2 Samuel 12:26 — Word Study
WLCוַיִּלָּ֣חֶם יוֹאָ֔ב בְּרַבַּ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וַיִּלְכֹּ֖ד אֶת־ עִ֥יר הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃
BSAMeanwhile, JoabYôwʼâb [Jehovah is father, King David's nephew] foughtlâcham▸ [to battle against, consume with warfare] against RabbahRabbâh [great, a city in Palestine] of the Ammonitesbên [descendants of Lot, a Transjordan nation] and capturedlâkad▸ [to seize, take control of] the royalmᵉlûwkâh [king's, related to kingship] fortressʻîyr [city, a place with a wall or watchman]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם | and he fought | Verb, Niphal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| יוֹאָ֔ב | Joab | Noun proper masculine |
| בְּרַבַּ֖ת | against Rabbah of | Preposition |
| בְּנֵ֣י | [the] people of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| עַמּ֑וֹן | Ammon | Noun proper masculine |
| וַיִּלְכֹּ֖ד | and he captured | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| עִ֥יר | [the] city of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃ | royalty | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Meanwhile, Joab fought against Rabbah of the Ammonites and captured the royal fortress. |
| KJV | ¶ And Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city. |
| ASV | Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city. |
| YLT | And Joab fighteth against Rabbah of the Bene-Ammon, and captureth the royal city, |
| WEB | Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city. |
| BBE | Now Joab was fighting against Rabbah, in the land of the children of Ammon, and he took the water-town. |
Where they part company is לָחַם — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence structure is straightforward, with a main clause followed by a subordinate verb phrase detailing Joab's actions.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectיוֹאָב
verbלָחַם
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 2 Samuel 12:26
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Siege of Rabbahgenerated
2 Samuel 12:26 recounts Joab's military campaign against Rabbah, a significant city of the Ammonites. This event highlights Joab's role as a commander under King David, showcasing the ongoing conflicts faced by Israel during this period. The capture of the royal fortress signifies a pivotal moment in the struggle for dominance in the region, as seen in the context of surrounding verses that detail the aftermath of this victory.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Samuel 11:25 | Then David told the messenger, “Say this to Joab: ‘Do not let this matter upset you, for the sword devours one as well as another. Strengthen your attack against the city and demolish it.’ Encourage him with these words.” |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 20:1 | In the spring, at the time when kings march out to war, Joab led out the army and ravaged the land of the Ammonites. He came to Rabbah and besieged it, but David remained in Jerusalem. And Joab attacked Rabbah and demolished it. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — לָחַם, vai.yi.La.chemgenerated
The verb לָחַם (lacham) is a Niphal form meaning 'to fight' or 'to do battle.' It conveys the act of engaging in combat, often implying a fierce struggle. The root of this word can also mean 'to consume,' which reflects the intensity of warfare as a consuming force.
In this verse, it signifies Joab's active engagement in battle against the Ammonites, emphasizing the military aspect of his role. The use of this verb indicates not just a physical confrontation but also the broader implications of conflict within the historical narrative of Israel.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb יִּלָּ֣חֶם (he fought) governs the sentence, with two phrases attached: a prepositional phrase indicating the target of the battle and a second verb phrase describing the action of capturing. The structure emphasizes Joab's active role in the conflict.
The Hebrew word order places the subject, Joab, prominently at the beginning, establishing him as the focus of the action. The sequential imperfect tense indicates ongoing action, suggesting a continuous struggle.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates לָחַם as ἐπολέμησεν (epolēmēsen), which means 'to wage war.' This choice reflects a direct engagement in battle, aligning closely with the Hebrew meaning but emphasizing the warfare aspect more explicitly.
The translation of בְּרַבַּ֖ת as ραββαθ indicates a consistent recognition of Rabbah as a significant location, maintaining its importance in the narrative.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
2 Samuel 12:26 describes Joab fighting against the city of Rabbah, which belonged to the Ammonites. He successfully captured the royal fortress, marking a significant victory for Israel. This event illustrates Joab's role as a military leader during King David's reign.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Joab was the nephew of King David and served as his military commander, playing a crucial role in many battles throughout David's reign.
Rabbah was the capital city of the Ammonites, known for its significance in the conflicts between Israel and the Ammonites.
The term 'royal fortress' refers to a fortified city that serves as a stronghold for the king, indicating its importance in military strategy.
Joab's actions demonstrate the importance of leadership and strategy in military conflicts, as well as the ongoing struggles faced by Israel during this period.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does Joab's military leadership reflect on King David's reign?
