Daniel 2:33 — Word Study
WLCשָׁק֖וֹהִי דִּ֣י פַרְזֶ֑ל רַגְל֕וֹהִי מִנְּהֵין֙ דִּ֣י פַרְזֶ֔ל וּמִנְּהֵ֖ין דִּ֥י חֲסַֽף׃
BSAits legsshâq△ [of strong metal, made of iron] were ironparzel and its feetrᵉgal [lower extremities, steps] were partmin [a portion, a mixture] ironparzel [a strong metal] and partmin [another portion, a combination] claychăçaph [potter's earth, a fragile material]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שָׁק֖וֹהִי | legs its | Noun common both dual construct, suffix |
| דִּ֣י | of | Conjunction |
| פַרְזֶ֑ל | iron | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| רַגְל֕וֹהִי | feet its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| מִנְּהֵין֙ | some of them | Preposition, suffix |
| דִּ֣י | of | Conjunction |
| פַרְזֶ֔ל | iron | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| וּמִנְּהֵ֖ין | and some of them | Conjunction, preposition, suffix |
| דִּ֥י | of | Conjunction |
| חֲסַֽף׃ | clay | Noun common, both singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | its legs were iron, and its feet were part iron and part clay. |
| KJV | His legs of iron, his feet part of iron and part of clay. |
| ASV | its legs of iron, its feet part of iron, and part of clay. |
| YLT | its legs of iron, its feet, part of them of iron, and part of them of clay. |
| WEB | its legs of iron, its feet part of iron and part of clay. |
| BBE | Its legs of iron, its feet were in part of iron and in part of potter's earth. |
Where they part company is חֲסַף — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has a main clause describing the legs and another main clause describing the feet, connected by a conjunction.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 10 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 2:33
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Vision of the Statuegenerated
Daniel 2:33 describes the legs and feet of a statue seen in a dream by King Nebuchadnezzar, interpreted by Daniel. The statue represents various kingdoms, with each part symbolizing different qualities. The legs of iron signify strength, while the feet, made partly of clay, indicate instability. This imagery sets the stage for the unfolding of future events in the narrative of Daniel.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel 2:40–43 | Finally, there will be a fourth kingdom as strong as iron; for iron shatters and crushes all things, and like iron that crushes all things, it will shatter and crush all the others. |
| 2 | Daniel 7:7–8 | After this, as I watched in my vision in the night, suddenly a fourth beast appeared, and it was terrifying—dreadful and extremely strong—with large iron teeth. It devoured and crushed; then it trampled underfoot whatever was left. It was different from all the beasts before it, and it had ten horns. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שָׁק֖וֹהִי, sha.Ko.higenerated
The word שָׁק֖וֹהִי (sha.Ko.hi) refers specifically to the legs, indicating the lower limbs of the statue. It is a noun in the dual construct form, suggesting a pair of legs. This word emphasizes the strength associated with iron, as mentioned in the verse.
In this context, the legs are made of iron, a strong metal, which contrasts with the feet that are part iron and part clay. The use of this word highlights the significance of the legs in portraying the strength of the kingdom represented by the statue.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB has iron for פַרְזֶ֑ל, and clay for חֲסַף.
Where others part company with the BSB they part company over a real fork in the lexicon. Potter's earth (BBE) is a more specific rendering for חֲסַף, while the BSB and others use the more general term clay.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause of the verse is governed by the finite verb הוּא (hu), which connects the subject and predicate. The structure emphasizes the composition of the statue, detailing the materials of both the legs and the feet.
The phrase רַגְל֕וֹהִי (rag.Lo.hi), referring to the feet, is a noun phrase that describes the lower extremities. The conjunctions דִּי (di) connect the various components, illustrating the mixture of materials in the statue's feet.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates פַרְזֶל as σιδηρᾶ (siderā), which means 'iron' and aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning. This choice reinforces the strength associated with the legs.
For חֲסַף, the LXX uses ὀστράκινον (), indicating a material derived from clay, but with a slight nuance that may suggest a more refined or specific type of clay.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 2:33 describes the legs of the statue as made of iron, representing strength, while its feet are a mixture of iron and clay, indicating a combination of strength and fragility. This imagery highlights the nature of the kingdoms represented by the statue.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The legs of iron symbolize strength and power, representing a strong kingdom.
The feet being part iron and part clay indicate a mixture of strength and weakness, suggesting instability in the kingdom.
This verse is part of a larger vision that describes the succession of kingdoms, with each part of the statue representing different qualities and strengths.
