Genesis 10:3 — Word Study
WLCוּבְנֵ֖י גֹּ֑מֶר אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז וְרִיפַ֖ת וְתֹגַרְמָֽה׃
BSAThe sonsbên [descendants, offspring] of GomerGômer [complete, a son of Japheth] AshkenazʼAshkᵉnaz [a man as sprinkled, from Bithynia] RiphathRîyphath [a grandson of Japheth] and TogarmahTôwgarmâh [settled in Armenia, a son of Gomer]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּבְנֵ֖י | and [the] sons of | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct |
| גֹּ֑מֶר | Gomer | Noun proper masculine |
| אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז | [were] Ashkenaz | Noun proper masculine |
| וְרִיפַ֖ת | and Riphath | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְתֹגַרְמָֽה׃ | and Togarmah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. |
| KJV | And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. |
| ASV | And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. |
| YLT | And sons of Gomer [are] Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. |
| WEB | The sons of Gomer were: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. |
| BBE | And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz and Riphath and Togarmah. |
Where they part company is in the identification of the descendants, which is consistent across translations.
The sentence is straightforward, with a main clause followed by a list of names, reflecting the genealogical style.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Genesis 10:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Descendants of Japhethgenerated
Genesis 10:3 provides a brief account of Gomer's descendants, specifically naming Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. This passage is part of a larger genealogy that traces the lineage of Noah's sons after the flood, highlighting the spread of nations and peoples from their ancestral roots. The context emphasizes the importance of understanding the origins of various groups in the ancient world, which is further explored in the subsequent verses.
Cross References
The Key Word — גֹּ֑מֶר, Go.mergenerated
The name גֹּ֑מֶר (Gomer) signifies completeness and refers to a son of Japheth. This name is associated with both a male progenitor and a female figure in the Bible, highlighting its dual significance.
In this verse, Gomer serves as the patriarch from whom several nations descend, emphasizing the theme of lineage and inheritance that runs throughout the genealogical accounts in Genesis.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
Translations of this verse generally agree on the identification of Gomer's sons.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse is straightforward, with a noun phrase serving as the subject — וּבְנֵ֖י גֹּ֑מֶר (and the sons of Gomer) — followed by a predicate that lists the names of Gomer's sons. This clear structure emphasizes the familial connections.
The simple enumeration of names reflects the genealogical style of the passage, which is typical in the early chapters of Genesis.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, Gomer is rendered as γαμερ (gamer), maintaining the name's identity while adapting it to Greek phonetics. This choice reflects the translators' intent to preserve the original names of the genealogical figures.
The Greek translation does not expand on the meaning of Gomer but retains the focus on the lineage, consistent with the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Genesis 10:3 lists the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. This verse is part of a genealogy that traces the descendants of Noah's sons, showing how different nations originated from these figures.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The sons of Gomer are Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah, who are identified as descendants of Japheth.
The name Gomer means completeness and is associated with both a male progenitor and a female figure in the Bible.
Genealogies in the Bible serve to establish lineage, inheritance, and the origins of nations, providing context for the history of God's people.
This verse is part of the genealogical accounts following the flood, illustrating the repopulation of the earth and the establishment of various peoples.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the importance of family lineage from this verse?
- How do genealogies help us understand the history of nations in the Bible?
- In what ways does the name Gomer reflect the themes of completeness and inheritance?
- How does this passage connect to the broader narrative of Genesis regarding Noah's descendants?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church fathers comment on this genealogy, identifying the nations associated with Gomer's descendants and their historical significance.
The sons of Gomer are Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. The Greeks call Ashkenaz 'Reginos', Riphath is the ancestor of the Paphlagonians, and Togarmah is the ancestor of the Phrygians.Early Church Fathers on Genesis 10 →
Furthermore, the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. Ashkenaz are the Sarmatians whom the Greeks call the Medes. Riphath the Paphlagonians, Togarmah the Phrygians.Early Church Fathers on Genesis 10 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Genesis 10:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the sons of Gomer,.... Who was the first of the sons of Japheth, three of whose sons are mentioned, and they are as follow: Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah; the first of these seated himself
Read John Gill on Genesis 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. Ashkenaz - or Ashchenaz.
Read Robert Jamieson on Genesis 10 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAshkenaz, whose seed possessed Pontus and Bithynia, and the neighbouring parts, from whom they took the names of the lake and haven called Ascanius, and the sea called Axenus, or Euxinus. Riphath is called Diphath, ; the letters Daleth and Resh being oft interchanged, as we shall see in other instances. His posterity dwelled in or near Pontus and Bithynia, where Mela and Pliny and Solinus place the Riphaei, or Riphaces, and the Paphlagonians, who were anciently called Piphataei. Togarmah, whose posterity are joined with Gomer’ s; see , ; and were, as some think, the Phrygians and Galatians, and of them the Gauls and Germans; or, as others, the Armenians, and of them the Turks.
