and of his descendants; also of a Hebrewess:--Gomer.
see HEBREW for 01584
גֹּ֫מֶר (go.mer) — Gomer.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.2;
son of: Japheth (H3315);
brother of: Magog (H4031), Madai (H4074), Javan (H3120), Tubal (H8422), Meshech (H4902) and Tiras (H8494);
father of: Ashkenaz (H0813), Riphath (H7384A) and Togarmah (H8425)
§ Gomer = "complete"
1) the eldest son of Japheth and grandson of Noah; the progenitor of the early Cimmerians and other branches of the Celtic family
2) the unfaithful wife of the prophet Hosea; Hosea's relationship with her was symbolic of God's relationship with wayward Israel
גֹּ֫מֶר (go.mer) — Gomer.
A woman living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at Hos.1.3;
daughter of: Diblaim (H1691); married to Hosea (H1954J);
mother of: Jezreel (H3157K), Lo-ruhamah (H3819), Lo-ammi lo am.mi (לֹא עַמִּי "Not My People" H3818))
§ Gomer = "complete"
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Gomer
Complete; vanishing. (1.) The daughter of Diblaim, who (probably in vision only) became the wife of Hosea (1:3).
(2.) The eldest son of Japheth, and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah (Gen. 10:2, 3), whose descendants formed the principal branch of the population of South-eastern Europe. He is generally regarded as the ancestor of the Celtae and the Cimmerii, who in early times settled to the north of the Black Sea, and gave their name to the Crimea, the ancient Chersonesus Taurica. Traces of their presence are found in the names Cimmerian Bosphorus, Cimmerian Isthmus, etc. In the seventh century B.C. they were driven out of their original seat by the Scythians, and overran western Asia Minor, whence they were afterwards expelled. They subsequently reappear in the times of the Romans as the Cimbri of the north and west of…
(perfect). The eldest son of Japheth, (Genesis 10:2,3) the progenitor of the early Cimmerians, of the later Cimbri and the other branches of the Celtic family, and of the modern Gael and Cymri. The wife of Hosea. (Hosea 1:3)
1. Ge 10:2,3; 1Ch 1:5; Eze 38:6, a son of Japheth, and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. He is believed to have settled the northern shores of the Black Sea, and given name to the ancient Cimmerians and to the Crimea. About 700 B. C. a part of his posterity diffused themselves in Asia Minor. Traces of his name and parentage are also found in the Cymbri, Umbri, and Cambri of historians, in Kumero and Kumeraeg, the names of the Welsh people and language, and among various nations of Europe.
2. A harlot whom the prophet Hosea appears to have married in prophetic vision, as directed by God, that the Jews might be led to reflect on the guilt of their spiritual uncleanness or idolatry,
to finish; complete
אַשְׁכְּנַז (Ashkenaz) refers to a descendant of Japheth and is associated with a northern people, possibly linked to Bithynia. The term appears in Genesis 10:3, where Ashkenaz is identified as a son of Gomer and a brother to Riphath and Togarmah. There is a suggestion that the name may imply 'a man as sprinkled' or 'fire as scattered,' but this interpretation is not universally agreed upon.
אַשְׁכְּנַז n.pr.m.
a descendant of Japhet
a northern people
base
H813 אַשְׁכְּנַז . a descendant of Japhet
. a northern people
813 'Ashknaz ash-ken-az'
of foreign origin; Ashkenaz, a Japhethite, also his
descendants:--Ashkenaz.
אַשְׁכְּנַז (ash.ke.naz) — Ashkenaz.
A man of the Gomerians living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.3;
son of: Gomer (H1586);
brother of: Riphath (H7384A) and Togarmah (H8425)
§ Ashchenaz or Ashkenaz = "a man as sprinkled: fire as scattered"
1) a descendant of Japheth
2) a northern people, perhaps of Bithynia
אַשְׁכְּנַז (ash.ke.naz) — Ashkenaz.
§ Ashchenaz or Ashkenaz = "a man as sprinkled: fire as scattered"
a descendant of Japheth
2) a northern people, perhaps of Bithynia
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Ashkenaz
One of the three sons of Gomer (Gen. 10:3), and founder of one of the tribes of the Japhetic race. They are mentioned in connection with Minni and Ararat, and hence their original seat must have been in Armenia (Jer. 51:27), probably near the Black Sea, which, from their founder, was first called Axenus, and afterwards the Euxine.
(spreading fire), one of the three sons of Gomer, son of Japhet. (Genesis 10:3) We may probably recognize the tribe of Ashkenaz on the northern shore of Asia Minor in the name of Lake Ascanius, and in Europe in the name Scandia, Scandinavia . Knobel considers that Ashkenaz is to be identified with the German race.
דִּיפַת (di.phat) and רִיפַת (ri.phat) refer to Riphath, a grandson of Japheth and son of Gomer, mentioned in Genesis 10:3. The entries indicate that Riphath is associated with the Gomerians and is noted as the second son of Gomer, with the meaning 'spoken.' There is a minor orthographical variation in the spelling of the name.
H7384a דִּיפַת son of Gomer, son of Japhet H7384b רִיפַת n. pr. gent. ʻsonʼ of Gomer (of Japhet)
7384 Riyphath ree-fath'
or (probably by orthographical error) Diyphath {dee-fath'};
of foreign origin; Riphath, a grandson of Japheth and his
descendants:--Riphath.
דִּיפַת (di.phat) — Riphath.
A man of the Gomerians living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.3;
son of: Gomer (H1586);
brother of: Ashkenaz (H0813) and Togarmah (H8425)
Also named: ri.phat (רִיפַת "Riphath" H7384B)
§ Riphath = "spoken"
the 2nd son of Gomer
רִיפַת (ri.phat) — Riphath.
A man of the Gomerians living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.3;
son of: Gomer (H1586);
brother of: Ashkenaz (H0813) and Togarmah (H8425)
Another spelling of di.phat (דִּיפַת "Riphath" H7384A)
§ Riphath = "spoken"
the 2nd son of Gomer
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
תֹּגַרְמָה (Towgarmah) refers to a figure from the genealogy of Noah, specifically a son of Gomer, and is associated with a territory likely in southwestern Armenia. The name is interpreted as meaning 'thou wilt break her.' The entries consistently identify Togarmah as both a person and a region settled by his descendants.
תֹּגַרְמָה, תּוֹגַרְמָה n.pr.terr. it lay in (SW.) Armenia
base
H8425 תֹּגַרְמָה, תּוֹגַרְמָה
8425 Towgarmah to-gar-maw'
or Togarmah {to-gar-maw'}; probably of foreign derivation;
Togarmah, a son of Gomer and his posterity:--Togarmah.
תֹּגַרְמָה (to.gar.mah) — Togarmah.
A man of the Gomerians living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.3;
son of: Gomer (H1586);
brother of: Ashkenaz (H0813) and Riphath (H7384A)
§ Togarmah = "thou wilt break her"
1) son of Gomer, grandson of Japheth, and great grandson of Noah
n pr terr
2) territory settled by the descendants of Togarmah
2a) probably the area known as Armenia
תֹּגַרְמָה (to.gar.mah) — (Beth)-togarmah.
Combined with ba.yit (בַּ֫יִת ", Beth-" H1004I)
§ Togarmah = "thou wilt break her"
territory settled by the descendants of Togarmah
probably the area known as Armenia
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
to-gar'-ma (~togharmah]; Thorgama, Thergama, Thurgama, Thurgaba; Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) Thorgoma):
1. Its Forms: A Suggested Identification:
The 3rd son of Gomer, and grandson of Japheth, his brothers being Ashkenaz and Riphath (Ge 10:3). The meaning of the name is doubtful. Grimm (Gesch. deutsch. Sprache, II, 325) suggests Sanskr. toka, "tribe," and arma = Armenia. Etymological and other difficulties stand in the way of French Delitzsch's identification of Togarmah with the Assyrian Til-garimmu, "hill of Garimmu," or, possibly, "of the bone-heap," a fortress of Melitene, on the borders of Tabal (Tubal).
2. Probably Armenia or a Tract Connected Therewith:
In Eze 27:14 Togarmah is mentioned after Tubal, Javan and Mesech as supplying horses and mules to the…
Togarmah
(1.) A son of Gomer, and grandson of Japheth (Gen. 10:3).
(2.) A nation which traded in horses and mules at the fairs of Tyre (Ezek. 27:14; 38:6); probably an Armenian or a Scythian race; descendants of (1).
a son of Gomer, of the family of Japheth, and brother of Ashkenaz and Riphath. (Genesis 10:3) His descendants became a people engaged in agriculture, breeding horses and mules to be sold in Tyre. (Ezekiel 27:14) They were also a military people, well skilled in the use of arms. Togarmah was probably the ancient name of Armenia.