2 Samuel 23:33 — Word Study
WLCבֶּן־ שַׁמָּה֙ הַֽהֲרָרִ֔י אֲחִיאָ֥ם בֶּן־ שָׁרָ֖ר הָארָרִֽי׃ ס
BSA[son of] ShammahShammâh [the brave warrior] the HarariteHărârîy [mountain dweller] AhiamʼĂchîyʼâm [mother's brother] sonbên of ShararShârar△ [faithful one] the HarariteHărârîy [of the mountains]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בֶּן־ | [the] son of | Noun common, both singular construct |
| שַׁמָּה֙ | Shammah | Noun proper masculine |
| הַֽהֲרָרִ֔י | the Hararite | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| אֲחִיאָ֥ם | Ahiam | Noun proper masculine |
| בֶּן־ | [the] son of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| שָׁרָ֖ר | Sharar | Noun proper masculine |
| הָארָרִֽי׃ ס | the Hararite | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite, |
| KJV | Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite, |
| ASV | Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite, |
| YLT | Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite, |
| WEB | Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite, |
| BBE | Jonathan, the son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam, the son of Sharar the Hararite, |
Where they part company is שַׁמָּה — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured as a list, with the main subject followed by additional descriptive phrases.
4 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 7 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 2 Samuel 23:33
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Mighty Warriors of Davidgenerated
2 Samuel 23:33 lists the names of some of David's mighty men, emphasizing their bravery and lineage. This verse specifically mentions Shammah and Ahiam, both of whom were known for their valor in battle. The context shows the importance of these warriors in David's reign and the legacy they left behind.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Chronicles 11:27 | Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite, |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 11:35 | Ahiam son of Sachar the Hararite, Eliphal son of Ur, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שַׁמָּה, ben-generated
The word שַׁמָּה (Shammah) is a proper noun referring to a specific individual, known as a brave warrior and brother of King David. The name is derived from a root meaning 'astonishment', indicating a notable character.
Shammah's role as a warrior is highlighted in the narrative of David's mighty men, showcasing his significance within the tribe of Judah and his close familial ties to David.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of this verse is straightforward, listing names in a series. The main subject is introduced first, followed by the additional details of lineage and origin.
The finite noun phrases are organized to clearly present the relationships and identities of the warriors, emphasizing their familial connections.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint uses the Greek term σαμμα to translate שַׁמָּה, indicating a direct correspondence in naming. This choice maintains the identity of Shammah as a warrior.
The translation reflects the same emphasis on lineage and bravery, consistent with the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
2 Samuel 23:33 lists two of David's warriors: Shammah, known as a brave warrior, and Ahiam, son of Sharar. Both are identified as Hararites, indicating their mountain origins and bravery.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Shammah was a warrior and brother of King David, while Ahiam was the son of Sharar, also a notable warrior in David's service.
The term 'Hararite' refers to individuals from the mountainous region of Harar, highlighting their geographical and cultural background.
These warriors are significant as they represent the bravery and loyalty of David's men, contributing to his reign and military successes.
The name Ahiam means 'mother's brother', indicating a familial connection and possibly a close relationship with David.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What qualities do you think made Shammah and Ahiam notable warriors?
- How does understanding the lineage of these warriors enhance your reading of David's story?
- In what ways can we honor the legacy of those who have fought for justice and righteousness in our own lives?
- What can we learn from the bravery of David's warriors in facing challenges?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 2 Samuel 23:33 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleShammah the Hararite,.... From the mountainous country, as the Targum; the Arabic and Syriac versions say, from the mount of Olives: Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite: from the high mountain, as
Read John Gill on 2 Samuel 23 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryShammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite, Shammah the Hararite. Kennicott ('Dissertation,' p.
Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Samuel 23 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(33) Shammah the Hararite.—“Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite” has already been mentioned in 2 Samuel 23:11, and here Chronicles reads “Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite.” As Shage is identical with Agee with a letter prefixed, we should probably read “Jonathan the son of Shammah the Hararite.” Jonathan, one of “the thirty,” was thus the son of one of “the first three.” Sharar is in Chronicles Sacar, and Hararite is spelt in the Hebrew here differently from the previous clause and from Chronicles.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Samuel 23 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges33. Shammah the Hararite] Shammah has already been mentioned in 2 Samuel 23:11 as one of the first Three, so that his name is evidently out of place among the Thirty. A comparison of the text of 1 Chronicles 11:34 makes it tolerably certain that we should read either Jonathan the son of Agee the Hararite, or Jonathan the son of Shammah the Hararite, making Jonathan either brother or son of the hero mentioned in 2 Samuel 23:11. Sharar] In Chron. Sacar, a name found also in 1 Chronicles 26:4.
Read Cambridge on 2 Samuel 23 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite,
son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,
son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,
Tyndale line
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite,
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite;
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,
Shammah the Hararite: Ahiam the sonne of Sharar the Hamrite:
Strictly literal
Shammah the Ararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite,
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,
Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,
Shammah the Hararite, Achiam the son of Sharar the Ararite,
Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,
From the Latin
Semma of Orori, Aliam the son of Sarar the Arorite,
Simplified
son of Shagee the Hararite; Ahiam, son of Sachar the Hararite;
Jonathan, the son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam, the son of Sharar the Hararite,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in the names and titles presented in this verse. Five of the seven words match directly, indicating a strong textual consistency.
בֶּן־ שַׁמָּה֙ הַֽהֲרָרִ֔י אֲחִיאָ֥ם בֶּן־ שָׁרָ֖ר הָארָרִֽי׃ ס
5 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 2 Samuel 23:33
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-ms — Noun common · both singular constructHNcbsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שַׁמָּה (Shammah) refers to a name meaning "astonishment" and is associated with several figures in the Old Testament. It includes an Edomite chief, the third son of Jesse (father of David), and multiple warriors among David's mighty men. The entries highlight the name's usage in various contexts, but they do not present any significant disagreement among lexicons.
שַׁמָּה n.pr.m.
in Edom
third son of Jesse
heroes of David
base
H8048 שַׁמָּה . in Edom
. third son of Jesse
. heroes of David
8048 Shammah sham-maw'
the same as 8047; Shammah, the name of an Edomite and four
Israelites:--Shammah.
see HEBREW for 08047
שַׁמָּה (sham.mah) — Shammah.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.13;
son of: Reuel (H7467);
brother of: Nahath (H5184), Zerah (H2226) and Mizzah (H4199)
§ Shammah = "astonishment"
1) son of Reuel, grandson of Esau, and a chief of Edom
2) the 3rd son of Jesse and a brother of David
3) son of Agee the Hararite and one of the 30 of David's mighty warriors
4) the Harodite, one of the 30 of David's mighty warriors
5) another Hararite, one of the 30 of David's mighty warriors
שַׁמָּה (sham.mah) — Shammah.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.23.25; also called Shammoth at 1Ch.11.27;
Also named: sham.mot (שַׁמּוֹת "Shammoth" H8054)
§ Shammah = "astonishment"
1) son of Reuel, grandson of Esau, and a chief of Edom
2) the 3rd son of Jesse and a brother of David
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
sham'-a (shammah):
(1) The son of Reuel, the son of Esau, a tribal chief of Edom (Ge 36:13,17; 1Ch 1:37, Some).
(2) The third son of Jesse and brother of David. Together with his two other brothers he fought under Saul in the campaign against the Philistines and was with the army in the valley of Elah when David slew Goliath (1Sa 17:13). One redactor states that he was a witness of the anointing of David by Samuel (1Sa 16:1-13). He was the father of Jonadab, the friend of Amnon (2Sa 13:3), and that Jonathan whose victory over a Philistine giant is narrated in 2Sa…
Shammah
Desert. (1.) One of the “dukes” of Edom (Gen. 36:13, 17).
(2.) One of the sons of Jesse (1 Sam. 16:9). He is also called Shimeah (2 Sam. 13:3) and Shimma (1 Chr. 2:13).
(3.) One of David’s three mighty men (2 Sam. 23:11, 12).
(4.) One of David’s mighties (2 Sam. 23:25); called also Shammoth (1 Chr. 11:27) and Shamhuth (27:8).
(astonishment). The son of Reuel the son of Esau. (Genesis 36:13,17; 1 Chronicles 1:37) (B.C. about 1700.) The third son of Jesse, and brother of David. (1 Samuel 16:9; 17:13) Called also Shimea., Shimeah and Shimma. One of the three greatest of David’s mighty men. (2 Samuel 23:11-17) (B.C. 1061.) The Harodite, one of David’s mighties. (2 Samuel 23:25) He is called "SHAMMOTH the Harorite" in (1 Chronicles 11:27) and "SHAMHUTH the Izrahite" ibid. (1 Chronicles 27:8) In the list of David’s mighty men in (
1. One of the three chiefs of David’s thirty heroes, who shared with David and Eleazar the honor of the exploit recorded in 2Sa 23:11,12; 1Ch 11:12-14. Another feast is described in 2Sa 23:13- 17.
2. A brother of David, 1Sa 16:9; 17:13; elsewhere called Shimeah, 2Sa 13:3,22; 1Ch 2:13.
Others of this name are mentioned, Ge 36:13,17; 2Sa 23:25,33; 1Ch 11:27; 27:8.
הֲרָרִי (Harariy) refers to a 'mountain dweller' or someone from Harar, mentioned in 2 Samuel 23:11 and 23:34. It is derived from the root word for 'mountain' and describes individuals associated with this region, including notable figures among David's heroes.
הֲרָרִי, הָרָרִי adj.gent. (= mountain-dweller)
base
H2043 הֲרָרִי, הָרָרִי, הָארָרִי
2043 Harariy hah-raw-ree'
or Harariy (2 Sam. 23:11) {haw-raw-ree'}; or Haarariy (2 Sam.
23:34, last clause), {haw-raw-ree'}; apparently from 2042; a
mountaineer:--Hararite.
see HEBREW for 02042
הֲרָרִי (ha.ra.ri) — Hararite.
Someone descended from Harar or Harod (cf. 2Sa.23.11, 25), first mentioned at 2Sa.23.11
§ Hararite = "mountain dweller"
adj
1) a resident in or descendant of Harar; perhaps only a mountain dweller
2) Agee, a Hararite, one of David's heroes
3) Shammah, the Hararite, one of David's heroes
4) Sharar, the Hararite, the father of Ahiam, one of David's heroes
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
ha'-ra-rit (ha-harari, or ha-'arari): Literally, "mountaineer," more particularly an inhabitant of the hill country of Judah. Thus used of two heroes:
(1) Shammah, the son of Agee (2Sa 23:11,33). The parallel passage, 1Ch 11:34, has "Shage" in place of "Shammah."
(2) Ahiam, the son of Sharar the Ararite" (2Sa 23:33). In 1Ch 11:35, "Sacar" for Sharar as here.
(the mountaineer), The. The destination of three of David’s guard. Agee, a Hararite (2 Samuel 23:11) Shammah the Hararite. (2 Samuel 23:33) Sharar, (2 Samuel 23:33) or Sacar, (1 Chronicles 11:35) the Hararite, was the father of Ahiam, another member of the guard.
אֲחִיאָם (Achi'am) means 'mother's brother' or uncle, derived from the words for 'brother' (H251) and 'mother' (H517). It refers specifically to Ahiam, a warrior in King David's time, mentioned in 2 Samuel 23:33 and 1 Chronicles 11:35.
אֲחִיאָם n.pr.m. one of David’s heroes 2 S 23:33 1 Ch 11:35.
done
H279 אֲחִיאָם
279 'Achiyam akh-ee-awm'
from 251 and 517; brother of the mother (i.e. uncle); Achiam,
an Israelite:--Ahiam.
see HEBREW for 0251
see HEBREW for 0517
אֲחִיאָם (a.chi.am) — Ahiam.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.23.33;
son of: Sharar (H8325)
§ Ahiam = "mother's brother"
one of David's warriors (heroes)
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Ahiam
Mother’s brother, one of David’s thirty heroes (2 Sam. 23:33; 1 Chr. 11:35).
son of Sharar the Hararite (or of Sacar,) (1 Chronicles 11:35) one of David’s thirty mighty men. (2 Samuel 23:33) (B.C. 1050.)
mother's brother; brother of a nation
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שָׁרָר, transliterated as Sharar, refers to an Israelite mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically in 2 Samuel 23:33. He is identified as the father of Ahiam and is also associated with the name Sachar. The root of the word suggests a meaning related to hostility.
שָׁרָר n.pr.m. 2 S 23:33
ref
H8325 שָׁרָר, שָׁרַר
8325 Sharar shaw-rawr'
from 8324; hostile; Sharar, an Israelite:--Sharar.
see HEBREW for 08324
שָׁרָר (sha.rar) — Sharar.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.23.33;
father of: Ahiam (H0279); also called Sachar (KJV: Sacar; NIV: Sakar) at 1Ch.11.35;
Also named: sa.khar (שָׂכָר "Sachar" H7940H)
§ Sharar = "enemy"
father of Ahiam, one of David's mighty warriors
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
sha'-rar.
See SACAR.
(strong), the father of Ahiam the Hararite. (2 Samuel 23:33) In (1 Chronicles 11:35) he is called SACAR. (B.C. 1040.)
navel; thought; singing
הֲרָרִי (Harariy) refers to a 'mountain dweller' or someone from Harar, mentioned in 2 Samuel 23:11 and 23:34. It is derived from the root word for 'mountain' and describes individuals associated with this region, including notable figures among David's heroes.
הֲרָרִי, הָרָרִי adj.gent. (= mountain-dweller)
base
H2043 הֲרָרִי, הָרָרִי, הָארָרִי
2043 Harariy hah-raw-ree'
or Harariy (2 Sam. 23:11) {haw-raw-ree'}; or Haarariy (2 Sam.
23:34, last clause), {haw-raw-ree'}; apparently from 2042; a
mountaineer:--Hararite.
see HEBREW for 02042
הֲרָרִי (ha.ra.ri) — Hararite.
Someone descended from Harar or Harod (cf. 2Sa.23.11, 25), first mentioned at 2Sa.23.11
§ Hararite = "mountain dweller"
adj
1) a resident in or descendant of Harar; perhaps only a mountain dweller
2) Agee, a Hararite, one of David's heroes
3) Shammah, the Hararite, one of David's heroes
4) Sharar, the Hararite, the father of Ahiam, one of David's heroes
Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
ha'-ra-rit (ha-harari, or ha-'arari): Literally, "mountaineer," more particularly an inhabitant of the hill country of Judah. Thus used of two heroes:
(1) Shammah, the son of Agee (2Sa 23:11,33). The parallel passage, 1Ch 11:34, has "Shage" in place of "Shammah."
(2) Ahiam, the son of Sharar the Ararite" (2Sa 23:33). In 1Ch 11:35, "Sacar" for Sharar as here.
(the mountaineer), The. The destination of three of David’s guard. Agee, a Hararite (2 Samuel 23:11) Shammah the Hararite. (2 Samuel 23:33) Sharar, (2 Samuel 23:33) or Sacar, (1 Chronicles 11:35) the Hararite, was the father of Ahiam, another member of the guard.