1 Samuel 13:21 — Word Study
WLCוְֽהָיְתָ֞ה הַפְּצִ֣ירָה פִ֗ים לַמַּֽחֲרֵשֹׁת֙ וְלָ֣אֵתִ֔ים וְלִשְׁלֹ֥שׁ קִלְּשׁ֖וֹן וּלְהַקַּרְדֻּמִּ֑ים וּלְהַצִּ֖יב הַדָּרְבָֽן׃
BSAThe chargepᵉtsîyrâh△ washâyâh a pimpeh [a small unit of currency, about one eighth of an ounce] for [sharpening] a plowsharemachărêshâh [a farming tool used to break up soil] or mattockʼêth [a pick-axe like tool] a third [of a shekel]shâlôwsh [a standard unit of weight and currency] for [sharpening] a pitchforkqillᵉshôwn△ [a tool with multiple prongs, or fork] or an axeqardôm [a tool used for chopping, or to sharpen the edge] and [a third of a shekel] for repointingnâtsab [to sharpen or restore the point of] an oxgoaddorbôwn [a sharp stick used to guide animals, or cattle prod]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְֽהָיְתָ֞ה | and it was | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person feminine singular |
| הַפְּצִ֣ירָה | the charge | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| פִ֗ים | two thirds of a shekel | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| לַמַּֽחֲרֵשֹׁת֙ | for the plowshares | Preposition, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| וְלָ֣אֵתִ֔ים | and for the mattocks | Conjunction, preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| וְלִשְׁלֹ֥שׁ | and for three | Conjunction, preposition, noun common both singular construct |
| קִלְּשׁ֖וֹן | fork | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וּלְהַקַּרְדֻּמִּ֑ים | and for the axes | Conjunction, preposition, particle |
| וּלְהַצִּ֖יב | and to make straight | Conjunction, preposition, verb hiphil infinitive construct common |
| הַדָּרְבָֽן׃ | the goad[s] | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The charge was a pim for sharpening a plowshare or mattock, a third of a shekel for sharpening a pitchfork or an axe, and a third of a shekel for repointing an oxgoad. |
| KJV | Yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads. |
| ASV | yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to set the goads. |
| YLT | and there hath been the file for mattocks, and for coulters, and for three-pronged rakes, and for the axes, and to set up the goads. |
| WEB | The price was one payim each to sharpen mattocks, plowshares, pitchforks, axes, and goads. |
| BBE | For they had instruments for putting an edge on their ploughs and blades and forks and axes, and for putting iron points on their ox-driving rods. |
All translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse.
The structure consists of one main clause followed by several prepositional phrases detailing the charges for different tools.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbהָיָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 10 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Samuel 13:21
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Economic Burden on Israelgenerated
1 Samuel 13:21 describes the economic conditions under which the Israelites lived, particularly their reliance on the Philistines for sharpening their agricultural tools. This situation illustrates the broader theme of Israel's vulnerability and dependence on foreign powers during this period, as they lacked the means to maintain their own weapons and tools effectively. The verse serves as a backdrop to the military inadequacies faced by Saul and his son Jonathan, as noted in the following verses.
Cross References
The Key Word — פְּצִירָה, ha.pe.Tzi.rahgenerated
The word פְּצִירָה (peTziRAh) refers to a charge or cost associated with the sharpening of tools. Its exact meaning is somewhat uncertain, but it suggests a connection to bluntness or dullness, indicating the need for maintenance of tools used in agricultural work.
The parsing as a noun in the feminine singular suggests it is a specific charge rather than a general term. This word appears only once in the Old Testament, making its interpretation particularly significant in understanding the economic implications for the Israelites.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree on the general meaning of the verse, reflecting the costs of sharpening tools without notable variation.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb in the verse is הָיְתָ֞ה, and it was, which introduces the subject הַפְּצִ֣ירָה, the charge. The structure includes several prepositional phrases detailing the specific tools and their associated costs.
The sentence is constructed with a noun phrase as the subject followed by a series of prepositional phrases that elaborate on the types of tools and the costs associated with sharpening them.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates פְּצִירָה as τρυγητὸς, suggesting a focus on the concept of cost or charge associated with the tools. This choice indicates a possible interpretation that emphasizes the economic aspect of maintaining agricultural implements.
The Greek word choice reflects a different nuance than the Hebrew, potentially broadening the understanding of the economic burden faced by the Israelites.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Samuel 13:21 explains the costs for sharpening farming tools. A pim is charged for sharpening a plowshare or mattock, while a third of a shekel is charged for sharpening a pitchfork or axe. This highlights the economic pressures on the Israelites, who relied on the Philistines for tool maintenance.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The charge refers to the cost of sharpening various farming tools, illustrating the economic burden on the Israelites.
