1 Kings 7:33 — Word Study
WLCוּמַֽעֲשֵׂה֙ הָא֣וֹפַנִּ֔ים כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֖ה אוֹפַ֣ן הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֑ה יְדוֹתָ֣ם וְגַבֵּיהֶ֗ם וְחִשֻּׁקֵיהֶ֛ם וְחִשֻּׁרֵיהֶ֖ם הַכֹּ֥ל מוּצָֽק׃
BSAThe wheelsʼôwphân [like those of a chariot] were mademaʻăseh likemaʻăseh chariotmerkâbâh wheelsʼôwphân [with a similar workmanship] their axlesyâd [or axletrees] rimsgab [or felloes] spokeschishshuq△ [or rods] and hubschishshur△ [or naves] were allkôl [completely] of cast metalyâtsaq [poured and molded]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּמַֽעֲשֵׂה֙ | and [the] work of | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| הָא֣וֹפַנִּ֔ים | the wheels | Particle, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֖ה | [was] like [the] work of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| אוֹפַ֣ן | wheel of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֑ה | chariot | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| יְדוֹתָ֣ם | hands their | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| וְגַבֵּיהֶ֗ם | and rims their | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וְחִשֻּׁקֵיהֶ֛ם | and spokes their | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וְחִשֻּׁרֵיהֶ֖ם | and hubs their | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| הַכֹּ֥ל | everything | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| מוּצָֽק׃ | [was] cast | Verb, Hophal, participle (passive) masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The wheels were made like chariot wheels; their axles, rims, spokes, and hubs were all of cast metal. |
| KJV | And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: their axletrees, and their naves, and their felloes, and their spokes, were all molten. |
| ASV | And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: their axletrees, and their felloes, and their spokes, and their naves, were all molten. |
| YLT | And the work of the wheels [is] as the work of the wheel of a chariot, their spokes, and their axles, and their felloes, and their naves; the whole [is] molten. |
| WEB | The work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel. Their axles, their rims, their spokes, and their hubs were all of cast metal. |
| BBE | The wheels were made like carriage-wheels, the rods on which they were fixed, the parts forming their edges, their rods and the middle points of them, were all formed out of liquid metal. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of מוּצָֽק — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with a descriptive prepositional phrase detailing the materials used.
6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbיָצַק
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 11 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Kings 7:33
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Construction of the Temple Furnishingsgenerated
1 Kings 7:33 describes the wheels made for the temple's stands, emphasizing their similarity to chariot wheels. This verse follows a description of the overall structure and design of the temple furnishings, highlighting the meticulous craftsmanship involved in their creation. The context shows the importance of these details in the construction of sacred spaces, as seen in earlier verses describing the temple's grandeur.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezekiel 1:16–18 | The workmanship of the wheels looked like the gleam of beryl, and all four had the same likeness. Their workmanship looked like a wheel within a wheel. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מוּצָֽק, mu.Tzakgenerated
The word מַעֲשֶׂה (ma`aseh) means deed or work, indicating a range of actions from labor to craftsmanship. In this verse, it refers specifically to the work involved in creating the wheels, emphasizing the skill and effort put into their design.
This noun is in the construct state, linking it to the following noun הָא֣וֹפַנִּ֔ים (ha'o.fan.nim), which means 'the wheels'. The phrase thus translates to 'the work of the wheels', indicating a focus on the craftsmanship of these specific objects.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations generally agree on the description of the wheels being made like chariot wheels, with all components made of cast metal.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb מוּצָֽק (mu.Tzak) governs the entire verse, indicating that everything described is made of cast metal. The structure is straightforward, with the subject being the wheels and the predicate detailing their construction.
The sentence structure emphasizes the components of the wheels: axles, rims, spokes, and hubs, all of which are linked to the main verb, highlighting the completeness of the craftsmanship.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מַעֲשֶׂה as ἔργον (ergon), meaning 'work' or 'deed', which aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning but broadens the context to include any work done. This choice indicates a focus on the labor aspect of the craftsmanship.
For אוֹפַן, the Septuagint uses τροξῶν (troxōn), which also means 'wheels'. This reflects a consistent understanding of the objects being described, emphasizing their function in movement.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Kings 7:33 describes the wheels made for the temple's stands, which were crafted like chariot wheels. The verse details that their axles, rims, spokes, and hubs were all made of cast metal, emphasizing the quality of the materials and workmanship involved.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The verse states that the wheels were made like chariot wheels, with all components crafted from cast metal.
