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1 Chronicles 4:33 — Word Study

Depth

WLCוְכָל־ חַצְרֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֧ר סְבִיב֛וֹת הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה עַד־ בָּ֑עַל זֹ֚את מוֹשְׁבֹתָ֔ם וְהִתְיַחְשָׂ֖ם לָהֶֽם׃

BSAand allkôl [every one of, the entirety of] their surroundingçâbîyb villageschâtsêr [towns, settlements] asʻad far as BaalBaʻal [until, up to, the Phoenician deity, a false god] Thesezôʼth [these specific ones, they] were their settlementsmôwshâb [habitats, dwelling places] and they kept a genealogical recordyâchas [maintained, preserved, their family history, a declaration of their lineage]

Word
Listen & take away1 Chronicles 4
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 33 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (la.Hem) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
1 Chronicles 4:33quick helps
In a sentenceThis verse lists the settlements of a group and notes their genealogical record.
Who is speakingThe chronicler, documenting the lineage and settlements of the people.
Where we areA descriptive passage outlining the settlements and genealogical practices.
The hard wordמוֹשְׁבֹתָ֔ם
Take awayThe settlements are noted alongside their genealogical records.
5 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them › clause subjectזֹאת The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 4:33

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Settlements and Genealogiesgenerated

32And their villages were Etam, Ain, Rimmon, Tochen, and Ashan—five towns—
33and all their surrounding villages as far as Baal. These were their settlements, and they kept a genealogical record:
34Meshobab, Jamlech, Joshah son of Amaziah,
35Joel, Jehu son of Joshibiah (son of Seraiah, son of Asiel),

1 Chronicles 4:33 outlines the settlements of a group of people, emphasizing their surrounding villages and the importance of maintaining genealogical records. This reflects a common practice in ancient Israel to keep track of lineage and heritage, which is crucial for tribal identity and inheritance rights. The context here is part of a larger genealogical narrative that spans the chapter.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Joshua 19:8and all the villages surrounding these cities as far as Baalath-beer (Ramah of the Negev). This was the inheritance of the clans of the tribe of Simeon.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word מוֹשְׁבֹתָ֔ם, mo.she.vo.Tamgenerated

The word מוֹשָׁב (mowshab) refers to a seat or dwelling-place, indicating a location where people reside. In this verse, it is in the plural form, suggesting multiple habitats or settlements. The parsing as a feminine noun indicates it refers to places where people live, emphasizing community and habitation.

The suffix indicates possession, meaning 'their dwelling places.' This word highlights the importance of physical locations in the life of the community, linking them to their identity and history.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses settlements for the Hebrew term מוֹשְׁבֹתָ֔ם.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main clause is centered around the subject הָאֵ֖לֶּה, these, which identifies the settlements. The structure includes several noun phrases that describe the settlements and their surrounding villages, culminating in a predicate that emphasizes their genealogical practices.

The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the settlements first, followed by their characteristics and practices, highlighting the importance of both the physical and genealogical aspects of the community.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates מוֹשְׁבֹתָ֔ם as a term indicating a dwelling or settlement, using the Greek word κατοικίας. This choice reflects a focus on the habitation aspect of the settlements.

The translation choice may indicate a broader understanding of what constitutes a settlement, emphasizing the community's living arrangements.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

1 Chronicles 4:33 describes the settlements of a group of people, listing their villages and noting that they kept genealogical records. This highlights the importance of knowing one's lineage and the places where they lived.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What is the significance of keeping genealogical records?

Genealogical records were crucial for maintaining tribal identity and inheritance rights in ancient Israel.

What types of settlements are mentioned?

The verse refers to villages and settlements that were part of the community's living arrangements.

How does this verse connect to the broader narrative of 1 Chronicles?

This verse fits within a genealogical framework that emphasizes the importance of lineage and heritage among the tribes of Israel.

Why is Baal mentioned in this context?

Baal is referenced as a geographical marker, indicating the extent of the settlements, though it also highlights the contrast with the worship of Yahweh.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What can I learn from the importance of genealogical records in my own family history?
  2. How do physical locations shape our identities and communities today?
  3. In what ways can I preserve my own heritage and the stories of my ancestors?
  4. What significance do you think the mention of Baal has in the context of these settlements?

Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 4:33 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And all their villages that were round about the same cities, unto Baal,.... The same with Baalathbeer, Joshua 19:8 these were their habitations, and their genealogy; as before described, until the times of David.

Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 4 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And all their villages that were round about the same cities, unto Baal. These were their habitations, and their genealogy. No JFB commentary on these verses.

Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 4 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(33) Unto Baal.—Called in Joshua 19:8 Baalathbeer (“lady of the well”). The same passage adds what appears to be the name of this group of villages, viz., Ramath-negeb, or Ramah of the southland. (Comp. 1 Samuel 30:27.) These (Heb., this) were their habitations.—A conclusion of the list of towns of Simeon. And their genealogy.—Heb., and they had their own registration (or, enrolment); that is, though their settlements lay within the territory of Judah, their clans were registered as belonging to a distinct tribe.

Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 4 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

33. unto Baal] Baal (“lord”) standing by itself is an unlikely name for a town; the parallel passage. Joshua 19:8, reads Baalath-beer, Ramah of the South (“the mistress of the well, the high place of the South”), a better reading.

Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 4 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

And their genealogy - Rather, “and their register was according thereto” - they were registered, i. e. according to the places where they dwelt.

Read Albert Barnes on 1 Chronicles 4 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

and all their surrounding villages as far as Baal. These were their settlements, and they kept a genealogical record:

WEBWorld English Bible2000

and all their villages that were around the same cities, as far as Baal. These were their settlements, and they kept their genealogy.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

and all their surrounding villages as far as Baal. These were their settlements, and they kept a genealogical record:

NETBNew English Translation2006

They also lived in all the settlements that surrounded these towns as far as Baal. These were their settlements; they kept genealogical records.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And all their villages that were round about the same cities, unto Baal. These were their habitations, and their genealogy.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

and all their villages that were round about the same cities, unto Baal. These were their habitations, and they have their genealogy.

RVARevised Version, American1894

and all their villages that were round about the same cities, unto Baal. These were their habitations, and they have their genealogy.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And all their villages that were around the same cities to Baal. These were their habitations, and their genealogy.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And all their townes that were rounde about these cities vnto Baal, These are their habitations and the declaration of their genealogie,

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

and all their villages that were round about these cities, as far as Baal. These were their habitations and their genealogical register.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and all their villages that [are] round about these cities unto Baal; these [are] their dwellings, and they have their genealogy:

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and all their villages that [are] around these cities to Ba‘al; these [are] their dwellings, and they have their genealogy:

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And all their villages that were round about these same cities as far as Ba'al. These were their dwelling-places, and after them are they recorded.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

together with the outlying villages as far as Baalath. These were their settlements, and they kept the genealogical records.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And all their villages round about these cities as far as Baal. This was their habitation, and the distribution of their dwellings.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

along with all the surrounding villages as far as Baal. These were the places where they lived and they recorded their genealogy.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And all the small places round these towns, as far as Baalath-beer, the high place of the South. These were their living-places, and they have lists of their generations.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclausenoun phrase · subjectכָלallnoun phrasenoun phraseחַצְרֵיvillagesהֶ֗םtheirrelpאֲשֶׁ֧רwhichclausenoun phrase · predicateסְבִיב֛וֹת[were].aroundnoun phraseהֶthenoun phraseעָרִ֥יםcitiesadjective phraseהָ(the)אֵ֖לֶּהtheseprepositional phrase · predicateעַדtoבָּ֑עַלBaalclausesubjectזֹ֚אתthisnoun phrase · predicateמוֹשְׁבֹתָ֔dwelling.placesם[was].theirוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectהִתְיַחְשָׂ֖their.genealogicalםenrolmentprepositional phrase · predicateלָ[belonged].toהֶֽםthem