The Israelites lacked the means to sharpen their own tools and thus depended on the Philistines for this service.
A pim is a small unit of currency, about one eighth of an ounce, used in the context of the charges for sharpening tools.
This verse highlights the economic pressures and vulnerabilities faced by the Israelites during a time of dependence on foreign powers.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can understanding the economic context of this verse deepen our appreciation for the challenges faced by the Israelites?
- In what ways does this verse reflect the broader themes of dependence and vulnerability in the Old Testament?
- What parallels can we draw between the Israelites' reliance on the Philistines and modern economic dependencies?
- How does this verse inform our understanding of the importance of maintaining our tools and resources in our own lives?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Gregory the Dialogist comments on this verse, noting the significance of tool maintenance and the implications of bluntness for effectiveness.
32. The edges are not said to be bent back or worn down, but blunted. For if they were bent back or worn down, they would cut nothing at all.Early Church Fathers on 1 Samuel 13 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Samuel 13:21 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleYet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes,.... Those that would not go to the Philistines, or were not able, or thought it too much trouble,
Read John Gill on 1 Samuel 13 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryYet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Samuel 13 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleSo the sense is, They allowed them some small helps to make their mattocks, and in some sort to serve their present use. But these words may be otherwise translated, and are so by some learned, both ancient and modern, translators: thus, Therefore the mouths or edges of the mattocks a coulters, &. were dull or blunt. Or rather thus, When the mouths or edges of the mattocks, &c. were blunt. So this passage very well agrees both with the foregoing and following words; and the whole sense of the place is entirely thus, They went to the Philistines to sharpen their shares, and mattocks, and coulters, and axes, when they were blunt, and (which was more strange, they were forced to go to them…
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Samuel 13 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Samuel 13:21 Yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads.Ver. 21. Yet they had a file.] This was all the help they allowed them, "The tender mercies of the wicked are cruelties."
Read John Trapp on 1 Samuel 13 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(21) Yet they had a file for the mattocks . . .—This translation, the sense of which is not very clear, is supported by the Targum and by many of the great Hebrew commentators—Rashi, for instance. Gesenius and the majority of modern scholars, however, render the word in the original translated “file” (p’tsirah) by “bluntness.” The passage then would run: “And there was bluntness (or dulness) of edge to the mattocks; “or,” so that bluntness of the edges occurred to the mattocks.” “The forks” were probably an instrument with three prongs, like our trident. And to sharpen the goads.—The words from “and there was bluntness,” &c. (English Version, “they had a file”), down to “axes,” form a…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Samuel 13 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 21. Yet they had a file] The Hebrew פצירה petsirah, from פצר patsar, to rub hard, is translated very differently by the versions and by critics. Our translation may be as likely as any: they permitted them the use of files, (I believe the word means grindstone), to restore the blunted edges of their tridents axes, and goads.
Read AdamClarke on 1 Samuel 13 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges21. Yet they had a file] So the Targum and some Rabbinic commentators. If the rendering is correct, the meaning will be that for the ordinary sharpening of tools they had files, but for any forging work they had to go to the Philistines. But the best rendering appears to be either, “When the edges, &c. were blunt:” or that of the Vulgate, “So the edges of the mattocks … used to be blunt.” The result of the necessity of going so far to get their tools repaired was that they got into a very unserviceable condition. The words, “and to set (i.e. sharpen or point) the goad” must be taken as depending on “the Israelites went down to the Philistines,” the intervening words being regarded as a…
Read Cambridge on 1 Samuel 13 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible21. A file — Or, as the margin, a file with mouths. So the Rabbins and other interpreters have understood the Hebrew words, δτφιψδτιν. But the words can hardly mean a sharpening tool.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Samuel 13 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The charge was a pim for sharpening a plowshare or mattock, a third of a shekel for sharpening a pitchfork or an axe, and a third of a shekel for repointing an oxgoad.
The price was one payim each to sharpen mattocks, plowshares, pitchforks, axes, and goads.
The charge was a pim for sharpening a plowshare or mattock, a third of a shekel for sharpening a pitchfork or an axe, and a third of a shekel for repointing an oxgoad.
They charged two-thirds of a shekel to sharpen plowshares and cutting instruments, and a third of a shekel to sharpen picks and axes, and to set ox goads.
Tyndale line
Yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads.
yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to set the goads.
yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes; and to set the goads.
Yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the colters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads.
Yet they had a file for the shares, and for the mattockes, and for the picke forkes, and for the axes, and for to sharpen the goades.
Strictly literal
when the edges of the sickles, and the hoes, and the forks, and the axes were blunted; and to set the goads.
and there hath been the file for mattocks, and for coulters, and for three-pronged rakes, and for the axes, and to set up the goads.
and there has been the file for mattocks, and for coulters, and for three-pronged rakes, and for the axes, and to set up the goads.
And they used a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the three-pronged forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads.
The charge was two-thirds of a shekel for the plow points, and the mattocks, and one-third of a shekel for sharpening axes and for straightening the goads.
From the Latin
So that their shares, and their spades, and their forks, and their axes were blunt, even to the goad, which was to be mended.
Simplified
The fee was two-thirds of a shekel for plowshares and pickaxes, and a third of a shekel for sharpening the axes and cattle prods.
For they had instruments for putting an edge on their ploughs and blades and forks and axes, and for putting iron points on their ox-driving rods.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of the verse, with all ten words matched in the Septuagint's translation. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of the economic context presented in this verse.
וְֽהָיְתָ֞ה הַפְּצִ֣ירָה פִ֗ים לַמַּֽחֲרֵשֹׁת֙ וְלָ֣אֵתִ֔ים וְלִשְׁלֹ֥שׁ קִלְּשׁ֖וֹן וּלְהַקַּרְדֻּמִּ֑ים וּלְהַצִּ֖יב הַדָּרְבָֽן׃
10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Samuel 13:21
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Conj | V-Qal-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person feminine singularHc/Vqq3fs
פְּצִירָה (ptsiyrah) refers to the concept of bluntness. Its meaning is somewhat uncertain, with suggestions of it relating to price or charge, as well as possibly indicating sharpening. The word appears in 1 Samuel 13:21, where it is associated with bluntness.
פְּצִירָה appar. n.f. 1 S 13:21; dub.; prob. incurably crpt.; bluntness
ref
H6477 פְּצִירָה
6477 ptsiyrah pets-ee-raw'
from 6484; bluntness:--+ file.
see HEBREW for 06484
פְּצִירָה (pe.tsi.rah) — bluntness.
1) price, charge
1a) meaning uncertain
1b) perhaps (CLBL) sharpening or (BDB) bluntness
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa
→ Delivered to ministers
→ See MINISTERS
The Hebrew word פֶּה (*peh*) means 'mouth' and encompasses various meanings, including the mouth of a person or animal, as well as openings or orifices. It can also refer to speech, edges, and portions. Additionally, it denotes a weight equal to one third of a shekel, found in 1 Samuel 13:21.
פֶּה 485 n.m. mouth
mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking
external organ
much oftener, as organ of speech, of man
as laughing; panting
of God
of idols
of musical instr. = sound
of animals; hence of edge of sword
mouth = opening, orifice
extremity, end
= portion
with preps.
base
H6310 פֶּה mouth . . mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking
. external organ
. . much oftener, as organ of speech, of man
. as laughing; panting
. of God
. of idols
. of musical instr. = sound
. of animals
. mouth = opening, orifice
. . extremity, end
. = portion
. with preps.
6310 peh peh
from 6284; the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether
literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically
edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition)
according to:--accord(-ing as, -ing to), after, appointment,
assent, collar, command(-ment), X eat, edge, end, entry, +
file, hole, X in, mind, mouth, part, portion, X (should)
say(-ing), sentence, skirt, sound, speech, X spoken, talk,
tenor, X to, + two-edged, wish, word.
see HEBREW for 06284
פֶּה (peh) — lip.
: lip/mouth
peh
1) mouth
1a) mouth (of man)
1b) mouth (as organ of speech)
1c) mouth (of animals)
1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)
1e) extremity, end pim
2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21
פֶּה (peh) — lip: edge.
: edge
peh
1) mouth
1a) mouth (of man)
1b) mouth (as organ of speech)
1c) mouth (of animals)
1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)
1e) extremity, end pim
2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21
פֶּה (peh) — lip: word.