The comparison highlights the quality and durability of the wheels, as chariot wheels were designed for strength and stability.
The wheels, along with their axles, rims, spokes, and hubs, were all made of cast metal.
This verse contributes to the detailed description of the temple's furnishings, showcasing the craftsmanship and materials used in its construction.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the importance of craftsmanship from this verse?
- How does the use of durable materials reflect on the significance of the temple?
- In what ways can we apply the principles of quality and attention to detail in our own work?
- What does this verse teach us about the connection between function and design in sacred spaces?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Kings 7:33 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel,.... In the same form and fashion as one of them; the Targum is, "like a chariot of glory;'' a splendid one, curiously wrought; unless
Read John Gill on 1 Kings 7 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the work of the bases was on this manner: they had borders, and the borders were between the ledges: No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Kings 7 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Kings 7:33 And the work of the wheels [was] like the work of a chariot wheel: their axletrees, and their naves, and their felloes, and their spokes, [were] all molten.Ver. 33. Like the work of a chariot wheel,] i.e., Curiously wrought, and as having axle-tree, naves, felloes, spokes, all cast together in their moulds.
Read John Trapp on 1 Kings 7 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(13-50) The exceedingly graphic and elaborate description of the work of Hiram on the vessels and furniture of the Temple, and on the great pillars, bears on the very face of it the most evident marks of historical accuracy and of the use of contemporary documents, and it has, moreover, great antiquarian interest. Looked at in itself, it shows that the Temple (like many other buildings in the comparative infancy of architecture) depended for its effect, not so much on size or proportion, as on rich material, elaborate decoration, and costly furniture, on which all the resources both of treasure and art were lavished. But besides this, the sense of the especial sacredness attached to all the…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Kings 7 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges33. their axletrees] Literally, ‘hands’ as in the previous verse. their naves] By etymology the original word must refer to some curved part of the wheel. It seems better therefore to render, with R.V., felloes here, and transfer the word ‘naves’ to translate the last of the four nouns, which by its derivation signifies ‘that to which all the parts converge.’ The third of the Hebrew words is akin to that which in Exodus 27:10-11 is used for the ‘pillars’ or ‘poles’ which supported the hangings of the tabernacle. Hence here most likely ‘the spokes’ of the wheels.
Read Cambridge on 1 Kings 7 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible33. Axletrees… naves… felloes… spokes — The proper order and rendering of the words in the Hebrew text is as follows: Stays, felloes, spokes, naves. The nave is the same as the hub. (f f in figure.)
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Kings 7 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The wheels were made like chariot wheels; their axles, rims, spokes, and hubs were all of cast metal.
The work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel. Their axles, their rims, their spokes, and their hubs were all of cast metal.
The wheels were made like chariot wheels; their axles, rims, spokes, and hubs were all of cast metal.
The wheels were constructed like chariot wheels; their crossbars, rims, spokes, and hubs were made of cast metal.
Tyndale line
And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: their axletrees, and their naves, and their felloes, and their spokes, were all molten.
And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: their axletrees, and their felloes, and their spokes, and their naves, were all molten.
And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: their axletrees, and their felloes, and their spokes, and their naves, were all molten.
And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: their axletrees, and their naves, and their fellies, and their spokes, were all molten.
And the facion of the wheeles was like the facion of a charet wheele, their axeltrees, and their naues and their felloes, and their spokes were all molten.
Strictly literal
And the work of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: their supports, and their rims, and their spokes and their naves were all molten.
And the work of the wheels [is] as the work of the wheel of a chariot, their spokes, and their axles, and their felloes, and their naves; the whole [is] molten.
And the work of the wheels [is] as the work of the wheel of a chariot, their spokes, and their axles, and their felloes, and their naves; the whole [is] molten.
And the workmanship of the wheels was like the workmanship of a chariot-wheel: their axletrees, and their naves, and their felloes, and their spokes, were all cast.
The wheels were forged like chariot wheels. Their housings, rims, spokes, and hubs were all cast metal.
From the Latin
And they were such wheels as are used to be made in a chariot: and their axletrees, and spokes, and strakes, and naves, were all east.
Simplified
The wheels were made in the same way as chariot wheels; their axles, rims, spokes, and hubs were all made by casting.
The wheels were made like carriage-wheels, the rods on which they were fixed, the parts forming their edges, their rods and the middle points of them, were all formed out of liquid metal.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q54 largely agree, with minor differences in the number of words preserved. The Septuagint matches most of the Hebrew words but presents them in a different order, reflecting its own syntactical structure.
