Daniel 2:40 — Word Study
WLCוּמַלְכוּ֙ רְבִ֣יעָאָ֔ה תֶּהֱוֵ֥א תַקִּיפָ֖ה כְּפַרְזְלָ֑א כָּל־ קֳבֵ֗ל דִּ֤י פַרְזְלָא֙ מְהַדֵּ֤ק וְחָשֵׁל֙ כֹּ֔לָּא וּֽכְפַרְזְלָ֛א דִּֽי־ מְרָעַ֥ע כָּל־ אִלֵּ֖ין תַּדִּ֥ק וְתֵרֹֽעַ׃
BSAFinally, there will behâvâʼ a fourthrᵉbîyʻay [last, concluding] kingdommalkûw as strongtaqqîyph as ironparzel [unyielding, unbreakable] forqᵉbêl ironparzel [metal, element] shattersdᵉqaq [breaks, crushes] and crusheschăshal△ [subdues, overpowers] all thingskôl [everything, the whole] and like ironparzel [metal, element] thatdîy crushesrᵉʻaʻ [breaks, destroys] all thingskôl [everything, the whole] it will shatterdᵉqaq [break, demolish] and crushrᵉʻaʻ▸ [overpower, dominate] all the othersʼillêyn [nations, kingdoms]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּמַלְכוּ֙ | and a kingdom | Conjunction, noun common both singular absolute |
| רְבִ֣יעָאָ֔ה | fourth | Adj |
| תֶּהֱוֵ֥א | it will be | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine singular |
| תַקִּיפָ֖ה | strong | Adj |
| כְּפַרְזְלָ֑א | like iron | Preposition, noun common both singular determined, particle |
| כָּל־ | as to | Preposition, preposition |
| קֳבֵ֗ל | because | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| דִּ֤י | that | Conjunction |
| פַרְזְלָא֙ | iron the | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
| מְהַדֵּ֤ק | [is] shattering | Verb, Hiphil, participle (active) masculine singular |
| וְחָשֵׁל֙ | and [is] crushing | Conjunction, verb qal participle (active) masculine singular |
| כֹּ֔לָּא | everything | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
| וּֽכְפַרְזְלָ֛א | and like iron | Conjunction, preposition, noun common both singular determined |
| דִּֽי־ | which | Conjunction |
| מְרָעַ֥ע | [is] crushing | Verb, Piel, participle (active) masculine singular |
| כָּל־ | all | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| אִלֵּ֖ין | these | Particle |
| תַּדִּ֥ק | it will shatter | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person feminine singular |
| וְתֵרֹֽעַ׃ | so it may crush | Conjunction, verb qal third person feminine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Finally, there will be a fourth kingdom as strong as iron; for iron shatters and crushes all things, and like iron that crushes all things, it will shatter and crush all the others. |
| KJV | And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron: forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth all things: and as iron that breaketh all these, shall it break in pieces and bruise. |
| ASV | And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron, forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth all things; and as iron that crusheth all these, shall it break in pieces and crush. |
| YLT | And the fourth kingdom is strong as iron, because that iron is breaking small, and making feeble, all [things], even as iron that is breaking all these, it beateth small and breaketh. |
| WEB | The fourth kingdom will be strong as iron, because iron breaks in pieces and subdues all things; and as iron that crushes all these, it will break in pieces and crush. |
| BBE | And the fourth kingdom will be strong as iron: because, as all things are broken and overcome by iron, so it will have the power of crushing and smashing down all the earth. |
Where they part company is מְהַדֵּק — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with several subordinate clauses that elaborate on the characteristics and actions of the fourth kingdom.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbהוה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 19 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 2:40
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Vision of the Four Kingdomsgenerated
Daniel 2:40 presents a vision of successive kingdoms, with the fourth described as exceptionally strong, akin to iron. This prophecy illustrates the transition of power and the ultimate dominance of the fourth kingdom over its predecessors, mirroring the strength and destructive capability of iron. The context of this verse is crucial, as it sets the stage for understanding the nature of political powers in biblical prophecy, particularly in relation to the kingdoms of the world as seen in Daniel 2:39 and Daniel 2:41.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel 2:33 | its legs were iron, and its feet were part iron and part clay. |
| 2 | Daniel 7:19–26 | Then I wanted to know the true meaning of the fourth beast, which was different from all the others—extremely terrifying—devouring and crushing with iron teeth and bronze claws, then trampling underfoot whatever was left. |
| 3 | Daniel 8:24 | His power will be great, but it will not be his own. He will cause terrible destruction and succeed in whatever he does. He will destroy the mighty men along with the holy people. |
| 4 | Daniel 9:26 | Then after the sixty-two weeks the Messiah will be cut off and will have nothing. Then the people of the prince who is to come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. The end will come like a flood, and until the end there will be war; desolations have been decreed. |
| 5 | Daniel 11:36–45 | Then the king will do as he pleases and will exalt and magnify himself above every god, and he will speak monstrous things against the God of gods. He will be successful until the time of wrath is completed, for what has been decreed must be accomplished. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מַלְכוּ, u.mal.Khugenerated
The word מַלְכוּ (malkuw) refers to a kingdom, encompassing the idea of royal authority and dominion. It signifies not just the territory ruled, but also the reign of a king, as seen in various biblical contexts. The parsing indicates it is a noun in the singular form, emphasizing its role as a concrete entity.
