1 Kings 7:24 — Word Study
WLCוּפְקָעִים֩ מִתַּ֨חַת לִשְׂפָת֤וֹ׀ סָבִיב֙ סֹבְבִ֣ים אֹת֔וֹ עֶ֚שֶׂר בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה מַקִּפִ֥ים אֶת־ הַיָּ֖ם סָבִ֑יב שְׁנֵ֤י טוּרִים֙ הַפְּקָעִ֔ים יְצֻקִ֖ים בִּיצֻקָתֽוֹ׃
BSABelowtachath the rimsâphâh [under the edge, underneath] ◂ornamental budspeqaʻ [knops, gourds, decorative knobs] ◂encircledçâbîyb itʼêth tenʻeser [a decade, ten cubits] per cubitʼammâh [a unit of measurement, about the length of a forearm] all the waynâqaph ◂aroundçâbîyb the Seayâm [the large body of water] castyâtsaq [poured, molded] in twoshᵉnayim [a pair, dual] rowsṭûwr [a line of objects, a sequence] as a part of [the Sea]yᵉtsuqâh [an integral component, a unified whole]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּפְקָעִים֩ | and gourds | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| מִתַּ֨חַת | [were] from under | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| לִשְׂפָת֤וֹ׀ | to lip its | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| סָבִיב֙ | all around | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| סֹבְבִ֣ים | [they were] surrounding | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural |
| אֹת֔וֹ | the object marker it | Particle, suffix |
| עֶ֚שֶׂר | ten | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה | by the cubit | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| מַקִּפִ֥ים | [they were] surrounding | Verb, Hiphil, participle (active) masculine plural |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| הַיָּ֖ם | the sea | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| סָבִ֑יב | all around | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| שְׁנֵ֤י | [were] two | Noun common, both dual construct |
| טוּרִים֙ | rows | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| הַפְּקָעִ֔ים | the gourds | Particle, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| יְצֻקִ֖ים | [they were] cast | Verb, Qal, participle (passive) masculine plural |
| בִּיצֻקָתֽוֹ׃ | in casting its | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Below the rim, ornamental buds encircled it, ten per cubit all the way around the Sea, cast in two rows as a part of the Sea. |
| KJV | And under the brim of it round about there were knops compassing it, ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about: the knops were cast in two rows, when it was cast. |
| ASV | And under the brim of it round about there were knops which did compass it, for ten cubits, compassing the sea round about: the knops were in two rows, cast when it was cast. |
| YLT | and knops beneath its brim round about are compassing it, ten by the cubit, going round the sea round about; in two rows [are] the knops, cast in its being cast. |
| WEB | Under its brim around there were buds which encircled it for ten cubits, encircling the sea. The buds were in two rows, cast when it was cast. |
| BBE | And under the edge of it, circling it all round for ten cubits, were two lines of flower buds, made together with it from liquid metal. |
Where they part company is עֶשֶׂר — see How Translations Differ.
The structure consists of a main clause followed by several phrases that describe the location, arrangement, and characteristics of the decorative features.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectפֶּקָעִים
verbסָבַב
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Kings 7:24
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Construction of the Sea in the Templegenerated
1 Kings 7:24 describes the Sea, a large basin in Solomon's Temple, highlighting its decorative features. The verse emphasizes the ornamental buds that encircled the Sea, detailing their arrangement and significance in the overall design of the Temple's furnishings. This reflects the attention to artistry and detail in the construction of sacred spaces, as seen in other verses like 1 Kings 6:18 and Exodus 25:31-36.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Kings 6:18 | The cedar paneling inside the temple was carved with gourds and open flowers. Everything was cedar; not a stone could be seen. |
| 2 | Exodus 25:31–36 | Then you are to make a lampstand of pure, hammered gold. It shall be made of one piece, including its base and shaft, its cups, and its buds and petals. |
| 3 | Exodus 37:17–22 | Then he made the lampstand out of pure hammered gold, all of one piece: its base and shaft, its cups, and its buds and petals. |
| 4 | 2 Chronicles 4:3 | Below the rim, figures of oxen encircled it, ten per cubit all the way around the Sea, cast in two rows as a part of the Sea. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — פְּקָעִים, peqa'Imgenerated
The word פְּקָעִים, transliterated as peqa'Im, refers to ornamental architectural features, specifically decorative knobs or gourds. It is derived from a root meaning 'to burst,' indicating a shape that is bulbous or rounded, often used in the context of design elements in sacred architecture.