The statue is made of gold, silver, bronze, iron, and clay, each representing different kingdoms and their characteristics.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the mixture of iron and clay in the feet suggest about the nature of the kingdom it represents?
- How can we see the themes of strength and weakness in our own lives or societies?
- What lessons can we learn from the symbolism of the statue in relation to leadership and power?
- How does understanding the materials of the statue help us interpret the broader message of the book of Daniel?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early comments on this verse from the Church Fathers explore the symbolism of the statue, particularly the materials used and their implications for understanding kingdoms.
"His feet," etc. Hippolytus: In the vision of the prophet, the ten horns are the things that are yet to be.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 2 →
The iron is Alexander, the conqueror of all nations. Indeed, as iron submits all bodies, so he broke the forces of all princes and kings, and subjected their authorities.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 2 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 2:33 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHis legs of iron,.... A coarser metal than the former, but very strong; and designs the strong and potent monarchy of the Romans, the last of the four monarchies, governed chiefly by two consuls: and
Read John Gill on Daniel 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHis legs of iron, his feet part of iron and part of clay. His legs of iron, his feet part of iron and part of clay.
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 2 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBy this we see the world is much worse and far declined, every age degenerating from what it was of old; as the poets, which borrowed their fancy from this image, have described the ages of the world from metals; the first was golden, and so, coming on coarser, it ended at last, as this image in the text, in dirt.
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 2 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 2:33 His legs of iron, his feet part of iron and part of clay.Ver. 33. Part of clay.] The best things of the world stand in an earthly foundation Mr Huet.
Read John Trapp on Daniel 2 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 33. His legs of iron] The Roman government. His feet part of iron and part of clay.] The same, mixed with the barbaric nations, and divided into ten kingdoms. See at the end of the chapter. See Clarke on Daniel 2:49.
Read AdamClarke on Daniel 2 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges31–35. Daniel tells Nebuchadnezzar his dream.
Read Cambridge on Daniel 2 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHis legs of iron - The portion of the lower limbs from the knees to the ankles. This is undoubtedly the usual meaning of the English word “legs,” and it as clearly appears to be the sense of the original word here.
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 2 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible32, 33. The dreamer dreams through the ages though he knows it not. In that sleep a thousand years were but as a watch in the night.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Daniel 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
its legs were iron, and its feet were part iron and part clay.
its legs of iron, its feet part of iron and part of clay.
its legs were iron, and its feet were part iron and part clay.
Its legs were of iron; its feet were partly of iron and partly of clay.
Tyndale line
His legs of iron, his feet part of iron and part of clay.
its legs of iron, its feet part of iron, and part of clay.
his legs of iron, his feet part of iron, and part of clay.
His legs of iron, his feet part of iron and part of clay.
His legges of yron, and his feete were part of yron, and part of clay.
Strictly literal
its legs of iron, its feet part of iron and part of clay.
its legs of iron, its feet, part of them of iron, and part of them of clay.
its legs of iron, its feet, part of them of iron, and part of them of clay.
Its legs of iron, its feet part of them of iron and part of them of clay.
and its legs were made of iron. Its feet were made partly of iron and partly of clay.
From the Latin
And the legs of iron, the feet part of iron and part of clay.
Simplified
its legs were iron, and its feet were iron and baked clay.
Its legs of iron, its feet were in part of iron and in part of potter's earth.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls share significant agreement, with both preserving the essential wording of the verse. The Septuagint, however, presents a different word order and some variation in terms, but the core elements remain consistent.
שָׁק֖וֹהִי דִּ֣י פַרְזֶ֑ל רַגְל֕וֹהִי מִנְּהֵין֙ דִּ֣י פַרְזֶ֔ל וּמִנְּהֵ֖ין דִּ֥י חֲסַֽף׃
5 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
שקו׳הי די פרזל רגלו׳הי מנ׳הון די פרזל ומנ׳הון חסף
9 words of the verse are on this fragment. The rest of the verse is not on it.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 2:33
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שָׁק (shaq) refers to the lower leg in Hebrew and is noted in the context of Aramaic, corresponding to the word for leg in another form. The primary biblical reference is found in Daniel 2:33.
[שָׁק] n.[m.] lower leg;—Dn 2:33.
ref
H8243 שָׁק
8243 shaq shawk
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7785; the leg:--leg.
see HEBREW for 07785
שָׁק (shaq) — leg.
leg (lower)
Aramaic of shoq (שׁוֹק "leg" H7785)
Adj | Suff — Noun common both dual construct · suffixANcbdc/Sp3ms
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
AC — ConjunctionAC
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
פַּרְזֶל (parzel) means 'iron' and is noted as an Aramaic term corresponding to the Hebrew word for iron, בַּרְזֶל (barzel). The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to iron, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
פַּרְזֶל 19 n.m. iron
base
H6523 פַּרְזֶל
6523 parzel par-zel'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1270; iron:--iron.
see HEBREW for 01270
פַּרְזֶל (par.zel) — iron.
iron
Aramaic of bar.zel (בַּרְזֶל "iron" H1270)
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
Iron
Tubal-Cain is the first-mentioned worker in iron (Gen. 4:22). The Egyptians wrought it at Sinai before the Exodus. David prepared it in great abundance for the temple (1 Chr. 22:3: 29:7). The merchants of Dan and Javan brought it to the market of Tyre (Ezek. 27:19). Various instruments are mentioned as made of iron (Deut. 27:5; 19:5; Josh. 17:16, 18; 1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 12:31; 2 Kings 6:5, 6; 1 Chr.…
is mentioned with brass as the earliest of known metals. (Genesis 4:22) The natural wealth in iron of the soil of Canaan is indicated by describing it as a land whose stones are iron." (8:9) (Recent explorations have shown that iron ore is abundant in the northern part of Palestine. --ED.) The book of Job contains passages which indicate that iron was a metal well known. Sheet-iron was used for cooking utensils. (Ezekiel 4:3) cf. Levi 7:9 That it was plentiful in the time of David appears from (1 Chronicles 22:3) The market of Tyre was supplied with bright or polished iron by the merchants of by Dan and Javan. (Ezekiel 27:19) The Chalybes of the Pontus were celebrated as…
Was early known and wrought, Ge 4:22. Moses often alludes to it. He compares the bondage in Egypt to a furnace for smelting iron, and speaks of the iron ore of Canaan, De 3:11 4:20 8:9. Many different articles and tools were anciently made of it. Immense quantities were provided for the building of the temple, 1Ch 29:2,7. "Iron" is used to illustrated slavery, strength, obstinacy, fortitude, affliction, etc., De 28:48 Job 40:18 Isa 48:4 Jer 1:18 Eze 22:18,20…
רְגַל (regal) means 'foot' in Hebrew and is related to the Aramaic word for foot as well. The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to the foot, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[רְגַל] n.[f.] foot
base
H7271 רְגַל
7271 rgal reg-al'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7272:--foot.
see HEBREW for 07272
רְגַל (re.gal) — foot.
foot
Aramaic of re.gel (רֶ֫גֶל "foot" H7272)
Adj | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixANcmpc/Sp3ms
מִן (min) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' and it covers a range of uses including source, reason, and comparison. It can indicate physical origin, temporal aspects, or causation. The entries agree on its various applications, with no significant disagreement noted.
מִן prep. from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more then
base
H4481 מִן
4481 min min
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4480:--according, after, +
because, + before, by, for, from, X him, X more than, (out)
of, part, since, X these, to, upon, + when.
see HEBREW for 04480
מִן־ (min) — from.
1) from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than
1a) from, out of (of place)
1b) from, by, as a result of, by reason of, at, according to, (of source)
1c) from (of time)
1d) beyond, more than (in comparisons)
Adj | Suff — Preposition · suffixAR/Sp3fp
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
AC — ConjunctionAC
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
פַּרְזֶל (parzel) means 'iron' and is noted as an Aramaic term corresponding to the Hebrew word for iron, בַּרְזֶל (barzel). The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to iron, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
פַּרְזֶל 19 n.m. iron
base
H6523 פַּרְזֶל
6523 parzel par-zel'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1270; iron:--iron.
see HEBREW for 01270
פַּרְזֶל (par.zel) — iron.
iron
Aramaic of bar.zel (בַּרְזֶל "iron" H1270)
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
Iron
Tubal-Cain is the first-mentioned worker in iron (Gen. 4:22). The Egyptians wrought it at Sinai before the Exodus. David prepared it in great abundance for the temple (1 Chr. 22:3: 29:7). The merchants of Dan and Javan brought it to the market of Tyre (Ezek. 27:19). Various instruments are mentioned as made of iron (Deut. 27:5; 19:5; Josh. 17:16, 18; 1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 12:31; 2 Kings 6:5, 6; 1 Chr.…
is mentioned with brass as the earliest of known metals. (Genesis 4:22) The natural wealth in iron of the soil of Canaan is indicated by describing it as a land whose stones are iron." (8:9) (Recent explorations have shown that iron ore is abundant in the northern part of Palestine. --ED.) The book of Job contains passages which indicate that iron was a metal well known. Sheet-iron was used for cooking utensils. (Ezekiel 4:3) cf. Levi 7:9 That it was plentiful in the time of David appears from (1 Chronicles 22:3) The market of Tyre was supplied with bright or polished iron by the merchants of by Dan and Javan. (Ezekiel 27:19) The Chalybes of the Pontus were celebrated as…
Was early known and wrought, Ge 4:22. Moses often alludes to it. He compares the bondage in Egypt to a furnace for smelting iron, and speaks of the iron ore of Canaan, De 3:11 4:20 8:9. Many different articles and tools were anciently made of it. Immense quantities were provided for the building of the temple, 1Ch 29:2,7. "Iron" is used to illustrated slavery, strength, obstinacy, fortitude, affliction, etc., De 28:48 Job 40:18 Isa 48:4 Jer 1:18 Eze 22:18,20…
מִן (min) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' and it covers a range of uses including source, reason, and comparison. It can indicate physical origin, temporal aspects, or causation. The entries agree on its various applications, with no significant disagreement noted.
מִן prep. from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more then
base
H4481 מִן
4481 min min
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4480:--according, after, +
because, + before, by, for, from, X him, X more than, (out)
of, part, since, X these, to, upon, + when.
see HEBREW for 04480
מִן־ (min) — from.
1) from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than
1a) from, out of (of place)
1b) from, by, as a result of, by reason of, at, according to, (of source)
1c) from (of time)
1d) beyond, more than (in comparisons)
Adj | Suff — Conjunction · preposition · suffixAC/R/Sp3fp
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
AC — ConjunctionAC
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
חֲסַף (chacaph) refers to clay or potsherd, indicating a material used in pottery. The word is derived from a root related to another Hebrew term, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage in the Old Testament.
חֲסַף n.[m.] clay, potsherd
base
H2635 חֲסַף
2635 chacaph khas-af'
(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to that of 2636; a
clod:--clay.
see HEBREW for 02636
חֲסַף (cha.saph) — clay.
clay, potsherd
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
kla (chomer, chacaph, TiT, meleT, `abhi, ma`abheh, abhTiT; pelos, "wet clay," "mud"): True clay, which is a highly aluminous soil, is found in certain localities in Palestine, and is used in making pottery. The Hebrew and Greek words, as well as the English "clay," are, however, used loosely for any sticky mud. In making mud bricks, true clay is not always used, but ordinary soil is worked up with water and mixed with straw, molded and left to dry in the sun. Chomer (compare chmar, "slime" or "bitumen") is rendered both "clay" and "mortar." TiT is rendered "clay" or "mire." In Isa 41:25 we have: "He shall come upon rulers as upon mortar (chomer), and as the potter treadeth clay" (TiT). In Na 3:14, "Go into the clay (TiT), and tread the mortar (chomer); make strong the brickkiln"…
Clay
This word is used of sediment found in pits or in streets (Isa. 57:20; Jer. 38:60), of dust mixed with spittle (John 9:6), and of potter’s clay (Isa. 41:25; Nah. 3:14; Jer. 18:1-6; Rom. 9:21). Clay was used for sealing (Job 38:14; Jer. 32:14). Our Lord’s tomb may have been thus sealed (Matt. 27:66). The practice of sealing doors with clay is still…
As the sediment of water remaining in pits or in streets, the word is used frequently in the Old Testament. (Psalms 18:42; Isaiah 57:20; Jeremiah 38:6) and in the New Testament, (John 9:6) a mixture of sand or dust with spittle. It is also found in the sense of potter’s clay. (Isaiah 41:25) The great seat of the pottery of the present day in Palestine is Gaza, where are made the vessels in dark-blue clay so frequently met with. Another use of clay was for sealing. (Job 38:14) Our Lord’s tomb may have been thus sealed, (Matthew 27:66) as also the earthen vessel containing the evidences of Jeremiah’s purchase. (
Designed for earthenware was trodden by the feet to mix it well, Isa 41:25, was molded on a wheel, and then baked in a kiln, Jer 18:3 43:9. The potter’s art is referred to in Scripture to illustrate man’s dependence upon God, Isa 64:8 Ro 9:21. See POTTER. Clay seems to have been also used in sealing, as wax is with us, Job 38:14. The bricks of Babylon are found marked with a large seal or stamp, and modern travellers find the locks of doors in eastern khans and granaries sealed on the outside with clay.