In this verse, מַלְכוּ highlights the concept of a kingdom that possesses strength and power. The use of this word in the context of the fourth kingdom underscores its significance in the prophecy, as it is meant to convey the idea of a formidable and unyielding authority.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the term kingdom consistently across translations. The KJV and ASV also utilize kingdom, maintaining the same theological implications.
Where translations differ, they do so primarily in the rendering of specific phrases. For example, shattering (BSB, WEB) contrasts with breaking (KJV, ASV) for the Hebrew term מְהַדֵּק.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse features a main clause centered around the verb תֶּהֱוֵ֥א (it will be), which governs the description of the fourth kingdom. The structure includes several phrases that elaborate on the kingdom's strength and its destructive nature.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the kingdom's characteristics, with the adjective תַקִּיפָ֖ה (strong) directly modifying מַלְכוּ to highlight its power.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מַלְכוּ as βασιλεία (basileia), which means 'kingdom.' This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, emphasizing the concept of royal authority.
The Greek word ἰσξυρὰ (iskhyra) is used for תַקִּיפָ֖ה, indicating a strong and powerful nature, reinforcing the idea of dominance associated with the fourth kingdom.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 2:40 describes a fourth kingdom that will be as strong as iron. This kingdom will have the power to shatter and crush everything, just like iron does. The verse emphasizes the strength and dominance of this kingdom over all others.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The fourth kingdom represents a powerful empire that will dominate and overpower all preceding kingdoms, as indicated by its comparison to iron.
Iron is known for its strength and durability, making it an apt metaphor for the formidable nature of the fourth kingdom.
This verse indicates a progression of kingdoms, with the fourth being the most powerful, as described in the context of the preceding verses.
The phrase emphasizes the destructive capability of the fourth kingdom, highlighting its ability to dominate and break down all opposition.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What qualities do you think make a kingdom strong and enduring?
- How can we see the themes of power and authority reflected in our own lives or societies?
- In what ways can understanding the nature of this fourth kingdom inform our perspective on current political powers?
- What lessons can we draw from the imagery of iron in this verse regarding resilience and strength?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Jerome comments on the fourth kingdom, noting its power to break and shatter previous empires, drawing from this verse in his commentary.
Verse 40. "And there shall be a fourth empire like unto iron. Just as iron breaks to pieces and overcomes all else, so it shall break to pieces and shatter all these preceding empires .Early Church Fathers on Daniel 2 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 2:40 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron,.... This is not the kingdom of the Lagidae and Seleucidae, the successors of Alexander, as some have thought; for these are designed by the thighs in
Read John Gill on Daniel 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron: forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth all things: and as iron that breaketh all these, shall it break in pieces and bruise. The fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron.
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 2 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe fourth kingdom is the kingdom of the Romans; and was to last not only to Christ’ s first coming, but under antichrist to his second coming, but still going down as to pagan worship, and at last to antichristian and papal power; for in Daniel tells the king that God made known to him that should be in the latter days; therefore he intended a general history to the end of the world, Daniel 7, latter end; and Daniel 11, Daniel 12. It shall break in pieces and bruise: this did break in pieces all other kingdoms, being too strong for them, and was never in subjection to any, but brought all in subjection to it, till the stone fell upon it, of which afterward.