In this verse, the gourds serve not only as decoration but also as a representation of the craftsmanship involved in the Temple's construction. Their presence enhances the visual appeal of the Sea, making it a significant feature of the Temple's furnishings.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses gourds to translate פְּקָעִים. The KJV also uses gourds, maintaining consistency in this translation choice.
Where translations differ is in the rendering of the number עֶשֶׂר — 'ten' is used by the BSB, KJV, and others, while the ASV and WEB specify ten cubits. This reflects a difference in emphasis on measurement versus quantity.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb in this verse is סֹבְבִ֣ים, [they were] surrounding, which governs the description of the ornamental features. The structure includes several prepositional phrases detailing the position and arrangement of the gourds relative to the Sea.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the decorative elements, with the subject פְּקָעִים appearing early in the sentence, highlighting their importance in the overall description.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates פְּקָעִים as ὑποστηρίγματα, which means 'supports' or 'props.' This choice suggests a slightly different interpretation, focusing on the structural aspect of the decorative elements rather than purely their ornamental function.
This translation indicates that the Greek translators may have viewed these features as integral to the Sea's stability and design, rather than just decorative.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Kings 7:24 describes the ornamental design of the Sea in Solomon's Temple. It mentions that below the rim, decorative knobs encircled the Sea, arranged in two rows, with ten per cubit. This highlights the artistry and craftsmanship involved in the Temple's furnishings.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The ornamental buds, referred to as פְּקָעִים, are decorative features that encircle the Sea, enhancing its visual appeal and indicating the craftsmanship of the Temple's construction.
The Sea was made of cast metal and was designed to be circular, with specific measurements given in the surrounding verses, emphasizing its significance in the Temple.
The number ten, represented by עֶשֶׂר, indicates the arrangement of the decorative buds, with ten per cubit, reflecting a systematic and intentional design in the Temple's furnishings.
The decorative features not only enhance the aesthetic quality of the Sea but also reflect the importance of beauty and craftsmanship in sacred spaces, as seen throughout the descriptions of the Temple.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What do the decorative features of the Sea teach us about the importance of beauty in sacred spaces?
- How can we appreciate the craftsmanship involved in creating places of worship in our communities?
- In what ways does the number ten in this verse symbolize completeness or order in biblical contexts?
- How does understanding the details of the Temple's construction deepen our appreciation for its significance?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Bede comments on the ornamental features of the Sea, noting their significance in the context of the Temple's construction.
“And a carved work under its brim surrounded it, encircling the sea for ten cubits. There were two rows cast of chamfered sculptures.” Since it has been said above that a line of thirty cubits encircled the sea and it is now added that…Early Church Fathers on 1 Kings 7 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Kings 7:24 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd under the brim of it round about there were knops compassing it,.... Of an oval form, and therefore the Targum calls them figures of eggs; in 2 Chronicles 4:3 they are said to have the similitude
Read John Gill on 1 Kings 7 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd under the brim of it round about there were knops compassing it, ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about: the knops were cast in two rows, when it was cast. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Kings 7 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleKnops; or, carved or molten figures; for learned Hebricians note, that this word signifies the figures or pictures of all sorts, as flowers, beasts, &c. This general word is particularly explained of oxen, , unless there were so many figures, or sculptures of gourds, or other flowers; and in each of these a little ox’ s head. Ten in a cubit; so there were three hundred in all. The knops were cast together with the sea, not carved. In two rows: it seems doubtful whether the second row had ten in each cubit, and so there were three hundred more; or whether the ten were distributed into five in each row.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Kings 7 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Kings 7:24 And under the brim of it round about [there were] knops compassing it, ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about: the knops [were] cast in two rows, when it was cast.Ver. 24. Ten in a cubit.] Three hundred knops under the lily work, on the brim of the sea.
Read John Trapp on 1 Kings 7 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(13-50) The exceedingly graphic and elaborate description of the work of Hiram on the vessels and furniture of the Temple, and on the great pillars, bears on the very face of it the most evident marks of historical accuracy and of the use of contemporary documents, and it has, moreover, great antiquarian interest. Looked at in itself, it shows that the Temple (like many other buildings in the comparative infancy of architecture) depended for its effect, not so much on size or proportion, as on rich material, elaborate decoration, and costly furniture, on which all the resources both of treasure and art were lavished. But besides this, the sense of the especial sacredness attached to all the…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Kings 7 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges24. knops] The word is that which occurs in 1 Kings 6:18, and the knops were probably of a gourd-shape. See note there. The description in 2 Chronicles (1 Kings 4:3) says that oxen and not knops were the ornaments. ten in a cubit] This would make the number of knops to be 300. But the R.V. renders for ten cubits. And so the words are rendered in 1 Kings 6:26. But the A. V. must give the true sense. Otherwise why is it said that the sea was encompassed by these knops? when it was cast] i.e. They were of the same piece with the whole rim, and not attached afterwards like some of the ornaments of the pillars.
Read Cambridge on 1 Kings 7 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleKnops - literally, “gourds,” - i. e. a boss or ball ornament encircled the rim of the bowl in two rows.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Kings 7 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible24. Knops… in two rows — Egg-shaped representations of the wild gourd or cucumber, as in 1 Kings 6:18, compassing the laver in a double row at the upper part.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Kings 7 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Below the rim, ornamental buds encircled it, ten per cubit all the way around the Sea, cast in two rows as a part of the Sea.
Under its brim around there were buds which encircled it for ten cubits, encircling the sea. The buds were in two rows, cast when it was cast.
Below the rim, ornamental buds encircled it, ten per cubit all the way around the Sea, cast in two rows as a part of the Sea.
Under the rim all the way around it were round ornaments arranged in settings 15 feet long. The ornaments were in two rows and had been cast with “The Sea.”
Tyndale line
And under the brim of it round about there were knops compassing it, ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about: the knops were cast in two rows, when it was cast.
And under the brim of it round about there were knops which did compass it, for ten cubits, compassing the sea round about: the knops were in two rows, cast when it was cast.
And under the brim of it round about there were knops which did compass it, for ten cubits, compassing the sea round about: the knops were in two rows, cast when it was cast.
And under the brim of it around there were knobs compassing it, ten in a cubit, compassing the sea around: the knobs were cast in two rows, when it was cast.
And vnder the brimme of it were knoppes like wilde cucumers compassing it round about, ten in one cubite, compassing the sea round about: and the two rowes of knoppes were cast, when it was molten.
Strictly literal
And under the brim of it round about there were colocynths, encompassing it, ten in a cubit enclosing the sea round about; two rows of colocynths, cast when it was cast.
and knops beneath its brim round about are compassing it, ten by the cubit, going round the sea round about; in two rows [are] the knops, cast in its being cast.
and knobs beneath its brim around are going around it, ten by the cubit, going around the sea; the knobs [are] in two rows, cast in its being cast.
And colocynth-shaped knobs were under its brim round about encompassing it, ten in a cubit, encircling the sea round about: the colocynths were in two rows, and were cast [with it] when it was cast.
Under the brim encircling the sea were gourds, ten in each cubit, cast in one piece with “The Sea,” when that basin was cast.
From the Latin
And a graven work under the brim of it compassed it, for ten cubits going about the sea: there were two rows cast of chamfered sculptures.
Simplified
Below the edge it was decorated with ornamental gourds that encircled it, ten per cubit all the way around. They were in two rows cast as one piece with the Sea.
And under the edge of it, circling it all round for ten cubits, were two lines of flower buds, made together with it from liquid metal.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the content of this verse, with 14 out of 17 words matched. However, the Septuagint's word order and choice of terms reflect its own interpretative framework.
וּפְקָעִים֩ מִתַּ֨חַת לִשְׂפָת֤וֹ׀ סָבִיב֙ סֹבְבִ֣ים אֹת֔וֹ עֶ֚שֶׂר בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה מַקִּפִ֥ים אֶת־ הַיָּ֖ם סָבִ֑יב שְׁנֵ֤י טוּרִים֙ הַפְּקָעִ֔ים יְצֻקִ֖ים בִּיצֻקָתֽוֹ׃
14 of the 17 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Kings 7:24
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
פֶּקָעִים, transliterated as peqa`, refers to ornamental architectural features, specifically carved wood or metal items that are ball-, knob-, or gourd-shaped. The term is derived from an unused root meaning 'to burst' and is primarily used in a decorative context, as noted in various lexicons.
פֶּקָעִים n.m. pl. carved wood or metal ornaments, either ball-, knob-shaped or gourd-shaped
base
H6497 פֶּקָעִים, פֶּקַע
6497 peqa` peh'-kah
from an unused root meaning to burst; only used as an
architectural term of an ornament similar to 6498, a
semi-globe:--knop.
see HEBREW for 06498
פֶּקָעִים (pe.qa) — gourd.
knob-shaped or ball-shaped or gourd-shaped carved wood or metal ornament
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Ncmpa
תַּחַת (tachath) refers to the concept of being underneath or below. It can function as a noun meaning 'the under part,' or as an adverb and preposition indicating position or substitution, such as 'instead of' or 'for the sake of.' The word encompasses various uses, including physical placement and metaphorical meanings related to subjection or exchange.
תַּחַת n.[m.] the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
base
H8478 תַּחַת the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
8478 tachath takh'-ath
from the same as 8430; the bottom (as depressed); only
adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix
underneath), in lieu of, etc.:--as, beneath, X flat,
in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead
of, under, X unto, X when...was mine, whereas, (where-)fore,
with.
see HEBREW for 08430
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: under.
: under/below
1) the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas n m
1a) the under part adv accus
1b) beneath prep
1c) under, beneath
1c1) at the foot of (idiom)
1c2) sweetness, subjection, woman, being burdened or oppressed (fig)
1c3) of subjection or conquest
1d) what is under one, the place in which one stands
1d1) in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)
1d2) in place of, instead of (in transferred sense)
1d3) in place of, in exchange or return for (of things mutually interchanged)
conj
1e) instead of, instead of that
1f) in return for that, because that in compounds
1g) in, under, into the place of (after verbs of motion)
1h) from under, from beneath, from under the hand of, from his place, under, beneath
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: instead.
: instead/in_place/exchange
Prep | Prep — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
The Hebrew word שָׂפָה (*saphah*) encompasses meanings related to 'lip,' 'speech,' and 'edge.' It is derived from concepts of termination, suggesting boundaries like the edge of a vessel or the bank of a river. The word can refer to physical lips, language, or the edges of various objects, including shores.
שָׂפָה 176 n.f. lip, speech, edge
lip
language
edge: shore of sea; bank of river
base
H8193 שָׂפָה lip, speech, edge . lip
. language
. edge: shore of sea; bank of river
8193 saphah saw-faw'
or (in dual and plural) sepheth {sef-eth'}; probably from
5595 or 8192 through the idea of termination (compare 5490);
the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by
analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.):--band,
bank, binding, border, brim, brink, edge, language, lip,
prating, ((sea-))shore, side, speech, talk, (vain) words.
see HEBREW for 05595
see HEBREW for 08192
see HEBREW for 05490
שָׂפָה (sa.phah) — lips.
: lips/mouth
1) lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding
1a) lip (as body part)
1b) language
1c) edge, shore, bank (of cup, sea, river, etc)
שָׂפָה (sa.phah) — lip: words.
: words/language
1) lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding
1a) lip (as body part)
1b) language
1c) edge, shore, bank (of cup, sea, river, etc)
שָׂפָה (sa.phah) — lip: edge.
: edge/border/opening
1) lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding
1a) lip (as body part)
1b) language
1c) edge, shore, bank (of cup, sea, river, etc)
שָׂפָה (sa.phah) — lip: shore.
: shore/bank(of_sea/river)
1) lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding
1a) lip (as body part)
1b) language
1c) edge, shore, bank (of cup, sea, river, etc)
Prep | N-fs | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncfsc/Sp3ms
סָבִיב (cabiyb) primarily means 'around' and is used as a noun, adverb, and preposition. It denotes a circle, neighbors, or the surrounding area, often implying a sense of being on every side or in a circuit. The entries consistently emphasize its usage in contexts of proximity and encirclement.
סָבִיב 336 subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
base
H5439 סָבִיב subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
5439 cabiyb saw-beeb'
or (feminine) cbiybah {seb-ee-baw'}; from 5437; (as noun) a
circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with
or without preposition) around:--(place, round) about,
circuit, compass, on every side.
see HEBREW for 05437
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around.
: around/border
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: side.
: side
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: whole.
: whole
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: neighours.
: neighours
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
N-cs — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
The Hebrew word סָבַב (savav) means to turn or go around, encompassing a range of actions such as surrounding, marching, and changing direction. It is built from a primitive root and has various applications, both literal and figurative, including transforming or enclosing. The entries detail its uses in different verbal forms, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicons.
סָבַב vb. turn about, go around, surround
Qal
turn, intrans.
march, or walk, around
go partly round, circle, skirt
make a round, or circuit, go about to
surround, encompass
Niph.
turn oneself against, close round upon
turn round (from a direct course)
esp. of boundary: turn round from, toward
pass. be turned over to, into the power of
Pi. to change, transform, the aspect of the matter
Po‛.
encompass (with protection)
come about, assemble round
march or go about
enclose, envelop
Hiph.
turn (trans.), cause to turn
bring over (i.e. to allegiance)
turn into, of changing name
= bring round, of changing name
cause to go around
surround with (acc.) wall
perh. also encompass (as foe)
Hoph.
be turned, of cart wheel
surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels
base
H5437 סָבַב turn about, go around, surround .. turn, intrans.
. . march, or walk, around
. go partly round, circle, skirt
. make a round, or circuit, go about to
. surround, encompass
. . . turn oneself against, close round upon
. turn round (from a direct course)
. esp. of boundary: turn round from, toward
. pass. be turned over to, into the power of
. to change, transform, the aspect of the matter
. . encompass (with protection)
. come about, assemble round
. march or go about
. enclose, envelop
. . . turn (trans.), cause to turn
. bring over (i.e. to allegiance)
. turn into, of changing name
. = bring round, of changing name
. . cause to go around
. surround with (acc.) wall
. perh. also encompass (as foe)
. . be turned, of cart wheel
. surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels
5437 cabab saw-bab'
a primitive root; to revolve, surround, or border; used in
various applications, literally and figuratively (as
follows):--bring, cast, fetch, lead, make, walk, X whirl, X
round about, be about on every side, apply, avoid, beset
(about), besiege, bring again, carry (about), change, cause to
come about, X circuit, (fetch a) compass (about, round),
drive, environ, X on every side, beset (close, come, compass,
go, stand) round about, inclose, remove, return, set, sit
down, turn (self) (about, aside, away, back).
סָבַב (sa.vav) — to turn: turn.
: turn/bring_around
1) to turn, turn about or around or aside or back or towards, go about or around, surround, encircle, change direction
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn, turn about, be brought round, change
1a2) to march or walk around, go partly around, circle about, skirt, make a round, make a circuit, go about to, surround, encompass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to turn oneself, close round, turn round
1b2) to be turned over to
1c) (Piel) to turn about, change, transform
1d) (Poel)
1d1) to encompass, surround
1d2) to come about, assemble round
1d3) to march, go about
1d4) to enclose, envelop
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to turn, cause to turn, turn back, reverse, bring over, turn into, bring round
1e2) to cause to go around, surround, encompass
1f) (Hophal)
1f1) to be turned
1f2) to be surrounded
סָבַב (sa.vav) — to turn: surround.
: surround/go_round
HVqrmpa — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine pluralHVqrmpa
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
DirObjM | Suff — Particle · suffixHTo/Sp3ms
עֶשֶׂר (eser) means 'ten' in Hebrew. It is a masculine noun derived from the root related to counting, specifically indicating the number ten and its use in combination with other numbers. The Aramaic equivalent is עֲשַׂר (asar), also meaning 'ten.'
עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה 176 n.m. and f. ten
base
H6235 עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה ten
6235 `eser eh'ser
masculine of term aasarah {as-aw-raw'}; from 6237; ten (as an
accumulation to the extent of the digits):--ten, (fif-,
seven-)teen.
see HEBREW for 06237
עֶשֶׂר (e.ser) — ten.
1) ten
1a) ten
1b) with other numbers
Aramaic equivalent: a.sar (עֲשַׂר "ten" H6236)
Adj — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
אַמָּה (ammah) primarily means 'cubit,' a unit of measure roughly equivalent to 18 inches or 0.5 meters, derived from the word for 'mother' or 'forearm.' It can also refer to a foundation or base, as noted in Isaiah 6:4. The lexicons mention different types of cubits used in the Old Testament, including the common cubit and the legal cubit.
אַמָּה 246 n.f. ell, cubit
cubit
† measure, full measure, limit
base
[אַמָּה] n.f. (etym. & mng. dub.; Thes foundation) only Is 6:4.
ref
H520a אַמָּה ell, cubit H520b אַמָּה
520 'ammah am-maw'
prolonged from 517; properly, a mother (i.e. unit of measure,
or the fore-arm (below the elbow), i.e. a cubit; also a
door-base (as a bond of the entrance):--cubit, + hundred (by
exchange for 3967), measure, post.
see HEBREW for 0517
see HEBREW for 03967
אַמָּה (am.mah) — cubit.
cubit-a measure of distance (the forearm), roughly 18 in (. 5m). There are several cubits used in the OT, the cubit of a man or common cubit (De 3:11), the legal cubit or cubit of the sanctuary (Eze 40:5) plus others. See a Bible Dictionary for a complete treatment.
Aramaic equivalent: am.mah (אַמָּה "cubit" H0521)
אַמָּה (am.mah) — foundation.
foundation
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHRd/Ncfsa
ku'-bit ('ammah; pechus): The standard for measures of length among the Hebrews. They derived it from the Babylonians, but a similar measure was used in Egypt with which they must have been familiar. The length of the cubit is variously estimated, since there seems to have been a double standard in both countries, and because we have no undisputed example of the cubit remaining to the present time. The original cubit was the length of the forearm, from the elbow to the end of the middle finger, as is implied from the derivation of the word in Hebrew and in Latin (cubitum). It seems to be referred to also in De 3:11: "after the cubit of a man." But this was too indefinite for a scientific standard, and the Babylonians early adopted a more accurate method of measurement which passed to the nations of the West. They had a double…
Cubit
Heb. ‘ammah; i.e., “mother of the arm,” the fore-arm, is a word derived from the Latin cubitus, the lower arm. It is difficult to determine the exact length of this measure, from the uncertainty whether it included the entire length from the elbow to the tip of the longest finger, or only from the elbow to the root of the hand at the wrist. The probability is that the longer was the original cubit. The common computation as to the length of the cubit makes it 20.24 inches for the ordinary cubit, and 21.888 inches for the sacred one. This is the same as the Egyptian measurements.
A rod or staff the measure of a cubit is called in Judg. 3:16 gomed, which literally means a “cut,” something “cut off.” The LXX. and Vulgate render it “span.”
[WEIGHTS AND MEASURES AND MEASURES]
A measure used among the ancients. A cubit was originally the distance from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger, which is the fourth part of a well-proportioned man’s stature. The Hebrew cubit, according to some, is twenty-one inches; but others fix it at eighteen. The Talmudists observe that the Hebrew cubit was larger by one quarter than the Roman.
נָקַף (naqaph) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to striking and surrounding. It can denote striking off or going around, encompassing, or completing a circuit. The entries suggest it covers both violent actions, like cutting down, and more passive ones, like surrounding or encompassing. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[נָקַף] vb. strike off
Niph. and the thickets of the forest shall be struck away
Pi. after my skin, which they have struck off
base
[נָקַף] vb. go around (intrans.)
Qal let feasts go around
Hiph.
go around, surround, encompass
make the round, i.e. complete the circuit
make round, round off (lit.)
base
H5362a נָקַף strike off H5362b נָקַף go around (intrans.) .let feasts go around
. . go around, surround, encompass
. make the round, i.e. complete the circuit
. make round, round off (lit.)
5362 naqaph naw-kaf'
a primitive root; to strike with more or less violence (beat,
fell, corrode); by implication (of attack) to knock together,
i.e. surround or circulate:--compass (about, -ing), cut down,
destroy, go round (about), inclose, round.
נָקַף (na.qaph) — to strike.
1) to strike, strike off
1a) (Piel) to strike off skin
Aramaic equivalent: ne.qash (נְקַשׁ "to knock" H5368)
נָקַף (na.qaph) — to surround.
1) to go around, compass, round
1a) (Qal) to go around
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to go around, surround, encompass, enclose
1b2) to make the round, complete the circuit
1b3) to make round, round off
V-Hiphil — Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine pluralHVhrmpa
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
יָם (yam) means 'sea' and refers to various large bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, Red, and Dead Seas, as well as the Sea of Galilee. It can also denote a mighty river like the Nile and has geographical implications, indicating directions such as west or south. The term is derived from a root meaning to roar, suggesting the noise of breaking surf.
יָם 390 n.m. sea
base
H3220 יָם sea
3220 yam yawm
from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in
noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the
article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or
an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the
south:--sea (X -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern,
side, -ward).
יָם (yam) — sea.
: sea
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — sea: west.
: west
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — (Mt. Ephron in the) West.
This name means sea, seaward, westward
Another name of eph.ron (עֶפְרוֹן "(Mount )Ephron" H6085H)
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
se (yam; thalassa; in Ac 27:5 pelagos): The Mediterranean is called ha-yam ha-gadhol, "the great sea" (Nu 34:6; Jos 1:4; Eze 47:10, etc.); ha-yam ha-'acharon, "the hinder," or "western sea" (De 11:24; 34:2; Joe 2:20; Zec 14:8); yam pelishtim, "the sea of the Philis" (Ex 23:31); the King James Version translates yam yapho' in Ezr 3:7 by "sea of Joppa," perhaps rightly.
The sea, yam , is used in Scripture to denote-- "The gathering of the waters," "the Ocean." (Genesis 1:2,10; 30:13) etc. Some portion of this, as the Mediterranean Sea, called the "hinder," the "western" and the "utmost" sea, (11:24; 34:2; Joel 2:20) "sea of the Philistines," (Exodus 23:31) "the great sea," (Numbers 36:6,7; Joshua 15:47) "the sea." Genesis49:13; Psal 80:11 Also frequently of the Red Sea. (Exodus 15:4) [RED SEA SEA] Inland lakes termed seas, as the Salt or Dead Sea. [See the special article] Any…
The Hebrews give the name of sea to any large collection of water, Job 14:11; as to the lakes of Tiberias and Asphaltites, and also to the rivers Nile and Euphrates, Isa 11:15 18:2 21:1 Jer 51:36,42. The principal seas mentioned in Scripture are the following:
1. The GREAT SEA, the Mediterranean, called also the Hinder or Western Sea. Indeed, the Hebrew word for sea, meaning the Mediterranean, is often put for the west. The Great Sea is 2,200 miles long, and in the widest part 1,200 miles in width. In many places it is so deep as to give no soundings. It is little affected by tides, but is often agitated by violent winds. The prevailing direction of the wind in spring is from the southeast and southwest and from the northeast…
→ Creation of Ge 1:9,10; Ps 95:5; 148:4,5
→ Lake Galilee calmed by Jesus Mt 8:24-26; Mr 4:37-39
→ Jesus walked upon Lake Galilee Mt 14:25-31
סָבִיב (cabiyb) primarily means 'around' and is used as a noun, adverb, and preposition. It denotes a circle, neighbors, or the surrounding area, often implying a sense of being on every side or in a circuit. The entries consistently emphasize its usage in contexts of proximity and encirclement.
סָבִיב 336 subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
base
H5439 סָבִיב subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about
5439 cabiyb saw-beeb'
or (feminine) cbiybah {seb-ee-baw'}; from 5437; (as noun) a
circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with
or without preposition) around:--(place, round) about,
circuit, compass, on every side.
see HEBREW for 05437
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around.
: around/border
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: side.
: side
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: whole.
: whole
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: neighours.
: neighours
subst
1) places round about, circuit, round about
adv
2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about
prep
3) in the circuit, from every side
N-cs — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
שְׁנַ֫יִם (shnayim) means 'two' and serves as both a cardinal and ordinal number. It can denote 'both,' 'double,' or 'twice,' and is used in various combinations with other numbers. The word is derived as a dual form of שָׁנָה (shanah), which relates to the concept of pairs.
שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם 768 n.m. et f. du. two
base
H8147 שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם two
8147 shnayim shen-ah'-yim
dual of 8145; feminine shttayim {shet-tah'-yim}; two; also
(as ordinal) twofold:--both, couple, double, second, twain, +
twelfth, + twelve, + twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.
see HEBREW for 08145
שְׁנַ֫יִם (she.na.yim) — two.
1) two
1a) two (the cardinal number)
1a1) two, both, double, twice
1b) second (the ordinal number)
1c) in combination with other numbers
1d) both (a dual number)
Adj — Noun common · both dual constructHNcbdc
too.
See NUMBER.
טוּר (tuhr) refers to a 'row' or 'course,' specifically in contexts like building stones in the temple or jewels on the high priest's breast-piece, as noted in Exodus 28:17. It is derived from an unused root meaning to arrange in a regular manner.
טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row
row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house
row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece
base
H2905 טוּר n.m. Ex 28:17 row . row, course of building-stones, in temple and in Solomon’s house
. row of jewels, on high priest’s breast-piece
2905 tuwr toor
from an unused root meaning to range in a regular manner; a
row; hence, a wall:--row.
טוּר (tur) — row.
1) row
1a) row, course (of building)
1b) row (of jewels)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
פֶּקָעִים, transliterated as peqa`, refers to ornamental architectural features, specifically carved wood or metal items that are ball-, knob-, or gourd-shaped. The term is derived from an unused root meaning 'to burst' and is primarily used in a decorative context, as noted in various lexicons.
פֶּקָעִים n.m. pl. carved wood or metal ornaments, either ball-, knob-shaped or gourd-shaped
base
H6497 פֶּקָעִים, פֶּקַע
6497 peqa` peh'-kah
from an unused root meaning to burst; only used as an
architectural term of an ornament similar to 6498, a
semi-globe:--knop.
see HEBREW for 06498
פֶּקָעִים (pe.qa) — gourd.
knob-shaped or ball-shaped or gourd-shaped carved wood or metal ornament
HTd/Ncmpa — Particle · noun common masculine plural absoluteHTd/Ncmpa
The Hebrew word יָצַק (*yatsaq*) means to pour, cast, or flow. It is a primitive root that encompasses actions like pouring out, melting, and establishing something firmly. The entries detail its uses in different forms, including Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating various aspects of pouring and casting, as well as being firmly established.
יָצַק vb. pour, cast, flow
Qal
pour, pour out
cast (objects of metal)
Pt.pass. as adj. fig. cast, hard, of crocodile’s scales
intrans. flow, pour
Hiph. pour (oil)
Hoph.
be poured
Pt. = cast, molten
Pt., fig. firmly established
base
H3332 יָצַק pour, cast, flow
3332 yatsaq yaw-tsak'
a primitive root; properly, to pour out (transitive or
intransitive); by implication, to melt or cast as metal; by
extension, to place firmly, to stiffen or grow hard:--cast,
cleave fast, be (as) firm, grow, be hard, lay out, molten,
overflow, pour (out), run out, set down, stedfast.
יָצַק (ya.tsaq) — to pour: pour.
: pour
1) to pour, flow, cast, pour out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pour, pour out
1a2) to cast
1a3) to flow
1b) (Hiphil) to pour, pour out
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be poured
1c2) cast, molten (participle)
1c3) being firmly established (participle)
יָצַק (ya.tsaq) — to pour: cast metal.
: cast_metal
1) to pour, flow, cast, pour out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pour, pour out
1a2) to cast
1a3) to flow
1b) (Hiphil) to pour, pour out
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be poured
1c2) cast, molten (participle)
1c3) being firmly established (participle)
יָצַק (ya.tsaq) — to pour: set down.
: set_down
1) to pour, flow, cast, pour out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pour, pour out
1a2) to cast
1a3) to flow
1b) (Hiphil) to pour, pour out
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be poured
1c2) cast, molten (participle)
1c3) being firmly established (participle)
יָצַק (ya.tsaq) — to pour: firm.
: firm
1) to pour, flow, cast, pour out
1a) (Qal)
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine pluralHVqsmpa
In general "to throw," with various degrees of violence; usually, with force, but not so necessarily, as e.g. in "cast a net," "cast lots." When applied to molten metal, as in English, first, "to let run. into molds," with reference to their descent by gravity, and, then, "to form," as in Ex 25:12, etc. Usually in the New Testament for ballo, but not always. Thus, in Lu 1:29 "cast in her mind" means "considered" (dielogizeto); "cast reproach" for Greek oneidizon, "reproached" (Mt 27:44); "casting down" for kathaireo, "demolishing" (2Co 10:4); "casting all anxiety upon" (1Pe 5:7), a still stronger term, as in
יְצֻקָה (ytsukah) refers to a casting, specifically of metal, and is derived from the verb meaning to pour out or run into a mold. It appears in 1 Kings 7:24, highlighting its use in the context of metalwork.
[יְצֻקָה] n.f. a casting (of metal);—1 K 7:24
ref
H3333 יְצֻקָה
3333 ytsukah yets-oo-kaw'
passive participle feminine of 3332; poured out, i.e. run
into a mould:--when it was cast.
see HEBREW for 03332
יְצֻקָה (ye.tsu.qah) — casting.
a casting (of metal)
Prep | N-fs | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncfsc/Sp3ms