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show agreement on the core elements of the verse, though the Septuagint's word order differs. Both texts convey the same essential information about the settlements and genealogical records.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְכָל־ חַצְרֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֧ר סְבִיב֛וֹת הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה עַד־ בָּ֑עַל זֹ֚את מוֹשְׁבֹתָ֔ם וְהִתְיַחְשָׂ֖ם לָהֶֽם׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְכָל־πᾶσαιסְבִיב֛וֹתκύκλῳהֶעָרִ֥יםπόλεωνהָאֵ֖לֶּהτούτωνעַד־ἕωςבָּ֑עַלβααλזֹ֚אתαὕτηוְהִתְיַחְשָׂ֖םκαὶ

8 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

1 Chronicles 4:33כֹּלand alland allכֹּלחָצֵרvillages thvillages theirחָצֵראֲשֶׁרwhichwhichאֲשֶׁרסָבִיב[were] arou[were] aroundסָבִיבעִירthe citiesthe citiesעִיראֵ֫לֶּהthesetheseאֵ֫לֶּהעַדtotoעַדבַּ֫עַלBaalBaalבַּ֫עַלזֶהthisthisזֶהמוֹשָׁב[was] dwell[was] dwelling מוֹשָׁבהִתְיַחֵשׂand recordiand recording gהִתְיַחֵשׂהֶם[belonged] [belonged] to tהֶםכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלחצצרto blowto blowחצצרסָבַבto turn: tto turn: turnסָבַבעוּרto rouseto rouseעוּראֵלthesetheseאֵליָשַׁבto dwellto dwellיָשַׁביַ֫חַשׂgenealogygenealogyיַ֫חַשׂעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדבַּעַלmastermasterבַּעַלשֶׂהשֶׂהעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהמַטָּרָהguardhouseguardhouseמַטָּרָהחִיצוֹןouterouterחִיצוֹןצָוָהto commandto commandצָוָהאֵילָםarchesarchesאֵילָםחַלּוֹןwindowwindowחַלּוֹןמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁ
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 4:33

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and all villages their which [were] around the cities these to Baal this [was] dwelling places their and recording genealogies they [belonged] to them
וְכָל־ve.khol and all H3605 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
every one of, the entirety of
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and all villages their which [were] around the cities these to Baal this [was] dwelling places their and recording genealogies they [belonged] to them
חַצְרֵיהֶ֗םchatz.rei.Hem villages their H2691 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
191× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A village in the Bible is a small settlement surrounded by walls. In Matthew 21:2, Jesus sends his disciples to a village to find a donkey, while in Mark 6:6, Jesus travels from village to village teaching.
Amplified meaning
towns, settlements
Tyndale gloss
court
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָצֵר (chatser) refers to an enclosure or court, and can also mean a settled abode, settlement, or village, typically appearing in the plural form חֲצֵרִים. The word is derived from a root meaning to enclose, indicating spaces that are surrounded by walls or fences.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָצֵר 145 n.m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court

base

[חָצֵר] 46 n.m. settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2691a חָצֵר n. m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court H2691b חָצֵר settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2691 chatser khaw-tsare'

(masculine and feminine); from 2690 in its original sense; a

yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly

surrounded with walls):--court, tower, village.

see HEBREW for 02690

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָצֵר (cha.tser) — court.

1) court, enclosure

1a) enclosures

1b) court

חָצֵר (cha.tser) — village.

settled abode, settlement, village, town

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3mp
and all villages their which [were] around the cities these to Baal this [was] dwelling places their and recording genealogies they [belonged] to them
אֲשֶׁ֧ר'a.Sher which H834 Particle
5,500× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Tyndale gloss
which
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.

base

בַאֲשֶׁר

in (that) which

adv. in (the place) where

conj. in that, inasmuch as

on account of whom?

base

מֵאֲשֶׁר

from (or than) that which

adv. from (the place) where

conj. from (the fact) that …, since

base

כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when

according to that which, according as, as

with a causal force, in so far as, since

with a temporal force, when

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which

. adv. in (the place) where

. conj. in that, inasmuch as

. on account of whom?

H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which

. adv. from (the place) where

. conj. from (the fact) that …, since

H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as

. with a causal force, in so far as, since

. with a temporal force, when

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

834 'aher ash-er'

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)

when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X

alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +

from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,

wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where

(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +

whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is

indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun

expletively, used to show the connection.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.

A: 1) (relative part.)

1a) which, who

1b) that which

2) (conj)

2a) that (in obj clause)

2b) when

2c) since

2d) as

2e) conditional if

B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

D: Kaph+

1) (conj.), according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since

1c) with a temporal force: when

בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.

1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.

1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.

conj

1) according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTr — Particle
HTr
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and all villages their which [were] around the cities these to Baal this [was] dwelling places their and recording genealogies they [belonged] to them
סְבִיב֛וֹתse.vi.Vot [were] around H5439 Noun common · both plural absolute
336× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes something that surrounds or encompasses, like a circle or neighborhood, and can also mean around or about, as in on every side. It is used to describe physical locations and proximity. The KJV translates it as about or circuit.
Tyndale gloss
around
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סָבִיב (cabiyb) primarily means 'around' and is used as a noun, adverb, and preposition. It denotes a circle, neighbors, or the surrounding area, often implying a sense of being on every side or in a circuit. The entries consistently emphasize its usage in contexts of proximity and encirclement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סָבִיב 336 subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5439 סָבִיב subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5439 cabiyb saw-beeb'

or (feminine) cbiybah {seb-ee-baw'}; from 5437; (as noun) a

circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with

or without preposition) around:--(place, round) about,

circuit, compass, on every side.

see HEBREW for 05437

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around.

: around/border

subst

1) places round about, circuit, round about

adv

2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about

prep

3) in the circuit, from every side

סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: side.

: side

subst

1) places round about, circuit, round about

adv

2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about

prep

3) in the circuit, from every side

סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: whole.

: whole

subst

1) places round about, circuit, round about

adv

2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about

prep

3) in the circuit, from every side

סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: neighours.

: neighours

subst

1) places round about, circuit, round about

adv

2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about

prep

3) in the circuit, from every side

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cp — Noun common · both plural absolute
HNcbpa
and all villages their which [were] around the cities these to Baal this [was] dwelling places their and recording genealogies they [belonged] to them
הֶעָרִ֥יםhe.'a.Rim the cities H5892 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
1,090× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word refers to a city or town, often a place with a wall or a watchman. It is used to describe a settlement or encampment, like the city of Ai, which is mentioned in the book of Joshua. The word is used to identify specific locations in the Bible.
Tyndale gloss
excitement
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage

base

עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town

city, town, abode of men

of fortress in a city

appar. fortified place, of any size

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men

. of fortress in a city

. appar. fortified place, of any size

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5892 `iyr eer

or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)

{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a

watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or

post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.

see HEBREW for 05782

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עִיר (ir) — excitement.

1) excitement, anguish

1a) of terror

עִיר (ir) — city.

1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)

1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)

1a) city, town

עִיר (ir) — City (of On).

Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)

This name means city, town

Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)

עִיר (ir) — Ir-.

#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;

son of: Tehinnah (H8468)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTd/Ncmpa — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Smith's Bible Dictionary

The earliest notice in Scripture of city-building is of Enoch by Cain, in the land of his exile. (Genesis 4:17) After the confusion of tongues the descendants of Nimrod founded Babel, Erech, Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar, and Asshur, a branch from the same stock, built Nineveh, Rehoboth-by-the-river, Calah and Resen, the last being "a great city." The earliest description of a city, properly so called, is that of Sodom, (Genesis 19:1-22) Even before the time of Abraham there were cities in Egypt, (Genesis 12:14,15; Numbers 13:22) and the Israelites, during their sojourn there, were employed in building or fortifying the "treasure cities" of Pithom and Raamses.…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Ancient Ge 4:17; 10:10-12

→ Fortified Nu 32:36; De 9:1; Jos 10:20; 14:12; 2Ch 8:5; 11:10-12; 17:2,19; 21:3; Isa 23:11

→ Gates of

See GATES

→ Designated as

Royal Jos 10:2; 1Sa 27:5; 2Sa 12:26; 1Ch 11:7

Treasure Ge 41:48; Ex 1:11;

- First mention of

Ge 4:17

- Designed for habitations

Ps 107:7,36

- Often built to perpetuate a name

Ge 11:4

- Often founded and enlarged by blood and rapine

Mic 3:10; Hab 2:12

- BUILT

. Of brick and slime

Ge 11:3

. Of stone and wood

Ps 102:14; Eze 26:12

. Of brick and mortar

Ex 1:11,14

. On solid foundations

Thompson Chain Reference topics

(1) General References to

Ge 11:4; 18:24; 41:48; Nu 13:28; De 6:10; 2Ki 13:25

Ps 55:9; Mic 5:14

(2) Fenced

Nu 32:17; De 3:5; Jos 10:20; 2Ki 18:13; 2Ch 14:6; 17:2

2Ch 19:5; 21:3; 33:14; Jer 5:17

and all villages their which [were] around the cities these to Baal this [was] dwelling places their and recording genealogies they [belonged] to them
הָאֵ֖לֶּהha.'E.leh these H428 Particle · particle
746× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is used to point out specific people or things, like saying 'these' or 'those'. It appears in the book of Genesis, where God says 'let there be light' and separates the light from the darkness.
Tyndale gloss
these
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵ֫לֶּה (el-leh) means 'these' and is used in various grammatical contexts, often in apposition to a noun with a pronoun suffix. It can appear with or without the definite article and is sometimes paired with other terms like וְאֵלֶּה (and these). The word conveys a sense of proximity or specification, referring to particular items or people.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵ֫לֶּה pr.pl.m. & f. these

in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)

repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those

with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)

with preps.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H428 אֵ֫לֶּה these . in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)

. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those

. with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)

. with preps.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

428 'el-leh ale'-leh

prolonged from 411; these or those:--an- (the) other; one

sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those,

thus, which, who(-m).

see HEBREW for 0411

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵ֫לֶּה (el.leh) — these.

1) these

1a) used before antecedent

1b) used following antecedent

Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTd/Tm — Particle · particle
HTd/Tm
and all villages their which [were] around the cities these to Baal this [was] dwelling places their and recording genealogies they [belonged] to them
עַד־'ad- to H5704 Preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and all villages their which [were] around the cities these to Baal this [was] dwelling places their and recording genealogies they [belonged] to them
בָּ֑עַלBa.'al Baal H1168 Noun proper
82× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Refers to the Phoenician deity Baal, mentioned in the books of Numbers and Judges as a false god.
Amplified meaning
until, up to, the Phoenician deity, a false god
Tyndale gloss
Baal
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּעַל (ba'al) means 'owner' or 'lord' and is notably used as a divine name for Baal, a Phoenician deity. It can refer to husbands, rulers, and inhabitants as well. The term also denotes specific individuals and locations, including a town in Simeon and men from the tribes of Benjamin and Reuben. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as 'lord'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּעַל 166 n.m. owner, lord

owner

husband

citizens, inhabitants

rulers, lords

n. of relation

Esp. lord, specif. as divine name, Baal.

base

בַּ֫עַל

n.pr.loc. city in tribe of Simeon

n.pr.m.

a Reubenite

a Gibeonite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1168 בַּ֫עַל owner, lord . . owner

. husband

. citizens, inhabitants

. rulers, lords

. n. of relation

. lord, specif. as divine name, Baal.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1168 Ba`al bah'-al

the same as 1167; Baal, a Phoenician deity:--Baal, (plural)

Baalim.

see HEBREW for 01167

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּעַל (ba.al) — Baal.

§ Baal = "lord"

esp. lord, specif. as divine name, Baal

supreme male divinity of the Phoenicians or Canaanites

בַּ֫עַל (ba.al) — Baal.

A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.8.30;

son of: Abiel (H0022) and Maacah (H4601N);

brother of: Kish (H7027), Ner (H5369), Abdon (H5658J), Zur (H6698I), Nadab (H5070J), Gedor (H1446I), Ahio (H0283I), Zecher (H2144) and Mikloth (H4732)

§ Baal = "lord"

בַּ֫עַל (ba.al) — Baal.