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 2 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 2:40 And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron: forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth all [things]: and as iron that breaketh all these, shall it break in pieces and bruise.Ver. 40. And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron,] i.e., The Roman kingdom, fitly compared to iron for hardness and hardiness. The two legs do note the division of the kingdom into the empire of the east and the empire of the west, first begun by Anthony and Augustus Caesar 40 B.C., afterwards established by Constantine, A.D. 330, and again more perfectly by Theodosius, A.D. 395. And as iron that breaketh all these.] Of the Roman greatness much is written by many authors, how they subdued…
Read John Trapp on Daniel 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(40) And the fourth.—It should be observed that the description of this kingdom is much fuller than those of the preceding empires. The same fact will be remarked in the later visions (Daniel 7:7-8; Daniel 7:19-20). Breaketh all things.—Remembering that the comparison is between iron and the fourth empire, this portion of the vision implies that the Roman empire, which is here intended (see Exc. E), will crush out all traces that remain of preceding empires, just as iron is capable of breaking gold, silver, or copper. Of the second and third empires, each borrowed something from that which preceded it. The fourth empire introduces a new system, and a new civilisation.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 2 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges40. The fourth kingdom, the formidable crushing power of which is compared to iron. The allusion is to the Macedonian empire, founded by Alexander the Great. subdueth] or beateth down: in Syr. the word used means to forge a metal. breaketh all these … and bruise] crusheth all these … and crush (R.V.).
Read Cambridge on Daniel 2 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd the fourth kingdom - Represented in the image by the legs of iron, and the feet “part of iron, and part of clay,” Daniel 2:33. The first question which arises here is, what kingdom is referred to by this?
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 2 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible40. This was true of the Syrian kingdom especially in its treatment of the Jews.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Daniel 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Finally, there will be a fourth kingdom as strong as iron; for iron shatters and crushes all things, and like iron that crushes all things, it will shatter and crush all the others.
The fourth kingdom will be strong as iron, because iron breaks in pieces and subdues all things; and as iron that crushes all these, it will break in pieces and crush.
Finally, there will be a fourth kingdom as strong as iron; for iron shatters and crushes all things, and like iron that crushes all things, it will shatter and crush all the others.
Then there will be a fourth kingdom, one strong like iron. Just like iron breaks in pieces and shatters everything, and as iron breaks in pieces all of these metals, so it will break in pieces and crush the others.
Tyndale line
And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron: forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth all things: and as iron that breaketh all these, shall it break in pieces and bruise.
And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron, forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth all things; and as iron that crusheth all these, shall it break in pieces and crush.
And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron: forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth all things: and as iron that crusheth all these, shall it break in pieces and crush.
And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron: forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth all things : and as iron that breaketh all these, shall it break in pieces and bruise.
And the fourth kingdome shall be strong as yron: for as yron breaketh in pieces, and subdueth all things, and as yron bruiseth all these things, so shall it breake in pieces, and bruise all.
Strictly literal
And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron: forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth everything, and as iron that breaketh all these, so shall it break in pieces and bruise.
And the fourth kingdom is strong as iron, because that iron is breaking small, and making feeble, all [things], even as iron that is breaking all these, it beateth small and breaketh.
And the fourth kingdom is strong as iron, because that iron is breaking small, and making feeble, all [things], even as iron that is breaking all these, it beats small and breaks.
And the fourth kingdom will be as strong as iron; forasmuch as iron grindeth up and beateth down all things, and as iron that breaketh [every thing], will it grind up and break all these.
There will be a fourth kingdom, strong as iron, because iron breaks other things into pieces and shatters everything. It will shatter all these things and crush them.
From the Latin
And the fourth kingdom shall be as iron. As iron breaketh into pieces, and subdueth all things, so shall that break and destroy all these.
Simplified
The fourth kingdom will be strong as iron and in the same way that iron crushes and smashes everything—it will crush and smash all others.
And the fourth kingdom will be strong as iron: because, as all things are broken and overcome by iron, so it will have the power of crushing and smashing down all the earth.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text aligns with the Septuagint in its overall message, though the Septuagint's word order differs. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration of the text but agree with the Masoretic Text in the key elements of the prophecy.