: word/command
peh
1) mouth
1a) mouth (of man)
1b) mouth (as organ of speech)
1c) mouth (of animals)
1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)
1e) extremity, end pim
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
shek'-'-l, shek'-el, she'-kel, she'-kul (sheqel): A weight and a coin. The Hebrew shekel was the 50th part of a mina, and as a weight about 224 grains, and as money (silver) was worth about 2 shillings 9d., or 66 cents (in 1915). No gold shekel has been found, and hence, it is inferred that such a coin was not used; but as a certain amount of gold, by weight, it is mentioned in 2Ch 3:9 and is probably intended to be supplied in 2Ki 5:5. The gold shekel was 1/60 of the heavy Babylonian mina and weighed about 252 grains. In value it was about equal to 2 British pounds and 1 shilling, or about $10.00 (in 1915). See MONEY; WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. In the Revised Version (British and American) of Mt 17:27 "shekel" replaces "piece of…
Shekel
Weight, the common standard both of weight and value among the Hebrews. It is estimated at 220 English grains, or a little more than half an ounce avoirdupois. The “shekel of the sanctuary” (Ex. 30:13; Num. 3:47) was equal to twenty gerahs (Ezek. 45:12). There were shekels of gold (1 Chr. 21:25), of silver (1 Sam. 9:8), of brass (17:5), and of iron (7). When it became a coined piece of money, the shekel of gold was equivalent to about 2 pound of our money. Six gold shekels, according to the later Jewish system, were equal in value to fifty silver ones.
[MONEY]
The shekel was properly and only a weight. It was used especially in weighing uncoined gold and silver: "The land is worth 400 shekels of silver...Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver-in the audience of the sons of Heth," Ge 23:15,16. In such cases the word shekel is often omitted in the Hebrew, as in Ge 20:16 37:28, where our translators have supplied the word "pieces," but improperly, because coined money was not then known. See MONEY.
Between the sacred shekel, Ex 30:13, and the shekel after the "king’s weight," 2Sa 14:26, there would seem to have been a difference; but this and many think the phrase "shekel of the sanctuary" simply means a full and just shekel…
מַחֲרֵשָׁה (machareshah) refers to a plowshare or mattock, likely derived from the root meaning to dig or cultivate. The entries consistently describe it as a tool used in agriculture, specifically for plowing. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
[מַחֲרֵשָׁה, מַחֲרֶ֫שֶׁת] n.f. ploughshare
base
H4281 מַחֲרֵשָׁה, מַחֲרֶ֫שֶׁת
4281 machareshah makh-ar-ay-shaw'
from 2790; probably a pick-axe:--mattock.
see HEBREW for 02790
מַחֲרֵשָׁה (ma.cha.re.shah) — plowshare.
plowshare
Prep | N-fp — Preposition · noun common feminine plural absoluteHRd/Ncfpa
אֵת (eth) refers to a cutting instrument made of iron, commonly translated as 'ploughshare' or 'hoe.' The entries suggest it is used for agricultural purposes, specifically in digging or plowing. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
[אֵת] n.[m.] a cutting instrument of iron, usually transl. ploughshare
base
H855 אֵת a cutting instrument of iron, usually transl. ploughshare
855 'eth ayth
of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging
implement:--coulter, plowshare.
אֵת (et) — plowshare.
ploughshare
Conj | Prep | N-mp — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Rd/Ncmpa
The Hebrew word שָׁלֹשׁ (*shalosh*) means 'three' or 'triad.' It can also refer to the ordinal 'third' and is used in various contexts, including multiplication as 'thrice.' The entries consistently define it as a primitive number without significant disagreement.
שָׁלֹשׁ, שָׁלוֹשׁ, שְׁלֹשָׁה 430 n.m. et f. a three, triad
base
H7969 שָׁלֹשׁ, שָׁלוֹשׁ, שְׁלֹשָׁה a three, triad
7969 shalowsh shaw-loshe'
or shalosh {shaw-loshe'}; masculine shlowshah {shel-o-shaw'};
or shloshah {shel-o-shaw'}; a primitive number; three;
occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multipl.) thrice:--+ fork,
+ often(-times), third, thir(-teen, -teenth), three, + thrice.
Compare 7991.
see HEBREW for 07991
שָׁלֹשׁ (sha.losh) — three.
1) three, triad
1a) 3, 300, third
Aramaic equivalent: te.lat (תְּלָת "three" H8532)
Conj | Prep | Adj — Conjunction · preposition · noun common both singular constructHC/R/Ncbsc
(shalosh; treis).
See NUMBER.
The phrase "three days and three nights," Mt 12:40, was equivalent in Hebrew to the English "three days;" the Jews employing the expression "a day and a night" to denote our "day" of twentyfour hours. Nor did "three days," 1Sa 30:13, literally "this third day," according to their usage, necessarily include the whole of three days, but a part of three days, a continuous period including one whole day of twenty-four hours, and a portion of the day preceding it and the day following it. Compare Ge 7:12,17 1Sa 30:12-13.