Read Matthew Poole on Genesis 10 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsGenesis 10:3 And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.Ver. 3. Ashkenaz.] Hinc Tuiscones , or Duitschmen, say the Jews; making Ashkenaz the father of the Germans, as Gomer of the Cimbrians or Danes, and Meshec of the Muscovites. But of these things there is little certainty. See Breerwood’ s Inquiries.
Read John Trapp on Genesis 10 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) Gomer has three main divisions:— 1. Ashkenaz, a region in the neighbourhood of Armenia (Jeremiah 51:27), whence, following the course of Japhethite migration, the race seems to have wandered into Germany. The derivations are all most uncertain; but the Jews call the Germans Ashkenazites, and are probably right.2. Riphath, in 1 Chronicles 1:6, is called Diphath (see Dodanim, below). Riphath is probably right, and the, inhabitants of the Riphæan Mountains (the Carpathians?) are the people meant. They were Celts. 3. Togarmah. Certainly Armenia.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Genesis 10 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. Ashkenaz] Probably gave his name to Sacagena, a very excellent province of Armenia. Pliny mentions a people called Ascanitici, who dwelt about the Tanais and the Palus Maeotis; and some suppose that from Ashkenaz the Euxine Sea derived its name, but others suppose that from him the Germans derived their origin. Riphath] Or Diphath, the founder of the Paphlagonians, which were anciently called Riphataei. Togarmah.] The Sauromates, or inhabitants of Turcomania. See the reasons in Calmet.
Read AdamClarke on Genesis 10 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. Ashkenaz] Mentioned in Jeremiah 51:27 along with Ararat; and now generally identified with the region of Armenia. It is worth noticing that the mediaeval Jews explained this name as denoting Germany. Thus the Ashkenazim are the German Jews. Riphath] In 1 Chronicles 1:6 the name appears as “Diphath.” The letters, R (ø) and D (ã), are very similar in Hebrew. Cf. “Dodanim” for “Rodanim,” Genesis 10:4. Josephus identified “Riphath” with the Paphlagonians. The name is now unknown. Togarmah] Mentioned also in Ezekiel 27:14, with Javan, Tubal and Meshech; and in Ezekiel 38:6, with Gomer, and generally identified with the western part of Armenia. Cf. 1 Chronicles 1:6.
Read Cambridge on Genesis 10 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible3. Sons of Gomer — Sub-families of the Gomeridae, or Cimmerians, Kimbri. Ashkenaz — Or Askenaz. Kenaz means family, family of the Asi, who lived in the north-west of Asia Minor, and from whom Asia derives its name.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Genesis 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
The sons of Gomer were: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
The sons of Gomer were Askenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
Tyndale line
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sonnes of Gomer, Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
Strictly literal
And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And sons of Gomer [are] Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And sons of Gomer [are] Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
The sons of Gomer were Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
From the Latin
And the sons of Gomer: Ascenez and Riphath and Thogorma.
Simplified
The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.
And the sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz and Riphath and Togarmah.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint and the Samaritan Pentateuch, both of which agree word for word with the Hebrew text in this verse, confirming the consistency of the genealogical record.
וּבְנֵ֖י גֹּ֑מֶר אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז וְרִיפַ֖ת וְתֹגַרְמָֽה׃
5 of the 5 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ובני גמר אשׁכנז ריפת ותגרמה
Agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Genesis 10:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural constructHC/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
גֹּ֫מֶר (Gomer) refers to both a man and a woman in the Old Testament. The male Gomer is the eldest son of Japheth and a progenitor of various peoples, while the female Gomer is the unfaithful wife of the prophet Hosea, symbolizing Israel's waywardness. The name itself means 'completion.'
גֹּ֫מֶר n.pr.
m. son of Japhet
f. wife of Hosea
base
H1586 גֹּ֫מֶר . son of Japhet
. wife of Hosea
1586 Gomer go'-mer
from 1584; completion; Gomer, the name of a son of Japheth
and of his descendants; also of a Hebrewess:--Gomer.
see HEBREW for 01584
גֹּ֫מֶר (go.mer) — Gomer.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.2;
son of: Japheth (H3315);
brother of: Magog (H4031), Madai (H4074), Javan (H3120), Tubal (H8422), Meshech (H4902) and Tiras (H8494);
father of: Ashkenaz (H0813), Riphath (H7384A) and Togarmah (H8425)
§ Gomer = "complete"
1) the eldest son of Japheth and grandson of Noah; the progenitor of the early Cimmerians and other branches of the Celtic family
2) the unfaithful wife of the prophet Hosea; Hosea's relationship with her was symbolic of God's relationship with wayward Israel
גֹּ֫מֶר (go.mer) — Gomer.
A woman living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at Hos.1.3;
daughter of: Diblaim (H1691); married to Hosea (H1954J);
mother of: Jezreel (H3157K), Lo-ruhamah (H3819), Lo-ammi lo am.mi (לֹא עַמִּי "Not My People" H3818))
§ Gomer = "complete"
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Gomer
Complete; vanishing. (1.) The daughter of Diblaim, who (probably in vision only) became the wife of Hosea (1:3).
(2.) The eldest son of Japheth, and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah (Gen. 10:2, 3), whose descendants formed the principal branch of the population of South-eastern Europe. He is generally regarded as the ancestor of the Celtae and the Cimmerii, who in early times settled to the north of the Black Sea, and gave their name to the Crimea, the ancient Chersonesus Taurica. Traces of their presence are found in the names Cimmerian Bosphorus, Cimmerian Isthmus, etc. In the seventh century B.C. they were driven out of their original seat by the Scythians, and overran western Asia Minor, whence they were afterwards expelled. They subsequently reappear in the times of the Romans as the Cimbri of the north and west of…
(perfect). The eldest son of Japheth, (Genesis 10:2,3) the progenitor of the early Cimmerians, of the later Cimbri and the other branches of the Celtic family, and of the modern Gael and Cymri. The wife of Hosea. (Hosea 1:3)
1. Ge 10:2,3; 1Ch 1:5; Eze 38:6, a son of Japheth, and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. He is believed to have settled the northern shores of the Black Sea, and given name to the ancient Cimmerians and to the Crimea. About 700 B. C. a part of his posterity diffused themselves in Asia Minor. Traces of his name and parentage are also found in the Cymbri, Umbri, and Cambri of historians, in Kumero and Kumeraeg, the names of the Welsh people and language, and among various nations of Europe.
2. A harlot whom the prophet Hosea appears to have married in prophetic vision, as directed by God, that the Jews might be led to reflect on the guilt of their spiritual uncleanness or idolatry,
to finish; complete
אַשְׁכְּנַז (Ashkenaz) refers to a descendant of Japheth and is associated with a northern people, possibly linked to Bithynia. The term appears in Genesis 10:3, where Ashkenaz is identified as a son of Gomer and a brother to Riphath and Togarmah. There is a suggestion that the name may imply 'a man as sprinkled' or 'fire as scattered,' but this interpretation is not universally agreed upon.
אַשְׁכְּנַז n.pr.m.
a descendant of Japhet
a northern people
base
H813 אַשְׁכְּנַז . a descendant of Japhet
. a northern people
813 'Ashknaz ash-ken-az'
of foreign origin; Ashkenaz, a Japhethite, also his
descendants:--Ashkenaz.
אַשְׁכְּנַז (ash.ke.naz) — Ashkenaz.
A man of the Gomerians living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.3;
son of: Gomer (H1586);
brother of: Riphath (H7384A) and Togarmah (H8425)
§ Ashchenaz or Ashkenaz = "a man as sprinkled: fire as scattered"
1) a descendant of Japheth
2) a northern people, perhaps of Bithynia
אַשְׁכְּנַז (ash.ke.naz) — Ashkenaz.
§ Ashchenaz or Ashkenaz = "a man as sprinkled: fire as scattered"
a descendant of Japheth
2) a northern people, perhaps of Bithynia
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Ashkenaz
One of the three sons of Gomer (Gen. 10:3), and founder of one of the tribes of the Japhetic race. They are mentioned in connection with Minni and Ararat, and hence their original seat must have been in Armenia (Jer. 51:27), probably near the Black Sea, which, from their founder, was first called Axenus, and afterwards the Euxine.
(spreading fire), one of the three sons of Gomer, son of Japhet. (Genesis 10:3) We may probably recognize the tribe of Ashkenaz on the northern shore of Asia Minor in the name of Lake Ascanius, and in Europe in the name Scandia, Scandinavia . Knobel considers that Ashkenaz is to be identified with the German race.
דִּיפַת (di.phat) and רִיפַת (ri.phat) refer to Riphath, a grandson of Japheth and son of Gomer, mentioned in Genesis 10:3. The entries indicate that Riphath is associated with the Gomerians and is noted as the second son of Gomer, with the meaning 'spoken.' There is a minor orthographical variation in the spelling of the name.
H7384a דִּיפַת son of Gomer, son of Japhet H7384b רִיפַת n. pr. gent. ʻsonʼ of Gomer (of Japhet)
7384 Riyphath ree-fath'
or (probably by orthographical error) Diyphath {dee-fath'};
of foreign origin; Riphath, a grandson of Japheth and his
descendants:--Riphath.
דִּיפַת (di.phat) — Riphath.
A man of the Gomerians living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.3;
son of: Gomer (H1586);
brother of: Ashkenaz (H0813) and Togarmah (H8425)
Also named: ri.phat (רִיפַת "Riphath" H7384B)
§ Riphath = "spoken"
the 2nd son of Gomer
רִיפַת (ri.phat) — Riphath.
A man of the Gomerians living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.3;
son of: Gomer (H1586);
brother of: Ashkenaz (H0813) and Togarmah (H8425)
Another spelling of di.phat (דִּיפַת "Riphath" H7384A)
§ Riphath = "spoken"
the 2nd son of Gomer
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
ri'-fath (riphath): A son of Gomer, the eldest son of Japhet (Ge 10:3; 1Ch 1:6, where Massoretic Text and the Revised Version (British and American) read DIPHATH (which see)). Josephus (Ant., I, vi, 1) identifies the Ripheans with the Paphlagonians, through whose country on the Black Sea ran the river "Rhebas" (Pliny, NH, vi.4).
Riphath
A crusher, Gomer’s second son (Gen. 10:3), supposed to have been the ancestor of the Paphlagonians.
(spoken), the second son of Gomer. (Genesis 10:3) The name may be identified with the Rhipaean mountains, i.e. the Carpathian range in the northeast of Dacia.
תֹּגַרְמָה (Towgarmah) refers to a figure from the genealogy of Noah, specifically a son of Gomer, and is associated with a territory likely in southwestern Armenia. The name is interpreted as meaning 'thou wilt break her.' The entries consistently identify Togarmah as both a person and a region settled by his descendants.
תֹּגַרְמָה, תּוֹגַרְמָה n.pr.terr. it lay in (SW.) Armenia
base
H8425 תֹּגַרְמָה, תּוֹגַרְמָה
8425 Towgarmah to-gar-maw'
or Togarmah {to-gar-maw'}; probably of foreign derivation;
Togarmah, a son of Gomer and his posterity:--Togarmah.
תֹּגַרְמָה (to.gar.mah) — Togarmah.
A man of the Gomerians living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.3;
son of: Gomer (H1586);
brother of: Ashkenaz (H0813) and Riphath (H7384A)
§ Togarmah = "thou wilt break her"
1) son of Gomer, grandson of Japheth, and great grandson of Noah
n pr terr
2) territory settled by the descendants of Togarmah
2a) probably the area known as Armenia
תֹּגַרְמָה (to.gar.mah) — (Beth)-togarmah.
Combined with ba.yit (בַּ֫יִת ", Beth-" H1004I)
§ Togarmah = "thou wilt break her"
territory settled by the descendants of Togarmah
probably the area known as Armenia
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
to-gar'-ma (~togharmah]; Thorgama, Thergama, Thurgama, Thurgaba; Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) Thorgoma):
1. Its Forms: A Suggested Identification:
The 3rd son of Gomer, and grandson of Japheth, his brothers being Ashkenaz and Riphath (Ge 10:3). The meaning of the name is doubtful. Grimm (Gesch. deutsch. Sprache, II, 325) suggests Sanskr. toka, "tribe," and arma = Armenia. Etymological and other difficulties stand in the way of French Delitzsch's identification of Togarmah with the Assyrian Til-garimmu, "hill of Garimmu," or, possibly, "of the bone-heap," a fortress of Melitene, on the borders of Tabal (Tubal).
2. Probably Armenia or a Tract Connected Therewith:
In Eze 27:14 Togarmah is mentioned after Tubal, Javan and Mesech as supplying horses and mules to the…
Togarmah
(1.) A son of Gomer, and grandson of Japheth (Gen. 10:3).
(2.) A nation which traded in horses and mules at the fairs of Tyre (Ezek. 27:14; 38:6); probably an Armenian or a Scythian race; descendants of (1).
a son of Gomer, of the family of Japheth, and brother of Ashkenaz and Riphath. (Genesis 10:3) His descendants became a people engaged in agriculture, breeding horses and mules to be sold in Tyre. (Ezekiel 27:14) They were also a military people, well skilled in the use of arms. Togarmah was probably the ancient name of Armenia.