וּמַלְכוּ֙ רְבִ֣יעָאָ֔ה תֶּהֱוֵ֥א תַקִּיפָ֖ה כְּפַרְזְלָ֑א כָּל־ קֳבֵ֗ל דִּ֤י פַרְזְלָא֙ מְהַדֵּ֤ק וְחָשֵׁל֙ כֹּ֔לָּא וּֽכְפַרְזְלָ֛א דִּֽי־ מְרָעַ֥ע כָּל־ אִלֵּ֖ין תַּדִּ֥ק וְתֵרֹֽעַ׃
10 of the 19 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[ומלכו] [רביעיה] [תהוא] [תקיפה] [כפרזל] [א] [כלקבל] [די] [פרזל] [א] [מהדק] [וחשל] [כל] [א] [וכפרזל] [א] [די] מרעע כל אלין [תדק] [ותרע] כל ארע א
4 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 19 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 2:40
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מַלְכוּ (malkuw) refers to concepts of royalty and dominion, encompassing meanings like kingdom, reign, and kingly authority. It is used in both abstract and concrete contexts, indicating a realm or territory as well. The entries do not present any significant disagreement.
מַלְכוּ n.f. royalty, reign, kingdom
base
H4437 מַלְכוּ
4437 malkuw mal-koo'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4438; dominion (abstractly or
concretely):--kingdom, kingly, realm, reign.
see HEBREW for 04438
מַלְכוּ (mal.khu) — kingdom.
1) royalty, reign, kingdom
1a) royalty, kingship, kingly authority
1b) kingdom
1c) realm (of territory)
1d) reign (of time)
Adj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common both singular absoluteAC/Ncbsa
רְבִיעִי (*rbiy`ay*) means 'fourth' and is an ordinal adjective in Aramaic, derived from the related term רְבִיעַי (*re.vi.i*). It corresponds to the Hebrew word for 'fourth' found in H7243. The entries consistently define it as an ordinal number without significant disagreement.
[רְבִיעִי] adj.num.ord. fourth
base
H7244 רְבִיעִי, רְבִיעַי
7244 rbiy`ay reb-ee-ah'-ee
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7243 -- fourth.
see HEBREW for 07243
רְבִיעִי (re.vi.ay) — fourth.
fourth
Aramaic of re.vi.i (רְבִיעִי "fourth" H7243)
Adj — AdjAAofsa
הֲוָא (hava') means to come to pass, become, or be. It is used in various contexts, often in connection with other words, indicating actions like to see, seek, or walk. The entries highlight its range of applications in both Hebrew and Aramaic, with a focus on existence and becoming.
הֲוָא, הֲוָה 71 vb. come to pass, become, be
base
H1934 הֲוָא, הֲוָה come to pass, become, be
1934 hava' hav-aw'
(Aramaic) orhavah (Aramaic) {hav-aw'}; corresponding to 1933;
to exist; used in a great variety of applications (especially
in connection with other words):--be, become, + behold, + came
(to pass), + cease, + cleave, + consider, + do, + give, +
have, + judge, + keep, + labour, + mingle (self), + put, +
see, + seek, + set, + slay, + take heed, tremble, + walk, +
would.
see HEBREW for 01933
הֲוָא (ha.va) — to be.
1) to come to pass, become, be
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to come to pass
1a2) to come into being, arise, become, come to be
1a2a) to let become known (with participle of knowing)
1a3) to be
Adj — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singularAVqi3fs
תַּקִּיף (taqqiyph) is an Aramaic word meaning 'strong' or 'mighty.' It is derived from a related Hebrew term and is used to describe strength or power.
[תַּקִּיף] adj. strong, mighty
base
H8624 תַּקִּיף
8624 taqqiyph tak-keef'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 8623:--mighty, strong.
see HEBREW for 08623
תַּקִּיף (taq.qiph) — strong.
might, strong, mighty
Aramaic of taq.qiph (תַּקִּיף "mighty" H8623)
Adj — AdjAAafsa
פַּרְזֶל (parzel) means 'iron' and is noted as an Aramaic term corresponding to the Hebrew word for iron, בַּרְזֶל (barzel). The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to iron, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
פַּרְזֶל 19 n.m. iron
base
H6523 פַּרְזֶל
6523 parzel par-zel'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1270; iron:--iron.
see HEBREW for 01270
פַּרְזֶל (par.zel) — iron.
iron
Aramaic of bar.zel (בַּרְזֶל "iron" H1270)
Adj | N-ms | Art — Preposition · noun common both singular determined · particleAR/Ncbsd/Ta
Iron
Tubal-Cain is the first-mentioned worker in iron (Gen. 4:22). The Egyptians wrought it at Sinai before the Exodus. David prepared it in great abundance for the temple (1 Chr. 22:3: 29:7). The merchants of Dan and Javan brought it to the market of Tyre (Ezek. 27:19). Various instruments are mentioned as made of iron (Deut. 27:5; 19:5; Josh. 17:16, 18; 1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 12:31; 2 Kings 6:5, 6; 1 Chr.…
is mentioned with brass as the earliest of known metals. (Genesis 4:22) The natural wealth in iron of the soil of Canaan is indicated by describing it as a land whose stones are iron." (8:9) (Recent explorations have shown that iron ore is abundant in the northern part of Palestine. --ED.) The book of Job contains passages which indicate that iron was a metal well known. Sheet-iron was used for cooking utensils. (Ezekiel 4:3) cf. Levi 7:9 That it was plentiful in the time of David appears from (1 Chronicles 22:3) The market of Tyre was supplied with bright or polished iron by the merchants of by Dan and Javan. (Ezekiel 27:19) The Chalybes of the Pontus were celebrated as…
Was early known and wrought, Ge 4:22. Moses often alludes to it. He compares the bondage in Egypt to a furnace for smelting iron, and speaks of the iron ore of Canaan, De 3:11 4:20 8:9. Many different articles and tools were anciently made of it. Immense quantities were provided for the building of the temple, 1Ch 29:2,7. "Iron" is used to illustrated slavery, strength, obstinacy, fortitude, affliction, etc., De 28:48 Job 40:18 Isa 48:4 Jer 1:18 Eze 22:18,20…
/ל (l) — to/for.
Prefix lamed: to
AR/R — Preposition · prepositionAR/R
az: Conj. and adverb (usually Greek hos hosper, kathos), designating:
(1) Likeness: (a) between nouns (Ge 3:5; Jud 6:5; Php 2:8; Heb 11:27,29); (b) between verbs (Lu 6:36; Joh 5:30; 1Co 10:7); (c) between adjectives (1Co 15:48).
(2) Limitation (with respect to a particular aspect or relation) (1Pe 4:15,16).
קֳבֵל, transliterated as qbel, is an Aramaic word meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' It functions as a noun, preposition, conjunction, and adverb, conveying ideas of location and causation, such as 'because of' or 'therefore.' The entries indicate that it is derived from a related term, קָבַל (H6905), and cover a range of uses in context.
קֳבֵל 29 subst. front, as prep. in front of, before, because of; as conj. because that
base
H6903 קֳבֵל, קְבֵל
6903 qbel keb-ale'
(Aramaic) or qobel (Aramaic) {kob-ale'}; (corresponding to
6905; (adverbially) in front of; usually (with other
particles) on account of, so as, since, hence:--+ according
to, + as, + because, before, + for this cause, + forasmuch as,
+ by this means, over against, by reason of, + that, +
therefore, + though, + wherefore.
see HEBREW for 06905
קֳבֵל (qe.vel) — before.
subst
1) front
prep
2) in front of, before, because of, in view of, by reason of, because of this, therefore
conj
3) because that, inasmuch as, although, according as, before
adv
4) accordingly, then
קֳבֵל (qe.vel) — before: because.
subst
1) front
prep
2) in front of, before, because of, in view of, by reason of, because of this, therefore
conj
3) because that, inasmuch as, although, according as, before
adv
4) accordingly, then
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
be-kos' (hina, "in order that"): "The multitude rebuked them, because (AV; the Revised Version (British and American) "that") they should hold their peace" (Mt 20:31).
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
Adj — ConjunctionAC
פַּרְזֶל (parzel) means 'iron' and is noted as an Aramaic term corresponding to the Hebrew word for iron, בַּרְזֶל (barzel). The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to iron, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
פַּרְזֶל 19 n.m. iron
base
H6523 פַּרְזֶל
6523 parzel par-zel'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1270; iron:--iron.
see HEBREW for 01270
פַּרְזֶל (par.zel) — iron.