- What are the implications of capturing a city like Rabbah for Israel?
- In what ways does this verse illustrate the ongoing conflicts in the region?
- How can we apply the lessons of leadership and strategy from Joab's actions to our own lives?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 2 Samuel 12:26 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon,.... Of his being sent against it, and of his besieging it, we read in 2 Samuel 11:1; but it can hardly be thought that he had been so long
Read John Gill on 2 Samuel 12 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city. Joab fought against Rabbah.
Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Samuel 12 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Biblei.e. That part of the city where was the king’ s palace, where he ordinarily resided; though now it seems he was retired to a strong fort.
Read Matthew Poole on 2 Samuel 12 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments2 Samuel 12:26 And Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.Ver. 26. And took the royal city.] He had well nigh taken it after a twelve month’ s siege. David’ s sin at home had hindered Joab’ s good success abroad, and retarded the conquest of this city of Rabbah, which now is ready to be taken, that David reconciled to God may have the honour of it: whom therefore Joab desireth to speed away with fresh forces.
Read John Trapp on 2 Samuel 12 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(26) Took the royal city.—The parallel narrative is resumed at this point in 1 Chronicles 20:2. Rabbah was situated in the narrow valley of the upper Jabbok, on both sides of the stream, but with its citadel on the cliff on the northern side. The “royal city” of this verse, and “the city of waters” of the next, refer probably to the city proper, while the “city” of 2 Samuel 12:28-29 is no doubt the citadel, which was more strongly fortified.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Samuel 12 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 26. And took the royal city.] How can this be, when Joab sent to David to come to take the city, in consequence of which David did come and take that city? The explanation seems to be this: Rabbah was composed of a city and citadel; the former, in which was the king's residence, Joab had taken, and supposed he could soon render himself master of the latter, and therefore sends to David to come and take it, lest, he taking the whole, the city should be called after his name.
Read AdamClarke on 2 Samuel 12 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges26–31. Capture of Rabbah = 1 Chronicles 20:1-3
Read Cambridge on 2 Samuel 12 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleOF RABBAH, 2 Samuel 12:26-30. 89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d4948445200000338000002660803000000a7a1d58300000300504c5445000000fffffffefefe
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 2 Samuel 12 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Meanwhile, Joab fought against Rabbah of the Ammonites and captured the royal fortress.
Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.
Meanwhile, Joab fought against Rabbah of the Ammonites and captured the royal fortress.
So Joab fought against Rabbah of the Ammonites and captured the royal city.
Tyndale line
¶ And Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.
Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.
Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.
And Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.
Then Ioab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and tooke the citie of the kingdome.
Strictly literal
And Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.
And Joab fighteth against Rabbah of the Bene-Ammon, and captureth the royal city,
And Joab fights against Rabbah of the sons of Ammon, and captures the royal city,
And Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of 'Ammon, and captured the royal city.
Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the Ammonites, and he captured the royal city.
From the Latin
And Joab fought against Rabbath of the children of Ammon, and laid close siege to the royal city.
Simplified
At this time Joab had been fighting against the Ammonite town of Rabbah, and had captured the royal fortress.
Now Joab was fighting against Rabbah, in the land of the children of Ammon, and he took the water-town.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads: וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם יוֹאָ֔ב בְּרַבַּ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וַיִּלְכֹּ֖ד אֶת־ עִ֥יר הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃. The Septuagint closely matches this text, with only minor differences in word order, confirming the consistency of the narrative across these ancient witnesses.
וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם יוֹאָ֔ב בְּרַבַּ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וַיִּלְכֹּ֖ד אֶת־ עִ֥יר הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃
8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 2 Samuel 12:26
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word לָחַם (lacham) has two primary meanings: to fight or do battle, and to eat or use as food. It is a primitive root that conveys both the act of engaging in combat and the act of consuming food. The entries indicate that the word can imply destruction in the context of battle.
[לָחַם] 171 vb. fight, do battle
Qal fight, do battle
Niph. engage in battle (recipr.), sometimes wage war
base
[לָחַם] vb. use as food, eat
base
H3898a לָחַם fight, do battle .fight, do battle
. engage in battle (recipr.), sometimes wage war
H3898b לָחַם use as food, eat
3898 lacham law-kham'
a primitive root; to feed on; figuratively, to consume; by
implication, to battle (as destruction):--devour, eat, X ever,
fight(-ing), overcome, prevail, (make) war(-ring).
לָחַם (la.cham) — to fight.
1) to fight, do battle, make war
1a) (Qal) to fight, do battle
1b) (Niphal) to engage in battle, wage war
לָחַם (la.cham) — to feed on.