A man of the tribe of Reuben living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.5.5;

son of: Reaiah (H7211);

father of: Beerah (H0880)

§ Baal = "lord"

בַּ֫עַל (ba.al) — Baal.

Baal = "lord"

a town of Simeon, probably identical to Baalath-beer

Another name of ba.a.lat be.er (בַּעֲלַת בְּאֵר "Baalath-beer" H1192)

בַּעַל (ba.al) — (Bamoth)-baal.

Baal = "lord"

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Baal

Lord. (1.) The name appropriated to the principal male god of the Phoenicians. It is found in several places in the plural BAALIM (Judg. 2:11; 10:10; 1 Kings 18:18; Jer. 2:23; Hos. 2:17). Baal is identified with Molech (Jer. 19:5). It was known to the Israelites as Baal-peor (Num. 25:3; Deut. 4:3), was worshipped till the time of Samuel (1 Sam 7:4), and was afterwards the religion of the ten tribes in the time of Ahab (

geographical. This word occurs as the prefix or suffix to the names of several places in Palestine, some of which are as follows: BAAL a town of Simeon, named only in (1 Chronicles 4:33) which from the parallel list in (Joshua 19:8) seems to have been identical with BAALATH-BEER. BAALAH (mistress). A. Another name for KIRJATH-JEARIM, or KIRJATH BAAL, the well-known town now Kuriet el Enab . (Joshua 15:9,10; 1 Chronicles 13:6) b. A town in the south of Judah, (Joshua 15:29) which in Josh 19:3 Is called BALAH, and in the parallel list, (

Lord,

1. In the Old Testament denotes an idol of the Phoenicians, and particularly of the Tyrians, whose worship was also introduced with great solemnities among the Hebrews, and especially at Samaria, along with that of Astarte, Jud 6:25-32 2Ki 10:18,28. See ASHTORETH, plural ASH’TAROTH. The plural, Baalim, signifies images or statues of Baal, Jud 2:11 10:10. Of the extent to which the worship of this idol was domesticated among the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, we have an evidence in the proper names of persons; as, among the former, Ethbaal, Jerubbaal; and among the latter, Hannibal, Asdrubal, etc. Among the Babylonians, the same idol was worshipped under the name of BEL, which is only another form of the word Baal,

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

master; lord

and all villages their which [were] around the cities these to Baal this [was] dwelling places their and recording genealogies they [belonged] to them
זֹ֚אתzot this H2063 Particle
604× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means this or that, often used to point out something specific. It appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
these specific ones, they
Tyndale gloss
this
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זֹאת (zot) is a demonstrative pronoun and adverb meaning 'this' or 'here.' It can stand alone or be used in apposition to a noun, often serving as a predicate. The word can also attach enclitically to interrogative pronouns to add emphasis. In poetry, it may function as a relative pronoun, though this is rare.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

זֶה demonstr.pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here

standing alone

In appos. to subst.

More oft. as pred.

It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.

In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)

With prefixes (in special senses)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2063 זֶה demonstr. pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here . standing alone

. In appos. to subst.

. More oft. as pred.

. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.

. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)

. With prefixes (in special senses)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2063 zo'th zothe'

irregular feminine of 2089; this (often used adverb):--

hereby (-in, -with), it, likewise, the one (other, same), she,

so (much), such (deed), that, therefore, these, this (thing),

thus.

see HEBREW for 02089

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זֹאת (zot) — this.

1) this, this one, here, which, this...that, the one...the other, such

1a) (alone)

1a1) this one

1a2) this...that, the one...the other, another

1b) (appos to subst)

1b1) this

1c) (as predicate)

1c1) this, such

1d) (enclitically)

1d1) then

1d2) who, whom

1d3) how now, what now

1d4) what now

1d5) wherefore now

1d6) behold here

1d7) just now

1d8) now, now already

1e) (poetry)

1e1) wherein, which, those who

1f) (with prefixes)

1f1) in this (place) here, then

1f2) on these conditions, herewith, thus provided, by, through this, for this cause, in this matter

1f3) thus and thus

1f4) as follows, things such as these, accordingly, to that effect, in like manner, thus and thus

1f5) from here, hence, on one side...on the other side

1f6) on this account

1f7) in spite of this, which, whence, how

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Particle
HTm
and all villages their which [were] around the cities these to Baal this [was] dwelling places their and recording genealogies they [belonged] to them
מוֹשְׁבֹתָ֔םmo.she.vo.Tam [was] dwelling places their H4186 Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
44× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A seat can refer to a physical place of sitting or a gathering of people, like an assembly. It can also mean a dwelling place or location, and is sometimes used to describe a group of people living together.
Amplified meaning
habitats, dwelling places
Tyndale gloss
seat
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מוֹשָׁב (mowshab) refers to a seat or dwelling-place, encompassing meanings such as assembly, location, and the act of dwelling. It can denote both a physical site and an abstract concept of a session or time of dwelling. The word suggests a community of dwellers or those who sit together.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מוֹשָׁב n.m. seat, assembly, dwelling-place, dwelling, dwellers

seat

sitting = those sitting, sitting company or assembly

dwelling-place of people, tribe, etc.

alm. = abstr. dwelling

= house

situation of city; location of image

time of dwelling

coll. = those dwelling

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4186 מוֹשָׁב seat, assembly, dwelling-place, dwelling, dwellers . . seat

. sitting = those sitting, sitting company or assembly

. . dwelling-place of people, tribe, etc.

. alm. = abstr. dwelling

. = house

. situation of city; location of image

. time of dwelling

. coll. = those dwelling

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4186 mowshab mo-shawb'

or moshab {mo-shawb'}; from 3427; a seat; figuratively, a

site; abstractly, a session; by extension an abode (the place

or the time); by implication, population:--assembly, dwell

in, dwelling(-place), wherein (that) dwelt (in), inhabited

place, seat, sitting, situation, sojourning.

see HEBREW for 03427

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מוֹשָׁב (mo.shav) — seat.

1) seat, assembly, dwelling-place, dwelling, dwellers

1a) seat, sitting, those sitting, sitting company or assembly

1b) dwelling place, dwelling

1c) situation, location

1d) time of dwelling

1e) those dwelling, dweller

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HNcfpc/Sp3mp
and all villages their which [were] around the cities these to Baal this [was] dwelling places their and recording genealogies they [belonged] to them
וְהִתְיַחְשָׂ֖םve.hit.yach.Sam and recording genealogies they H3187 Conjunction · verb hithpael infinitive construct common · suffix
18× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To enroll means to officially record or list someone's name, often for genealogical purposes. This word is used to describe the process of reckoning or numbering people in a family tree or genealogy.
Amplified meaning
maintained, preserved, their family history, a declaration of their lineage
Tyndale gloss
to enroll
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הִתְיַחֵשׂ (hityaches) is a verb in the Hithpael form, meaning to enroll oneself or be enrolled by genealogy. It is derived from the root יָחַשׂ (yachas), which relates to genealogical reckoning. The entries emphasize its use in contexts involving genealogies, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[הִתְיַחֵשׂ] vb. Hithp. denom. enroll oneself or be enrolled by genealogy

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3187 הִתְיַחֵשׂ vb. Hithp. denom. enroll oneself or be enrolled by genealogy

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3187 yachas yaw-khas'

a primitive root; to sprout; used only as denominative from

3188; to enroll by pedigree:--(number after, number throughout

the) genealogy (to be reckoned), be reckoned by genealogies.

see HEBREW for 03188

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָחַשׂ (ya.cha.s) — to enroll.

(Hithpael) to reckon genealogically, enrol on a genealogy, enrol, be enrolled

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hithpael-Inf-a | Suff — Conjunction · verb hithpael infinitive construct common · suffix
HC/Vtcc/Sp3mp
and all villages their which [were] around the cities these to Baal this [was] dwelling places their and recording genealogies they [belonged] to them
לָהֶֽם׃la.Hem [belonged] to them H9038 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֶם (hem) — them.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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