iron
Aramaic of bar.zel (בַּרְזֶל "iron" H1270)
Adj | Art — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
Iron
Tubal-Cain is the first-mentioned worker in iron (Gen. 4:22). The Egyptians wrought it at Sinai before the Exodus. David prepared it in great abundance for the temple (1 Chr. 22:3: 29:7). The merchants of Dan and Javan brought it to the market of Tyre (Ezek. 27:19). Various instruments are mentioned as made of iron (Deut. 27:5; 19:5; Josh. 17:16, 18; 1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 12:31; 2 Kings 6:5, 6; 1 Chr.…
is mentioned with brass as the earliest of known metals. (Genesis 4:22) The natural wealth in iron of the soil of Canaan is indicated by describing it as a land whose stones are iron." (8:9) (Recent explorations have shown that iron ore is abundant in the northern part of Palestine. --ED.) The book of Job contains passages which indicate that iron was a metal well known. Sheet-iron was used for cooking utensils. (Ezekiel 4:3) cf. Levi 7:9 That it was plentiful in the time of David appears from (1 Chronicles 22:3) The market of Tyre was supplied with bright or polished iron by the merchants of by Dan and Javan. (Ezekiel 27:19) The Chalybes of the Pontus were celebrated as…
Was early known and wrought, Ge 4:22. Moses often alludes to it. He compares the bondage in Egypt to a furnace for smelting iron, and speaks of the iron ore of Canaan, De 3:11 4:20 8:9. Many different articles and tools were anciently made of it. Immense quantities were provided for the building of the temple, 1Ch 29:2,7. "Iron" is used to illustrated slavery, strength, obstinacy, fortitude, affliction, etc., De 28:48 Job 40:18 Isa 48:4 Jer 1:18 Eze 22:18,20…
דְּקַק (de.qaq) means to break up or crumble, with a focus on shattering or falling into pieces. It appears in the context of being shattered or breaking into pieces, as noted in Daniel 2:35. The word is derived from a related term, indicating a similar action of crumbling.
[דְּקַק] vb. be shattered, fall to pieces (BH)
Pe. Dn 2:35.
Haph. break in pieces
base
H1855 דְּקַק, דּוּק
1855 dqaq dek-ak'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1854; to crumble or (trans.)
crush:--break to pieces.
see HEBREW for 01854
דְּקַק (de.qaq) — to break up.
1) to break into pieces, fall into pieces, be shattered
1a) (P'al) to be shattered
1b) (Aphel) to break into pieces
Adj — Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine singularAVhrmsa
חֲשַׁל (chashal) is a verb meaning to shatter or crush, with a sense of weakening or subduing. It is noted in the context of Aramaic, related to the root meaning of being feeble. The primary biblical reference is found in Daniel 2:40.
[חֲשַׁל] vb. shatter;—Pe. Dn 2:40
ref
H2827 חֲשַׁל
2827 chashal khash-al'
(Aramaic) a root corresponding to 2826; to weaken, i.e.
crush:--subdue.
see HEBREW for 02826
חֲשַׁל (cha.shal) — to shatter.
(P'al) to subdue, crush, shatter
Aramaic of cha.shal (חָשַׁל "be feeble" H2826)
Adj | V-Qal — Conjunction · verb qal participle (active) masculine singularAC/Vqrmsa
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It encompasses meanings such as every, any, and none. The term is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, indicating totality or completeness.
כֹּל, כָּל־ n.m. the whole, all
base
H3606 כֹּל, כָּל־
3606 kol kole
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3605:--all, any, + (forasmuch) as,
+ be-(for this) cause, every, + no (manner, -ne), + there
(where)-fore, + though, what (where, who)-soever, (the) whole.
see HEBREW for 03605
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, whole, the whole
1a) the whole of, all
1b) every, any, none
Adj | Art — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
פַּרְזֶל (parzel) means 'iron' and is noted as an Aramaic term corresponding to the Hebrew word for iron, בַּרְזֶל (barzel). The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to iron, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
פַּרְזֶל 19 n.m. iron
base
H6523 פַּרְזֶל
6523 parzel par-zel'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1270; iron:--iron.
see HEBREW for 01270
פַּרְזֶל (par.zel) — iron.
iron
Aramaic of bar.zel (בַּרְזֶל "iron" H1270)
Adj | Prep | N-ms | Art — Conjunction · preposition · noun common both singular determined · particleAC/R/Ncbsd/Ta
Iron
Tubal-Cain is the first-mentioned worker in iron (Gen. 4:22). The Egyptians wrought it at Sinai before the Exodus. David prepared it in great abundance for the temple (1 Chr. 22:3: 29:7). The merchants of Dan and Javan brought it to the market of Tyre (Ezek. 27:19). Various instruments are mentioned as made of iron (Deut. 27:5; 19:5; Josh. 17:16, 18; 1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 12:31; 2 Kings 6:5, 6; 1 Chr.…
is mentioned with brass as the earliest of known metals. (Genesis 4:22) The natural wealth in iron of the soil of Canaan is indicated by describing it as a land whose stones are iron." (8:9) (Recent explorations have shown that iron ore is abundant in the northern part of Palestine. --ED.) The book of Job contains passages which indicate that iron was a metal well known. Sheet-iron was used for cooking utensils. (Ezekiel 4:3) cf. Levi 7:9 That it was plentiful in the time of David appears from (1 Chronicles 22:3) The market of Tyre was supplied with bright or polished iron by the merchants of by Dan and Javan. (Ezekiel 27:19) The Chalybes of the Pontus were celebrated as…
Was early known and wrought, Ge 4:22. Moses often alludes to it. He compares the bondage in Egypt to a furnace for smelting iron, and speaks of the iron ore of Canaan, De 3:11 4:20 8:9. Many different articles and tools were anciently made of it. Immense quantities were provided for the building of the temple, 1Ch 29:2,7. "Iron" is used to illustrated slavery, strength, obstinacy, fortitude, affliction, etc., De 28:48 Job 40:18 Isa 48:4 Jer 1:18 Eze 22:18,20…
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
AC — ConjunctionAC
רְעַע (r`a`) means to crush or shatter, with a focus on breaking something apart. It is an Aramaic term related to the Hebrew word רָעַע (ra.a), which has a similar meaning. The entries consistently emphasize its destructive connotations.
[רְעַע] vb. crush, shatter
Pe.
Pa.
base
H7490 רְעַע
7490 r`a` reh-ah'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7489:--break, bruise.
see HEBREW for 07489
רְעַע (re.a) — to break.
(P'al) to crush, break, shatter
Aramaic of ra.a (רָעַע "to shatter" H7489B)
Adj — Verb · Piel · participle (active) masculine singularAVprmsa
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It encompasses meanings such as every, any, and none. The term is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, indicating totality or completeness.
כֹּל, כָּל־ n.m. the whole, all
base
H3606 כֹּל, כָּל־
3606 kol kole
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3605:--all, any, + (forasmuch) as,
+ be-(for this) cause, every, + no (manner, -ne), + there
(where)-fore, + though, what (where, who)-soever, (the) whole.
see HEBREW for 03605
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, whole, the whole
1a) the whole of, all
1b) every, any, none
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
אִלֵּין (illeyn) is an Aramaic demonstrative pronoun meaning 'these' or 'those.' It is derived from the root associated with the Hebrew word for 'these' and is used in the plural form. The entries consistently identify its function as a pronoun without significant disagreement.
אִלֵּין demonstr.pron.pl. these
base
H459 אִלֵּין
459 'illeyn il-lane'
(Aramaic) or shorter oillen {il-lane'}; prolonged from 412;
these:--the, these.
see HEBREW for 0412
אִלֵּין (il.len) — these.
these, those
Aramaic of el (אֵל "these" H0411)
Adj — ParticleATm
דְּקַק (de.qaq) means to break up or crumble, with a focus on shattering or falling into pieces. It appears in the context of being shattered or breaking into pieces, as noted in Daniel 2:35. The word is derived from a related term, indicating a similar action of crumbling.
[דְּקַק] vb. be shattered, fall to pieces (BH)
Pe. Dn 2:35.
Haph. break in pieces
base
H1855 דְּקַק, דּוּק
1855 dqaq dek-ak'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1854; to crumble or (trans.)
crush:--break to pieces.
see HEBREW for 01854
דְּקַק (de.qaq) — to break up.
1) to break into pieces, fall into pieces, be shattered
1a) (P'al) to be shattered
1b) (Aphel) to break into pieces
Adj — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person feminine singularAVhi3fs
רְעַע (r`a`) means to crush or shatter, with a focus on breaking something apart. It is an Aramaic term related to the Hebrew word רָעַע (ra.a), which has a similar meaning. The entries consistently emphasize its destructive connotations.
[רְעַע] vb. crush, shatter
Pe.
Pa.
base
H7490 רְעַע
7490 r`a` reh-ah'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7489:--break, bruise.
see HEBREW for 07489
רְעַע (re.a) — to break.
(P'al) to crush, break, shatter
Aramaic of ra.a (רָעַע "to shatter" H7489B)
Adj | V-Qal-Imperf-3fs — Conjunction · verb qal third person feminine singularAC/Vqu3fs