(Qal) to eat, use as food
Conj | V-Niphal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Niphal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/VNw3ms
יוֹאָב (Yow'ab) means 'Jehovah is father' and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, primarily Joab, the nephew of King David and commander of his army. The name is built from elements meaning 'Jehovah' and 'father.' Joab is first mentioned in 1 Samuel 26:6, and other references include genealogical mentions during and after the exile.
יוֹאָב n.pr.m. (י׳ is father)
David’s sister’s son & captain of host
a descendant of Judah
a family-name after exile
base
H3097 יוֹאָב
3097 Yow'ab yo-awb'
from 3068 and 1; Jehovah-fathered; Joab, the name of three
Israelites:--Joab.
see HEBREW for 03068
see HEBREW for 01
יוֹאָב (yo.av) — Joab.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.26.6; his mother was Zeruiah (H6870);
brother of: Abishai (H0052) and Asahel (H6214)
§ Joab = "Jehovah is father"
1) son of David's sister Zeruiah and general of David's army
2) a Judaite descendant of Kenaz
3) a post exilic family
יוֹאָב (yo.av) — Joab.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.14;
son of: Seraiah (H8304J)
§ Joab = "Jehovah is father"
1) son of David's sister Zeruiah and general of David's army
2) a Judaite descendant of Kenaz
3) a post exilic family
יוֹאָב (yo.av) — Joab.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.6;
son of: Pahath-moab (H6355);
brother of: Jeshua (H3442I)
§ Joab = "Jehovah is father"
1) son of David's sister Zeruiah and general of David's army
2) a Judaite descendant of Kenaz
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
jo'-ab (yo'-abh, "Yahweh is father"; Ioab):
(1) Son of Zeruiah, David's sister. He was "captain of the host" (compare 2Sa 19:13) under David.
1. Joab and Abner:
(a) Joab is first introduced in the narrative of the war with Abner, who supported the claims of Ishbosheth to the throne against those of David (2Sa 2:8-3:1). The two armies met, and on Abner's suggestion a tournament took place between 12 men from each side; a general engagement follows, and in this Joab's army is victorious. Asahel, Joab's brother, is killed in his pursuit of Abner, but the latter's army is sorely pressed, and he appeals to Joab for a cessation of hostilities. Joab calls a halt, but declares that he would not cease had Abner not made his plea.
Joab
Jehovah is his father. (1.) One of the three sons of Zeruiah, David’s sister, and “captain of the host” during the whole of David’s reign (2 Sam. 2:13; 10:7; 11:1; 1 Kings 11:15). His father’s name is nowhere mentioned, although his sepulchre at Bethlehem is mentioned (2 Sam. 2:32). His two brothers were Abishai and Asahel, the swift of foot, who was killed by Abner (2 Sam. 2:13-32), whom Joab afterwards treacherously murdered (3:22-27). He afterwards led the assault at the storming of the fortress on Mount Zion, and for this service was raised to the rank of “prince of the king’s army” (2 Sam. 5:6-10;
(whose father is Jehovah), the most remarkable of the three nephews of David, the children of Zeruiah, David’s sister. (B.C. 1053-1012.) Joab first appears after David’s accession to the throne at Hebron. Abner slew in battle Asahel, the youngest brother of Joab; and when David afterward received Abner into favor, Joab treacherously murdered him. [ABNER] There was now no rival left in the way of Joab’s advancement, and at the siege of Jebus he was appointed for his prowess commander-in-chief --"captain of the host." In the wide range of wars which David undertook, Joab was the acting general. He was called by the almost regal title of "lord," (2 Samuel 11:11) "the prince of the king’s army." (1 Chronicles 27:34) In the entangled relations which grew up in David’s domestic life…
Son of Zeruiah, David’s sister, and brother of Abishai and Asahel, was the commander of David’s army during almost the whole of his reign, 2Sa 5:6-10. He was a valiant warrior, and an able general; and his great influence on public affairs was often exerted for good, as in the rebellion of Absalom, and the numbering of Israel, 2Sa 18:1-19:42 24:1-25. But as a man he was imperious, revengeful, and unscrupulous: witness his treacherous assassination of Abner, and of his cousin Amasa, 2Sa 3:27 20:9-10; his bearing towards David, 2Sa 3:39 19:5, and connivance with him in the matter of Uriah; his slaying Absalom, and conspiring with Adonijah against the divinely appointed heir to…
רַבָּה (Rabba) primarily means 'great' or 'populous' and refers to a city, specifically the capital of the Ammonites located east of the Jordan River. It is also noted as a city in Judah. The word is feminine and derives from another Hebrew term indicating greatness.