קִלְּשׁוֹן (qillshown) refers to a fork or prong, specifically a three-pronged pitchfork or goad. The term is derived from an unused root meaning to prick. Its meaning is uncertain, and it appears in 1 Samuel 13:21, where it is described as a doubtful word.
קִלְּשׁוֹן doubtful word 1 S 13:21 (poss. would be fine point)
ref
H7053 קִלְּשׁוֹן
7053 qillshown kil-lesh-one'
from an unused root meaning to prick; a prong, i.e.
hay-fork:--fork.
קִלְּשׁוֹן (qil.l.shon) — fork.
1) forks, three-pronged pitchfork, goad
1a) meaning uncertain
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
fork (shelosh qilleshon):
This compound word, meaning strictly "three points" or "three prongs," is found only once (1Sa 13:21), and doubtless there refers to the agricultural tool now known as the pitchfork. It might, however, also be a weapon.
→ An agricultural implement 1Sa 13:21
→ See FLESHHOOK
קַרְדֹּם (qardom) means 'axe' in Hebrew. The word is straightforwardly defined across the lexicons as a noun referring to an axe, possibly derived from a root meaning to strike. There are no significant disagreements among the entries.
[קַרְדֹּם] n.[m.] axe
base
H7134 קַרְדֹּם
7134 qardom kar-dome'
perhaps from 6923 in the sense of striking upon; an
axe:--ax.
see HEBREW for 06923
קַרְדֹּם (qar.dom) — axe.
axe
Conj | Prep | Art | N-cp — Conjunction · preposition · particle · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/R/Td/Ncmpa
נָצַב (natsab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to stand or take one's stand, with various applications including to be stationed, appointed, or established. It can refer to standing upright, setting up a pillar, or fixing a boundary. The entries highlight its use in different forms, such as Niphal and Hiphil, indicating both active and passive meanings.
[נָצַב] vb. Niph. take one's stand, stand
Niph.
station oneself, take one's stand, for definite purpose
stand = be stationed (by appointment, or in fulfillment of duty)
take an upright position, stand
be stationed = appointed over
Pt. as subst. deputy = prefect (as appointed, deputed)
stand firm
Hiph.
station, set
set up, erect pillar
cause to stand erect, waters
fix, establish boundary
Hoph. fixed, determined
base
H5324 נָצַב Niph. take one's stand, stand . . . station oneself, take one's stand, for definite purpose
. stand = be stationed (by appointment, or in fulfillment of duty)
. take an upright position, stand
. be stationed = appointed over
. Pt. as subst. deputy = prefect (as appointed, deputed)
. stand firm
. . station, set
. set up, erect pillar
. cause to stand erect, waters
. fix, establish boundary
. fixed, determined
5324 natsab naw-tsab'
a prim root; to station, in various applications (literally
or figuratively):--appointed, deputy, erect, establish, X
Huzzah (by mistake for a proper name), lay, officer, pillar,
present, rear up, set (over, up), settle, sharpen, establish,
(make to) stand(-ing, still, up, upright), best state.
נָצַב (na.tsav) — to stand.
1) to stand, take one's stand, stand upright, be set (over), establish
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to station oneself, take one's stand
1a2) to stand, be stationed
1a3) to stand, take an upright position
1a4) to be stationed, be appointed
1a5) deputy, prefect, appointed, deputed (subst)
1a6) to stand firm
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to station, set
1b2) to set up, erect
1b3) to cause to stand erect
1b4) to fix, establish
1c) (Hophal) to be fixed, be determined, be stationary
Conj | Prep | V-Hiphil-Inf-a — Conjunction · preposition · verb hiphil infinitive construct commonHC/R/Vhcc
דָּרבָן (darbān) and דָּֽרְבֹנָה (dār'vōnāh) both mean 'goad.' The entries indicate that darbān is masculine and appears in 1 Samuel 13:21, while dār'vōnāh is feminine and occurs in Ecclesiastes 12:11. There is some variation in spelling, but both terms refer to the same tool.
ref
H1861a דָּרבָן goad H1861b דָּֽרְבֹנָה goad
1861 dorbown dor-bone'
(also dor-bawn'); of uncertain derivation; a goad:--goad.
דׇּרְבוֹן (dor.von) — goad.
goad
Also means: dar.vo.nah (דָּֽרְבֹנָה "goad" H1861B)
דָּֽרְבֹנָה (dar.vo.nah) — goad.
goad
Another spelling of dor.von (דׇּרְבוֹן "goad" H1861A)
Art | N-cs — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa