1 Chronicles 1:37 — Word Study
WLCבְּנֵ֖י רְעוּאֵ֑ל נַ֥חַת זֶ֖רַח שַׁמָּ֥ה וּמִזָּֽה׃ ס
BSAThe sonsbên [descendants, offspring] of ReuelRᵉʻûwʼêl [a son of Esau, an Edomite chief] NahathNachath [an Edomite duke] ZerahZerach [a son of Reuel the Edomite] ShammahShammâh [a son of Reuel the Edomite] and MizzahMizzâh [an Edomite, a descendant of Esau]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בְּנֵ֖י | [the] sons of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| רְעוּאֵ֑ל | Reuel | Noun proper masculine |
| נַ֥חַת | Nahath | Noun proper masculine |
| זֶ֖רַח | Zerah | Noun proper masculine |
| שַׁמָּ֥ה | Shammah | Noun proper masculine |
| וּמִזָּֽה׃ ס | and Mizzah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. |
| KJV | The sons of Reuel; Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. |
| ASV | The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. |
| YLT | Sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. |
| WEB | The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. |
| BBE | The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah. |
Where they part company is בְּנֵ֖י — see How Translations Differ.
The structure is simple, with one main clause followed by a list of names, emphasizing the familial connection.
1 commentators on this verse
Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 1:37
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Descendants of Esaugenerated
1 Chronicles 1:37 provides a brief genealogy, naming the sons of Reuel, who is a descendant of Esau. This verse fits within a larger context of genealogical records that trace the lineage of the Edomites, emphasizing the importance of family and heritage in ancient Israelite culture. The preceding verses detail other descendants of Esau, establishing a connection among various tribes.
Cross References
The Key Word — בְּנֵ֖י, be.Neigenerated
The word בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and can refer to descendants or offspring. It appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, often indicating family relationships and inheritance.
In this verse, it introduces the sons of Reuel, establishing their identity as part of the lineage of Esau. The plural form indicates multiple descendants, underscoring the familial structure.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse is straightforward, with a noun phrase subject — בְּנֵ֖י רְעוּאֵ֑ל — followed by a predicate listing the names of Reuel's sons. This construction emphasizes the relationship of the individuals to Reuel.
The simplicity of the structure reflects the genealogical style of the text, focusing on lineage and familial connection without additional clauses.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates בְּנֵ֖י as υἱοὶ (huioi), meaning 'sons' or 'children'. This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the focus on familial relationships.
The translation shows a consistent understanding of the term across both Hebrew and Greek, emphasizing the importance of lineage in the context of the Edomites.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 1:37 lists the sons of Reuel, who is a descendant of Esau. The names mentioned are Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. This verse highlights the importance of family lineage in the context of the Edomites.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Reuel, also known as Jethro, was Moses' father-in-law and a significant figure in his life, known for his wisdom and guidance.
The name Nahath means 'rest' or 'quietness', and he is identified as an Edomite duke.
Genealogy is important as it establishes lineage, inheritance, and the fulfillment of God's promises through specific families.
Mizzah means 'fear' and is noted as a descendant of Esau, part of the Edomite lineage.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What significance do you see in the genealogies presented in the Bible?
- How do family relationships influence identity in your own life?
- Why do you think the Bible emphasizes certain names and lineages?
- What can we learn from the lives of the individuals mentioned in genealogies?
Commentators on this verse — 1 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 1:37 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(35-42) The tribes of Esau and Seir, extracted from Genesis 36
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
Tyndale line
The sons of Reuel; Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
The sons of Reuel; Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
The sons of Reuel; Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
The sonnes of Reuel, Nahath, Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah.
Strictly literal
The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
Sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
Sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
The sons of Re'uel: Nachath, Zerach, Shammah, and Mizzah.
The sons of Reuel were Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
From the Latin
The sons of Rahuel: Nahath, Zara, Samma, Meza.
Simplified
The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah.
The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the names listed in this verse. The Septuagint matches all six words from the Hebrew text, indicating a close alignment in the genealogical record.
בְּנֵ֖י רְעוּאֵ֑ל נַ֥חַת זֶ֖רַח שַׁמָּ֥ה וּמִזָּֽה׃ ס
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 1:37
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
See SON, SONS.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
רְעוּאֵל (Reu'el) means "friend of God" and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament. Most notably, it identifies Moses' father-in-law, also known as Jethro, and an Edomite son of Esau. The entries note connections to the tribes of Gad and Benjamin, with references to various genealogies and historical contexts.
רְעוּאֵל n.pr.m.
Moses’ father-in-law
Edomite
Gadite
Benjamite
base
H7467 רְעוּאֵל . Moses’ father-in-law
. Edomite
. Gadite
. Benjamite
7467 R`uw'el reh-oo-ale'
from the same as 7466 and 410; friend of God; Reuel, the name
of Moses' father-in-law, also of an Edomite and an
Israelite:--Raguel, Reuel.
see HEBREW for 07466
see HEBREW for 0410
רְעוּאֵל (re.u.el) — Reuel.
A man of the Edomites living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.4;
son of: Esau (H6215) and Mahalath (H4258);
half-brother of: Eliphaz (H0464), Jeush (H3266), Jalam (H3281) and Korah (H7141);
father of: Nahath (H5184), Zerah (H2226), Shammah (H8048) and Mizzah (H4199)
§ Reuel or Raguel = "friend of God"
1) a son of Esau by his wife Bashemath, the sister of Ishmael
2) the father-in-law of Moses
2a) also 'Jethro'
3) father of Eliasaph, the leader of the tribe of Gad at the time of the census at Sinai
4) a Benjamite, ancestor of Elah
רְעוּאֵל (re.u.el) — Reuel.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at 1Ch.9.8;
son of: Ibnijah (H2998);
father of: Shephatiah (H8203H)
§ Reuel or Raguel = "friend of God"
1) a son of Esau by his wife Bashemath, the sister of Ishmael
2) the father-in-law of Moses
2a) also 'Jethro'
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
roo'-el (re`u'el, "God is his friend"; the Septuagint Rhagouel):
(1) In the genealogical system Reuel is both a son of Esau by Basemath (Ge 36:4,10,13,17; 1Ch 1:35,37) and the father of the father-in-law of Moses, Hobab (Nu 10:29). In the account of the marriage of Zipporah to Moses (Ex 2:16-21) Jethro seems to be called Reuel (compare HOBAB). The various names of Jethro perplexed the Talmudists, too; some held that his real name was "Hobab," and that Reuel was his father. Reuel is probably a clan name (Gray, "Nu," ICC), and Hobab is a member of the clan ("son") of Reuel (Nu 10:29, the King James Version reads "Raguel").
Reuel
Friend of God. (1.) A son of Esau and Bashemath (Gen. 36:4, 10; 1 Chr. 1:35). (2.) “The priest of Midian,” Moses’ father-in-law (Ex. 2:18)=Raguel (Num. 10:29). If he be identified with Jethro (q.v.), then this may be regarded as his proper name, and Jether or Jethro (i.e., “excellency”) as his official title. (3.) Num. 2:14, called also Deuel (1:14; 7:42).
(friend of God) One of the sons of Esau, by his wife Bashemath, sister of Ishmael. (Genesis 36:4,10,13,17; 1 Chronicles 1:36,37) (B.C. about 1790.) One of the names of Moses’ father-in-law. (Exodus 2:18) (B.C. 1530.) Father of Eliasaph, the leader of the tribe of Gad at the time of the census at Sinai. (Numbers 2:14) (B.C. 1490.) A Benjamite, ancestor of Elah. (1 Chronicles 9:8)
the shepherd or friend of God
נַ֫חַת (Nachath) refers to a name meaning 'rest' and identifies several individuals in the Old Testament. It includes a duke of Edom, son of Reuel and grandson of Esau, a Kohathite Levite, and an overseer during Hezekiah's reign. The entries highlight its connections to different lineages, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
נַ֫חַת n.pr.m.
son of Reuel, grandson of Esau
grandson of Elkanah
an overseer, Hezekiah's time
base
H5184 נַ֫חַת . son of Reuel, grandson of Esau
. grandson of Elkanah
. an overseer, Hezekiah's time
5184 Nachath nakh'-ath
the same as 5183; quiet; Nachath, the name of an Edomite and
of two Israelites:--Nahath.
see HEBREW for 05183
נַ֫חַת (na.chat) — Nahath.
A man of the Edomites living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.13;
son of: Reuel (H7467);
brother of: Zerah (H2226), Shammah (H8048) and Mizzah (H4199)
§ Nahath = "rest"
1) one of the dukes of Edom, son of Reuel and grandson of Esau
2) a Kohathite Levite, son of Zophai and grandson of Elkanah
3) an Levite overseer in the time of Hezekiah
נַ֫חַת (na.chat) — Nahath.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Ch.31.13
§ Nahath = "rest"
1) one of the dukes of Edom, son of Reuel and grandson of Esau
2) a Kohathite Levite, son of Zophai and grandson of Elkanah
3) an Levite overseer in the time of Hezekiah
נַ֫חַת (na.chat) — Nahath.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.1.1;
son of: Zuph (H6689);
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
na'-hath (nachath):
(1) A grandson of Esau (Ge 36:13; 1Ch 1:37).
(2) A descendant of Levi and ancestor of Samuel (1Ch 6:26); also called "Toah" (1Ch 6:34) and "Tohu" (1Sa 1:1).
(3) A Levite who, in the time of Hezekiah, assisted in the oversight of "the oblations and the tithes and the dedicated things" (2Ch 31:13).
Nahath
Rest. (1.) One of the four sons of Reuel, the son of Esau (Gen. 36:13, 17). (2.) A Kohathite Levite (1 Chr. 6:26). (3.) A Levite, one of the overseers of the sacred offerings of the temple (2 Chr. 31:13).
(rest). One of the "dukes" of Edom, eldest son of Reuel the son of Esau. (Genesis 36:13,17; 1 Chronicles 1:37) (B.C. 1700.) A Kohathite Levite, son of Zophai. (1 Chronicles 6:26) A Levite in the reign of Hezekiah. (2 Chronicles 31:13) (B.C. 725.)
rest; a leader
זֶ֫רַח (ze.rach) refers to several figures in the Old Testament, including a son of Judah and Tamar, a grandson of Esau, and a Cushite invader of Judah. The name means "rising" and is associated with various descendants and families, such as the Zarhites and Ezrahites. Notably, there is some overlap in the identities of Edomite leaders mentioned.
זֶ֫רַח n.pr.m.
son of Judah and Tamar
Edomites
Levites
head of Simeonite family
a Cushite
base
H2226 זֶ֫רַח . son of Judah and Tamar
. Edomites
. Levites
. head of Simeonite family
. a Cushite
2226 Zerach zeh'-rakh
the same as 2225; Zerach, the name of three Israelites, also
of an Idumaean and an Ethiopian prince:--Zarah, Zerah.
see HEBREW for 02225
זֶ֫רַח (ze.rach) — Zerah.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.13;
son of: Reuel (H7467);
brother of: Nahath (H5184), Shammah (H8048) and Mizzah (H4199)
§ Zerah or Zarah = "rising"
1) a son of Reuel and grandson of Esau, one of the dukes of the Edomites
2) twin brother of Pharez, sons of Judah and Tamar; descendants are called Zarhites, Ezrahites, and Izrahites
3) son of Simeon; also called 'Zohar'
4) a Gershonite Levite, son of Iddo of Adaiah
5) the Ethiopian or Cushite, invader of Judah in the reign of Asa who defeated the invaders; probably the same as the Egyptian king Usarken I, second king of the Egyptian 22nd dynasty or perhaps more probably Usarken II, his 2nd successor
6) another Edomite leader; possibly same as 1
זֶ֫רַח (ze.rach) — Zerah.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.33;
father of: Jobab (H3103H)
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
ze'-ra (zerach, meaning uncertain):
(1) In Ge 38:30; 46:12; Nu 26:20; Jos 7:1,18,24; 22:20; 1Ch 2:4,6; 9:6; Ne 11:24; Mt 1:3, younger twin-son of Judah and Tamar, and an ancestor of Achan. In Nu 26:20; Jos 7:17 f he is the head of the Zerahites (also 1Ch 27:11,13). the King James Version has "Zarah" in Ge 38:30; 46:12, and "Zarhites" for "Zerahites" in…
Zerah
Sunrise. (1.) An “Ethiopian,” probably Osorkon II., the successor of Shishak on the throne of Egypt. With an enormous army, the largest we read of in Scripture, he invaded the kingdom of Judah in the days of Asa (2 Chr. 14:9-15). He reached Zephathah, and there encountered the army of Asa. This is the only instance “in all the annals of Judah of a victorious encounter in the field with a first-class heathen power in full force.” The Egyptian host was utterly routed, and the Hebrews gathered “exceeding much spoil.” Three hundred years elapsed before another Egyptian army, that of Necho (B.C. 609), came up against Jerusalem.
(2.) A son of Tamar (Gen. 38:30); called also Zara (Matt. 1:3).
(rising (of the sun)). A son of Reuel, son of Esau, (Genesis 36:13; 1 Chronicles 1:37) and one of the "dukes" or phylarchs of the Edomites. (Genesis 36:17) (B.C. after 1760.) Less properly, Zarah, twin son, with his elder brother Pharez, of Judah and Tamar. (Genesis 38:30; 1 Chronicles 2:4; Matthew 1:3) (B.C. about 1728.) His descendants were called Zarhites, Ezrahites and Izrahites. (Numbers 26:20; 1 Kings 4:31;
1. The son of Reuel, and grandson of Esau, Ge 36:13,17.
2. Son of Judah and Tamar, Ge 38:30; called Zara in Mt 1:3.
3. Son of Simeon, and founder of the Zarhites, Nu 26:13; called Zohar in Ge 46:10.
4. A Cushite king who invaded Judah with an immense army in the reign of Asa, 2Ch 14:9-13. It is not agreed by interpreters whether he came from Southern Arabia or from Egypt and Ethiopia. Many, however, follow Champollion, who identifies him with Osorchon and Osoroth of the Egyptian monuments and history, the son and successor of Shishak.
שַׁמָּה (Shammah) refers to a name meaning "astonishment" and is associated with several figures in the Old Testament. It includes an Edomite chief, the third son of Jesse (father of David), and multiple warriors among David's mighty men. The entries highlight the name's usage in various contexts, but they do not present any significant disagreement among lexicons.
שַׁמָּה n.pr.m.
in Edom
third son of Jesse
heroes of David
base
H8048 שַׁמָּה . in Edom
. third son of Jesse
. heroes of David
8048 Shammah sham-maw'
the same as 8047; Shammah, the name of an Edomite and four
Israelites:--Shammah.
see HEBREW for 08047
שַׁמָּה (sham.mah) — Shammah.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.13;
son of: Reuel (H7467);
brother of: Nahath (H5184), Zerah (H2226) and Mizzah (H4199)
§ Shammah = "astonishment"
1) son of Reuel, grandson of Esau, and a chief of Edom
2) the 3rd son of Jesse and a brother of David
3) son of Agee the Hararite and one of the 30 of David's mighty warriors
4) the Harodite, one of the 30 of David's mighty warriors
5) another Hararite, one of the 30 of David's mighty warriors
שַׁמָּה (sham.mah) — Shammah.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.23.25; also called Shammoth at 1Ch.11.27;
Also named: sham.mot (שַׁמּוֹת "Shammoth" H8054)
§ Shammah = "astonishment"
1) son of Reuel, grandson of Esau, and a chief of Edom
2) the 3rd son of Jesse and a brother of David
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
sham'-a (shammah):
(1) The son of Reuel, the son of Esau, a tribal chief of Edom (Ge 36:13,17; 1Ch 1:37, Some).
(2) The third son of Jesse and brother of David. Together with his two other brothers he fought under Saul in the campaign against the Philistines and was with the army in the valley of Elah when David slew Goliath (1Sa 17:13). One redactor states that he was a witness of the anointing of David by Samuel (1Sa 16:1-13). He was the father of Jonadab, the friend of Amnon (2Sa 13:3), and that Jonathan whose victory over a Philistine giant is narrated in 2Sa…
Shammah
Desert. (1.) One of the “dukes” of Edom (Gen. 36:13, 17).
(2.) One of the sons of Jesse (1 Sam. 16:9). He is also called Shimeah (2 Sam. 13:3) and Shimma (1 Chr. 2:13).
(3.) One of David’s three mighty men (2 Sam. 23:11, 12).
(4.) One of David’s mighties (2 Sam. 23:25); called also Shammoth (1 Chr. 11:27) and Shamhuth (27:8).
(astonishment). The son of Reuel the son of Esau. (Genesis 36:13,17; 1 Chronicles 1:37) (B.C. about 1700.) The third son of Jesse, and brother of David. (1 Samuel 16:9; 17:13) Called also Shimea., Shimeah and Shimma. One of the three greatest of David’s mighty men. (2 Samuel 23:11-17) (B.C. 1061.) The Harodite, one of David’s mighties. (2 Samuel 23:25) He is called "SHAMMOTH the Harorite" in (1 Chronicles 11:27) and "SHAMHUTH the Izrahite" ibid. (1 Chronicles 27:8) In the list of David’s mighty men in (
1. One of the three chiefs of David’s thirty heroes, who shared with David and Eleazar the honor of the exploit recorded in 2Sa 23:11,12; 1Ch 11:12-14. Another feast is described in 2Sa 23:13- 17.
2. A brother of David, 1Sa 16:9; 17:13; elsewhere called Shimeah, 2Sa 13:3,22; 1Ch 2:13.
Others of this name are mentioned, Ge 36:13,17; 2Sa 23:25,33; 1Ch 11:27; 27:8.
מִזָּה (Mizzah) refers to a grandson of Esau, specifically the son of Reuel. The name is associated with the meaning of 'fear,' possibly derived from a root suggesting terror. Mizzah is mentioned in Genesis 36:13 and is noted as an Edomite, with siblings including Nahath, Zerah, and Shammah.
מִזָּה n.pr.m. grandson of Esau
base
H4199 מִזָּה grandson of Esau
4199 Mizzah miz-zaw'
probably from an unused root meaning to faint with fear;
terror; Mizzah, an Edomite:--Mizzah.
מִזָּה (miz.zah) — Mizzah.
A man of the Edomites living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.13;
son of: Reuel (H7467);
brother of: Nahath (H5184), Zerah (H2226) and Shammah (H8048)
§ Mizzah = "fear"
son of Reuel and grandson of Esau
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Mizzah
Despair, one of the four sons of Reuel, the son of Esau (Gen. 36:13, 17).
(fear), son of Reuel and grandson of Esau. (Genesis 36:13,17; 1 Chronicles 1:37)
defluxion from the head