וּמַֽעֲשֵׂה֙ הָא֣וֹפַנִּ֔ים כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֖ה אוֹפַ֣ן הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֑ה יְדוֹתָ֣ם וְגַבֵּיהֶ֗ם וְחִשֻּׁקֵיהֶ֛ם וְחִשֻּׁרֵיהֶ֖ם הַכֹּ֥ל מוּצָֽק׃
9 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[ומעשה] [האופנים] [כמעשה] [אופן] [המרכבה] [ידות׳ם] [וגבי׳הם] וחשקי׳הם וחשרי׳הם [הכל] [מוצק]
1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 9 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Kings 7:33
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma`aseh) means deed or work, encompassing a range of actions from good to bad, and includes concepts like business, labor, and products made. It can refer to specific achievements, works of God, or even customs. The entries suggest a broad application in various contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
מַעֲשֶׂה 233 n.m. deed, work
base
H4639 מַעֲשֶׂה deed, work
4639 ma`aseh mah-as-eh'
from 6213; an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction;
abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically,
a poem) or (generally) property:--act, art, + bakemeat,
business, deed, do(-ing), labor, thing made, ware of making,
occupation, thing offered, operation, possession, X well,
((handy-, needle-, net-))work(ing, - manship), wrought.
see HEBREW for 06213
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: work.
: work/product
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: justice.
: justice/right/righteousness
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: judgement.
: judgement/punishment
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: custom.
: custom/manner
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אוֹפַן (o.fan) means 'wheel' and is derived from a root meaning to revolve. It specifically refers to wheels in various contexts, including chariot wheels, the wheels in Ezekiel's vision, and those found in Solomon's temple. The entries consistently emphasize its association with circular objects used for movement.
אוֹפַן, אוֹפָן n.m. wheel
base
H212 אוֹפַן, אוֹפָן wheel
212 'owphan o-fawn'
or (shortened) pophan {o-fawn'}; from an unused root meaning
to revolve; a wheel:--wheel.
אוֹפָן (o.phan) — wheel.
1) wheel
1a) chariot wheel
1b) wheel in Ezekiel's vision
1c) wheels of the ten bases beneath the lavers in Solomon's temple
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absoluteHTd/Ncmpa
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma`aseh) means deed or work, encompassing a range of actions from good to bad, and includes concepts like business, labor, and products made. It can refer to specific achievements, works of God, or even customs. The entries suggest a broad application in various contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
מַעֲשֶׂה 233 n.m. deed, work
base
H4639 מַעֲשֶׂה deed, work
4639 ma`aseh mah-as-eh'
from 6213; an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction;
abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically,
a poem) or (generally) property:--act, art, + bakemeat,
business, deed, do(-ing), labor, thing made, ware of making,
occupation, thing offered, operation, possession, X well,
((handy-, needle-, net-))work(ing, - manship), wrought.
see HEBREW for 06213
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: work.
: work/product
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: justice.
: justice/right/righteousness
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: judgement.
: judgement/punishment
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: custom.
: custom/manner
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אוֹפַן (o.fan) means 'wheel' and is derived from a root meaning to revolve. It specifically refers to wheels in various contexts, including chariot wheels, the wheels in Ezekiel's vision, and those found in Solomon's temple. The entries consistently emphasize its association with circular objects used for movement.
אוֹפַן, אוֹפָן n.m. wheel
base
H212 אוֹפַן, אוֹפָן wheel
212 'owphan o-fawn'
or (shortened) pophan {o-fawn'}; from an unused root meaning
to revolve; a wheel:--wheel.
אוֹפָן (o.phan) — wheel.
1) wheel
1a) chariot wheel
1b) wheel in Ezekiel's vision
1c) wheels of the ten bases beneath the lavers in Solomon's temple
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מֶרְכָּבָה (merkabah) means 'chariot' in Hebrew. It is a feminine noun derived from the related word for chariot, מֶרְכָּב (merkav). The entries consistently define it as a chariot, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.
מֶרְכָּבָה n.f. chariot
base
H4818 מֶרְכָּבָה chariot
4818 merkabah mer-kaw-baw'
feminine of 4817; a chariot:--chariot. See also 1024.
see HEBREW for 04817
see HEBREW for 01024
מֶרְכָּבָה (mer.ka.vah) — chariot.
chariot
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa
char'-i-ot (merkabh, merkabhah, "riding-chariot," rekhebh, "war-chariot"; harma):
1. Chariots of Egypt
2. Chariots of the Canaanites
3. Chariots of Solomon and Later Kings
4. Chariots of the Assyrians
5. Chariots of Chaldeans, Persians, Greeks
6. In the New Testament
7. Figurative Use
LITERATURE
1. Chariots of Egypt:
It is to the chariots of ancient Egypt that reference is first made in Scripture. Joseph was honored by being made to ride in the second chariot of King Pharaoh (Ge 41:43). Joseph paid honor to his father on his arrival in Goshen by meeting him in his chariot (Ge 46:29). In the state ceremonial with which the remains of Jacob were escorted to Canaan, chariots and horsemen were conspicuous (Ge 50:9). In the narrative of the…
Chariot
A vehicle generally used for warlike purposes. Sometimes, though but rarely, it is spoken of as used for peaceful purposes.
The first mention of the chariot is when Joseph, as a mark of distinction, was placed in Pharaoh’s second state chariot (Gen. 41:43); and the next, when he went out in his own chariot to meet his father Jacob (46:29). Chariots formed part of the funeral procession of Jacob (50:9). When Pharaoh pursued the Israelites he took 600 war-chariots with him (Ex. 14:7). The Canaanites in the valleys of Palestine had chariots of iron (Josh. 17:18; Judg. 1:19). Jabin, the king of Canaan, had 900 chariots (
a vehicle used either for warlike or peaceful purposes, but most commonly the former. The Jewish chariots were patterned after the Egyptian, and consisted of a single pair of wheels on an axle, upon which was a car with high front and sides, but open at the back. The earliest mention of chariots in Scripture is in Egypt, where Joseph, as a mark of distinction, was placed in Pharaoh’s second chariot. (Genesis 41:43) Later on we find mention of Egyptian chariots for a warlike purpose. (Exodus 14:7) In this point of view chariots among some nations of antiquity, as elephants among others, may be regarded as filling the place of heavy artillery in modern times, so that the military power of a nation might be estimated by the number of its chariots. Thus Pharaoh in pursuing Israel…
יָד (yad) means 'hand' and can also refer to strength or power in a figurative sense. It encompasses various technical uses, such as a sign or monument, parts or shares, and even specific components in construction, like axle-trees and supports for the laver. The word is versatile, appearing in both literal and metaphorical contexts.
יָד 1604 n.f. hand
hand
Fig. = strength, power
Fig. = side
יָד is used in various special, technical senses:—
sign, monument
part, fractional part or share
time, repetition
axle-trees
stays, supports for laver
tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
a (beckoning) hand
יַד with prep.
base
H3027 יָד hand . hand
. Fig. = strength, power
. Fig. = side
. יָד is used in various special, technical senses:— . sign, monument
. part, fractional part or share
. time, repetition
. axle-trees
. stays, supports for laver
. tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
. a (beckoning) hand
. יַד with prep.
3027 yad yawd
a primitive word; a hand (the open one (indicating power,
means, direction, etc.), in distinction from 3709, the closed
one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of
applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate
and remote (as follows):--(+ be) able, X about, + armholes,
at, axletree, because of, beside, border, X bounty, + broad,
(broken-)handed, X by, charge, coast, + consecrate, +
creditor, custody, debt, dominion, X enough, + fellowship,
force, X from, hand(-staves, -y work), X he, himself, X in,
labour, + large, ledge, (left-)handed, means, X mine,
ministry, near, X of, X order, ordinance, X our, parts, pain,
power, X presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay,
draw with strength, stroke, + swear, terror, X thee, X by
them, X themselves, X thine own, X thou, through, X throwing,
+ thumb, times, X to, X under, X us, X wait on, (way-)side,
יָד (yad) — hand.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: power.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: themselves.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
N-cp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp3mp
גַּב (gav) refers to anything convex or curved, primarily denoting the back of a person. It can also mean a mound, a boss on a shield, bulwarks, or the rim of a wheel. The word encompasses various meanings related to rounded surfaces and projections, and has an Aramaic equivalent, גַּב (H1355).
גַּב n.m. anything convex, curved, gibbous, e,g, back, chiefly late
back
mound
boss, or convex projection, of shield
bulwarks, breastworks
brow
rim of wheel
base
H1354 גַּב
1354 gab gab
from an unused root meaning to hollow or curve; the back (as
rounded (compare 1460 and 1479); by analogy, the top or rim, a
boss, a vault, arch of eye, bulwarks, etc.:--back, body, boss,
eminent (higher) place, (eye)brows, nave, ring.
see HEBREW for 01460
see HEBREW for 01479
גַּב (gav) — back/rim/brow.
1) convex surface, back
1a) back (of man)
1b) mound (for illicit worship)
1c) boss (convex projection of shield)
1d) bulwarks, breastworks (of arguments-fig.)
1e) brow, eyebrow
1f) rim (of wheel)
Aramaic equivalent: gav (גַּב "back" H1355)
Conj | N-cp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp3mp
חִשּׁוּק (chishshuq) refers to a spoke of a wheel, specifically the part that connects the hub to the rim. It is derived from a root meaning 'to join' and is mentioned in 1 Kings 7:33. The entries consistently define it as a spoke without significant disagreement.
[חִשּׁוּק] n.[m.] spoke of a wheel (as binding felloe to nave)—pl. sf. 1 K 7:33.
ref
H2839 חִשּׁוּק, חִשֻּׁק
2839 chishshuq khish-shook'
from 2836; conjoined, i.e. a wheel-spoke or rod connecting
the hub with the rim:--felloe.
see HEBREW for 02836
חִשֻּׁק (chish.shuq) — spoke.
spoke, spoke of a wheel
Conj | N-mp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp3mp
חִשּׁוּר (chishshur) refers to the hub or nave of a wheel, the part that binds the spokes together. The word appears in 1 Kings 7:33, where it is used in the context of wheel construction. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to wheels without significant disagreement.
[חִשּׁוּר] n.[m.] nave, hub of a wheel (which gathers in the spokes)—pl. sf. 1 K 7:33.
ref
H2840 חִשּׁוּר, חִשֻּׁר
2840 chishshur khish-shoor'
from an unused root meaning to bind together; combined, i.e.
the nave or hub of a wheel (as holding the spokes
together):--spoke.
חִשֻּׁר (chish.shur) — hub.
hub, hub of a wheel, nave
Conj | N-mp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp3mp
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
The Hebrew word יָצַק (*yatsaq*) means to pour, cast, or flow. It is a primitive root that encompasses actions like pouring out, melting, and establishing something firmly. The entries detail its uses in different forms, including Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating various aspects of pouring and casting, as well as being firmly established.
יָצַק vb. pour, cast, flow
Qal
pour, pour out
cast (objects of metal)
Pt.pass. as adj. fig. cast, hard, of crocodile’s scales
intrans. flow, pour
Hiph. pour (oil)
Hoph.
be poured
Pt. = cast, molten
Pt., fig. firmly established
base
H3332 יָצַק pour, cast, flow
3332 yatsaq yaw-tsak'
a primitive root; properly, to pour out (transitive or
intransitive); by implication, to melt or cast as metal; by
extension, to place firmly, to stiffen or grow hard:--cast,
cleave fast, be (as) firm, grow, be hard, lay out, molten,
overflow, pour (out), run out, set down, stedfast.
יָצַק (ya.tsaq) — to pour: pour.
: pour
1) to pour, flow, cast, pour out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pour, pour out
1a2) to cast
1a3) to flow
1b) (Hiphil) to pour, pour out
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be poured
1c2) cast, molten (participle)
1c3) being firmly established (participle)
יָצַק (ya.tsaq) — to pour: cast metal.
: cast_metal
1) to pour, flow, cast, pour out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pour, pour out
1a2) to cast
1a3) to flow
1b) (Hiphil) to pour, pour out
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be poured
1c2) cast, molten (participle)
1c3) being firmly established (participle)
יָצַק (ya.tsaq) — to pour: set down.
: set_down
1) to pour, flow, cast, pour out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pour, pour out
1a2) to cast
1a3) to flow
1b) (Hiphil) to pour, pour out
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be poured
1c2) cast, molten (participle)
1c3) being firmly established (participle)
יָצַק (ya.tsaq) — to pour: firm.
: firm
1) to pour, flow, cast, pour out
1a) (Qal)
V-Hophal-Inf-c — Verb · Hophal · participle (passive) masculine singularHVHsmsa
In general "to throw," with various degrees of violence; usually, with force, but not so necessarily, as e.g. in "cast a net," "cast lots." When applied to molten metal, as in English, first, "to let run. into molds," with reference to their descent by gravity, and, then, "to form," as in Ex 25:12, etc. Usually in the New Testament for ballo, but not always. Thus, in Lu 1:29 "cast in her mind" means "considered" (dielogizeto); "cast reproach" for Greek oneidizon, "reproached" (Mt 27:44); "casting down" for kathaireo, "demolishing" (2Co 10:4); "casting all anxiety upon" (1Pe 5:7), a still stronger term, as in