רַבָּה n.pr.loc. Rabba (prop. great or populous, sc. city)
capital of Ammonites
city in Judah
base
H7237 רַבָּה Rabba (prop. great or populous, sc. city)
7237 Rabbah rab-baw'
feminine of 7227; great; Rabbah, the name of two places in
Palestine, East and West:--Rabbah, Rabbath.
see HEBREW for 07227
רַבָּה (rab.bah) — Rabbah.
Rabbath = "great"
the capital city of the Ammonites located east of the Jordan
Another name of am.mon (עַמּוֹן "Ammon" H5983)
Prep | N-proper — PrepositionHR/Aafsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עַמּוֹן (Ammon) refers to a people descended from Lot, specifically through his son Ben-ammi. The term is associated with the Ammonites and their territory in Transjordan. It is derived from a root meaning 'tribal' or 'inbred.' The entries consistently identify Ammon as both a person and a group.
עַמּוֹן 106 n.pr.gent. Ammon
base
H5983 עַמּוֹן Ammon
5983 `Ammown am-mone'
from 5971; tribal, i.e. inbred; Ammon, a son of Lot; also his
posterity and their country:--Ammon, Ammonites.
see HEBREW for 05971
עַמּוֹן (am.mon) — Ammon.
§ Ammon = "tribal"
a people dwelling in Transjordan descended from Lot through Ben-ammi
HNpm — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Ammon
Another form of the name Ben-ammi, the son of Lot (Gen. 19:38). This name is also used for his posterity (Ps. 83:7).
(sons of renown, mountaineers), Am’monites, Children of Ammon, A people descended from Ben-ammi, the son of Lot by his younger daughter. (Genesis 19:38) comp Psal 83:7,8 The Ammonites are frequently mentioned with the Moabites (descendants of Ben-ammi’s half-brother), and sometimes under the same name. Comp. (Judges 10:6; 2 Chronicles 20:1; Zephaniah 2:8) etc. The precise position of the territory of the Ammonites is not ascertainable. In the earliest mention of them, (2:20) they are said to have dwelt in their place, Jabbok being their border. (Numbers 21:24; 2:37; 3:16) (i.e. Land or country is, however, but rarely…
a people; the son of my people
→ See BEN-AMMI
לָכַד (lakad) means to capture, seize, or take, often by lot. It can refer to catching in a net or trap, as well as figuratively to describe things sticking together. The verb appears in various forms, including Qal (to capture), Niphal (to be captured), and Hithpael (to grasp each other).
לָכַד 121 vb. capture, seize, take (by lot)
Qal
capture, seize
fig. of entrapping men
of taking by lot
Niph.
be captured in war
of men, be caught
be taken by lot
Hithp. they grasp each other, and cannot be separated
base
H3920 לָכַד capture, seize, take (by lot)
3920 lakad law-kad'
a primitive root; to catch (in a net, trap or pit);
generally, to capture or occupy; also to choose (by lot);
figuratively, to cohere:--X at all, catch (self), be frozen,
be holden, stick together, take.
לָכַד (la.khad) — to capture.
1) to capture, take, seize
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to capture, seize
1a2) to capture (of men) (fig.)
1a3) to take (by lot)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be captured
1b2) to be caught (of men in trap, snare) (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael) to grasp each other
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.
עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage
base
עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town
city, town, abode of men
of fortress in a city
appar. fortified place, of any size
base
H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men
. of fortress in a city
. appar. fortified place, of any size
5892 `iyr eer
or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)
{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a
watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or
post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִיר (ir) — excitement.
1) excitement, anguish
1a) of terror
עִיר (ir) — city.
1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town
עִיר (ir) — City (of On).
Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)
This name means city, town
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
עִיר (ir) — Ir-.
#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;
son of: Tehinnah (H8468)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מְלוּכָה (mluḵāh) refers to kingship or royalty and is derived from a feminine passive participle of the root word for ruling. It encompasses concepts related to a realm or kingly office, as noted in various lexicons.
מְלוּכָה n.f. kingship, royalty
base
H4410 מְלוּכָה kingship, royalty
4410 mluwkah mel-oo-kaw'
feminine passive participle of 4427; something ruled, i.e. a
realm:--kingsom, king's, X royal.
see HEBREW for 04427
מְלוּכָה (me.lu.khah) — kingship.
kingship, royalty, kingly office
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa